ASTM G133-05(2016)

Standard Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to simulate the geometry and motions that are experienced in many types of rubbing components whose normal operation results in periodic reversals in the direction of relative sliding. The wear resulting from this mode of movement may differ from that experienced by the same materials sliding continuously in only one direction (unidirectional sliding) even for comparable durations of contact. Test loads and speeds are to be determined by the severity of the proposed application or purpose of the testing. Either of two sets of testing conditions (designated Procedures A and B) may be used.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for determining the sliding wear of ceramics, metals, and other candidate wear-resistant materials using a linear, reciprocating ball-on-flat plane geometry. The direction of the relative motion between sliding surfaces reverses in a periodic fashion such that the sliding occurs back and forth and in a straight line. The principal quantities of interest are the wear volumes of the contacting ball and flat specimen materials; however, the coefficient of kinetic friction may also be measured using the method described. This test method encompasses both unlubricated and lubricated testing procedures. The scope of this test method does not include testing in corrosive or chemically aggressive environments.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2016
• ICS: 19.060 - Mechanical testing
• Technical Committee: G02 - Wear and Erosion
• Drafting Committee: G02.40 - Non-Abrasive Wear

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G133 − 05 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
1
Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G133; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Precision Using Data from Interlaboratory Wear or Ero-
sion Tests
1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for de-
G118Guide for Recommended Format of Wear Test Data
termining the sliding wear of ceramics, metals, and other
Suitable for Databases
candidate wear-resistant materials using a linear, reciprocating
ball-on-flat plane geometry. The direction of the relative
3. Terminology
motion between sliding surfaces reverses in a periodic fashion
such that the sliding occurs back and forth and in a straight 3.1 Definitions:
line. The principal quantities of interest are the wear volumes
3.1.1 Definitions used in this test method are given in
ofthecontactingballandflatspecimenmaterials;however,the Terminology G40. The following definitions of important
coefficient of kinetic friction may also be measured using the
termsusedinthistestmethodarecitedfromTerminologyG40.
method described. This test method encompasses both unlu- 3.1.2 friction force—the resisting force tangential to the
bricated and lubricated testing procedures. The scope of this
interface between two bodies when, under the action of an
test method does not include testing in corrosive or chemically externalforce,onebodymovesortendstomoverelativetothe
aggressive environments.
other.
3.1.3 Hertzian contact pressure—themagnitudeofthepres-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information sure at any specified location in a Hertzian contact area, as
calculated from Hertz’s equations of elastic deformation.
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.4 wear—damage to a solid surface, generally involving
theprogressivelossofmaterialduetorelativemotionbetween
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- that surface and a contacting surface or surfaces.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.5 wear rate—the rate of material removal or dimen-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sional change due to wear per unit of exposure parameter, for
example, quantity removed (mass, volume, thickness) in unit
2. Referenced Documents
distance of sliding or unit time.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E112Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size 4. Summary of Test Method
E1181Test Methods for Characterizing Duplex Grain Sizes
4.1 This test method involves two specimens—a flat speci-
G40Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
menandasphericallyendedspecimen(hereincalledthe“ball”
G99Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk
specimen) which slides against the flat specimen. These
Apparatus
specimens move relative to one another in a linear, back and
G115Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coeffi-
forth sliding motion, under a prescribed set of conditions.
cients
4.2 In this test method, the load is applied vertically
G117Guide for Calculating and Reporting Measures of
downward through the ball specimen against the horizontally
mounted flat specimen. The normal load, stroke length, fre-
quency and type of oscillation, test temperature, lubricant (if
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear
any), test duration, and atmospheric environment (including
and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.40 on Non-
Abrasive Wear.
relative humidity range) are selected from one of two proce-
Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published June 2016. Originally
dures.
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as G133–05 (2010).
DOI: 10.1520/G0133-05R16.
4.3 Since this test method involves reciprocating sliding
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
where changes in the sliding velocity and direction of motion
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
occur during the test, constant velocity conditions are not
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. maintained.The manner in which the velocity varies with time
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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G133 − 05 (2016)
FIG. 1 Reciprocating Test—Schematic Diagram
isdet
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: G133 − 05 (Reapproved 2010) G133 − 05 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
1
Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G133; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for determining the sliding wear of ceramics, metals, and other candidate
wear-resistant materials using a linear, reciprocating ball-on-flat plane geometry. The direction of the relative motion between
sliding surfaces reverses in a periodic fashion such that the sliding occurs back and forth and in a straight line. The principal
quantities of interest are the wear volumes of the contacting ball and flat specimen materials; however, the coefficient of kinetic
friction may also be measured using the method described. This test method encompasses both unlubricated and lubricated testing
procedures. The scope of this test method does not include testing in corrosive or chemically aggressive environments.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E1181 Test Methods for Characterizing Duplex Grain Sizes
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
G99 Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus
G115 Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coefficients
G117 Guide for Calculating and Reporting Measures of Precision Using Data from Interlaboratory Wear or Erosion Tests
G118 Guide for Recommended Format of Wear Test Data Suitable for Databases
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions used in this test method are given in Terminology G40. The following definitions of important terms used in
this test method are cited from Terminology G40.
3.1.2 friction force—the resisting force tangential to the interface between two bodies when, under the action of an external
force, one body moves or tends to move relative to the other.
3.1.3 Hertzian contact pressure—the magnitude of the pressure at any specified location in a Hertzian contact area, as calculated
from Hertz’s equations of elastic deformation.
3.1.4 wear—damage to a solid surface, generally involving the progressive loss of material due to relative motion between that
surface and a contacting surface or surfaces.
3.1.5 wear rate—the rate of material removal or dimensional change due to wear per unit of exposure parameter, for example,
quantity removed (mass, volume, thickness) in unit distance of sliding or unit time.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method involves two specimens—a flat specimen and a spherically ended specimen (herein called the “ball”
specimen) which slides against the flat specimen. These specimens move relative to one another in a linear, back and forth sliding
motion, under a prescribed set of conditions.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.40 on Non-Abrasive Wear.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010June 1, 2016. Published April 2010June 2016. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
ε1
G133G133 – 05 (2010).–05 . DOI: 10.1520/G0133-05R10.10.1520/G0133-05R16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G133 − 05 (2016)
4.2 In this test method, the load is applied vertically downward through the ball specimen against the horizontally mounted flat
specimen. The normal load, stroke length, frequency and type of oscillation, test temperature, lubricant (if any), tes
...