ASTM D4418-88(1998)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for Gas Turbines
Standard Practice for Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for Gas Turbines
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the receipt, storage, and handling of fuels for gas turbines, except for gas turbines used in aircraft. It is intended to provide guidance for the control of substances in a fuel that could cause deterioration of either the fuel system, or the gas turbine, or both.
1.2 This practice provides no guidance for either the selection of a grade of fuel, a topic covered by Specification D2880, or for the safety aspects of the fuel and fuel systems. For example, this practice does not address the spacings of storage tanks, loading and unloading facilities, etc., and procedures for dealing with the flammability and toxic properties of the fuels.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 4418 – 88 (Reapproved 1998) An American National Standard
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Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Practice for
Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for
1
Gas Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope designate the fuel that is actually burned in the gas turbine.
Fuel may actually be sampled at a point upstream from the
1.1 This practice covers the receipt, storage, and handling of
point of entry into the combustor(s), provided the sample is
fuels for gas turbines, except for gas turbines used in aircraft.
representative of the fuel actually entering the combustor(s).
It is intended to provide guidance for the control of substances
3.2 fuel contaminants—in principle, are any fuel component
in a fuel that could cause deterioration of either the fuel system,
other than hydrocarbon oils. In the present context the con-
or the gas turbine, or both.
taminants are foreign materials that make the fuel less suitable
1.2 This practice provides no guidance for either the selec-
or even unsuitable for the intended use. The contaminants of
tion of a grade of fuel, a topic covered by Specification D 2880,
primary interest are foreign materials introduced subsequent to
or for the safety aspects of the fuel and fuel systems. For
the manufacture of specification quality fuel. Hence they are
example, this practice does not address the spacings of storage
materials introduced in the distribution system (that is storage
tanks, loading and unloading facilities, etc., and procedures for
tanks, pipelines, tank, trucks, barges, etc.), or in the user’s
dealing with the flammability and toxic properties of the fuels.
storage and handling systems, or generated within these
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
systems (rust generated in steel pipes and tanks by moist fuel,
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
etc.). Contaminants may be soluble or insoluble in the fuel.
only.
3.3 dissolved and free water—water may be present in the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
fuel as dissolved water or as “free” (undissolved) water, or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
both. The free water may be fresh or saline. Fresh water may
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
enter the fuel from steam coils in storage tanks, from conden-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sation out of moisture-laden air, or from leaking cooling coils.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Saline water can enter the fuel during transportation in barges
2. Referenced Documents or tankers.
3.4 particulate solids—may enter a fuel from the air (sus-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
pended dirt and aerosols) or from the distribution and storage
D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-
2
systems (rust, corrosion products, gasket debris, and so forth).
ucts (ASTM Color Scale)
3.5 metallic compounds—metals may be present as metallic
D 1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
2
compounds in the fuel as a natural result of the composition of
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
the crude oil and of the refining process. However, unless
D 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate
3
special precautions are taken, additional metallic compounds
Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
can be acquired during distribution and storage. A commercial
D 2276 Test Methods for Particulate Contaminant in Avia-
3
product pipeline may contain residues of lead-containing
tion Turbine Fuels
3
gasoline that would then be dissolved by the gas turbine fuel.
D 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
Tank trucks, railroad tankcars, barges, and tankers may be
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
3
inadequately cleaned and contain residues of past cargos.
Petroleum Products
Acidic components in saline water salts in the fuel may react
3. Terminology
with distribution and storage equipment.
3.6 microbial slimes—may result when conditions are con-
3.1 fuel entering the combustor(s)—this term is used to
ducive to the growth of microorganisms that are always
present. The presence of free water is essential to the growth of
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on Petroleum
many of these microorganisms that grow in tank water bottoms
Products and Lubricant
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