ASTM D4418-00
(Practice)Standard Practice for Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for Gas Turbines
Standard Practice for Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for Gas Turbines
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the receipt, storage, and handling of fuels for gas turbines, except for gas turbines used in aircraft. It is intended to provide guidance for the control of substances in a fuel that could cause deterioration of either the fuel system, or the gas turbine, or both.
1.2 This practice provides no guidance for either the selection of a grade of fuel, a topic covered by Specification D2880, or for the safety aspects of the fuel and fuel systems. For example, this practice does not address the spacings of storage tanks, loading and unloading facilities, etc., and procedures for dealing with the flammability and toxic properties of the fuels.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D4418–00
Standard Practice for
Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for
1
Gas Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and
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Fuel Systems
1.1 Thispracticecoversthereceipt,storage,andhandlingof
fuels for gas turbines, except for gas turbines used in aircraft.
3. Terminology
It is intended to provide guidance for the control of substances
3.1 fuel entering the combustor(s)— this term is used to
inafuelthatcouldcausedeteriorationofeitherthefuelsystem,
designate the fuel that is actually burned in the gas turbine.
or the gas turbine, or both.
Fuel may actually be sampled at a point upstream from the
1.2 This practice provides no guidance for either the selec-
point of entry into the combustor(s), provided the sample is
tionofagradeoffuel,atopiccoveredbySpecificationD 2880,
representative of the fuel actually entering the combustor(s).
or for the safety aspects of the fuel and fuel systems. For
3.2 fuel contaminants—inprinciple,areanyfuelcomponent
example, this practice does not address the spacings of storage
other than hydrocarbon oils. In the present context the con-
tanks, loading and unloading facilities, etc., and procedures for
taminants are foreign materials that make the fuel less suitable
dealing with the flammability and toxic properties of the fuels.
or even unsuitable for the intended use. The contaminants of
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
primary interest are foreign materials introduced subsequent to
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
the manufacture of specification quality fuel. Hence they are
only.
materials introduced in the distribution system (that is storage
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tanks, pipelines, tank, trucks, barges, etc.), or in the user’s
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
storage and handling systems, or generated within these
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
systems (rust generated in steel pipes and tanks by moist fuel,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
etc.). Contaminants may be soluble or insoluble in the fuel.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.3 dissolved and free water—water may be present in the
2. Referenced Documents fuel as dissolved water or as “free” (undissolved) water, or
both. The free water may be fresh or saline. Fresh water may
2.1 ASTM Standards:
enter the fuel from steam coils in storage tanks, from conden-
D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-
2
sation out of moisture-laden air, or from leaking cooling coils.
ucts (ASTM Color Scale)
Saline water can enter the fuel during transportation in barges
D 1796 TestMethodforWaterandSedimentinFuelOilsby
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or tankers.
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
3.4 particulate solids—may enter a fuel from the air (sus-
D 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate
2
pended dirt and aerosols) or from the distribution and storage
Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
systems (rust, corrosion products, gasket debris, and so forth).
D 2276 Test Methods for Particulate Contaminant in Avia-
2
3.5 metallic compounds—metals may be present as metallic
tion Fuel by Line Sampling
2
compounds in the fuel as a natural result of the composition of
D 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
the crude oil and of the refining process. However, unless
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
3
special precautions are taken, additional metallic compounds
Petroleum Products
can be acquired during distribution and storage.Acommercial
product pipeline may contain residues of lead-containing
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
gasoline that would then be dissolved by the gas turbine fuel.
Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.Eon
Tank trucks, railroad tankcars, barges, and tankers may be
Burner, Diesel, and Gas Turbine Fuel Oils.
inadequately cleaned and contain residues of past cargos.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2000. Published January 2001. Originally
published as D 4418 – 84. Last previous edition D 4418 – 88(1998).
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 05.04.
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