ASTM D2205-85(2010)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints
Standard Guide for Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints
ABSTRACT
This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing traffic paints in the laboratory and in the field. This guide covers the testing of a ready-mixed paint product of sprayable consistency that shall be suitable for use as a reflecting traffic guide on paved roadways. Tests shall be performed in accordance with the following test methods: liquid paint properties; application and appearance properties; properties of the dried film; analysis of paint; and field evaluations. Conditions, such as: substrate type; climatic conditions; service density; traffic type; and presence of foreign matter on the road surface, may affect traffic paint.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing traffic paints in the laboratory and in the field.
1.2 This guide covers the testing of a ready-mixed paint product of sprayable consistency that shall be suitable for use as a reflecting traffic guide on paved roadways.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2205 − 85 (Reapproved2010)
Standard Guide for
Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2205; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D711 Test Method for No-Pick-Up Time of Traffic Paint
D713 Practice for Conducting Road Service Tests on Fluid
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures
Traffic Marking Materials
for testing traffic paints in the laboratory and in the field.
D868 Practice for Determination of Degree of Bleeding of
1.2 This guide covers the testing of a ready-mixed paint
Traffic Paint
product of sprayable consistency that shall be suitable for use
D869 TestMethodforEvaluatingDegreeofSettlingofPaint
as a reflecting traffic guide on paved roadways.
D870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Using Water Immersion
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D913 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Traffic Paint Line
only.
Wear
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Coatings by Falling Abrasive
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D969 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Degree
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of Bleeding of Traffic Paint (Withdrawn 2010)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
2. Referenced Documents
D1309 Test Method for Settling Properties of Traffic Paints
2.1 ASTM Standards:
During Storage
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-
and Related Products
ments
D1644 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Varnishes
D16 TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
D1647 Test Methods for Resistance of Dried Films of
Applications
Varnishes to Water and Alkali (Withdrawn 2004)
D154 Guide for Testing Varnishes
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
D215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White Linseed
D1737 Method of Test for Elongation of Attached Organic
Oil Paints (Withdrawn 2005)
Coatings with Cylindrical MandrelApparatus (Withdrawn
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring
1988)
KrebsUnit(KU)ViscosityUsingaStormer-TypeViscom-
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
eter
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
Coordinates
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
D2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Reducible Paints
Subcommittee D01.44 on Traffic Coatings.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originally
D2372 Practice for Separation of Vehicle From Solvent-
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2205 – 85 (2004).
Reducible Paints
DOI: 10.1520/D2205-85R10.
2 D4061 Test Method for Retroreflectance of Horizontal Coat-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM ings
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
E97 Method of Test for Directional Reflectance Factor,
the ASTM website.
3 45-Deg 0-Deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. Filter Reflectometry (Withdrawn 1991)
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2205 − 85 (2010)
E308 PracticeforComputingtheColorsofObjectsbyUsing 7. Coarse Particles
the CIE System
7.1 Paints must be free of oversize particles and foreign
2.2 U.S. Federal Test Methods Standard 141B:
matter to avoid clogging application equipment, a typical
4121 Dry Opacity
maximum being 1 % by weight of total paint. The referenced
test with a 325-mesh (45-µm) screen gives the percent of this
3. Terminology
material in the paint.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions used in this guide, refer to
7.2 Determine coarse particles in accordance with Test
Terminology C219, D8, and D16.
Methods D185.
4. Summary of Guide
NOTE 1—This test is not used for traffic paint containing pre-mixed
glass beads.
4.1 This guide consists of the following tests that, although
not exhaustive, cover the areas normally of concern in traffic
8. Fineness of Dispersion
paint testing:
8.1 The more finely a pigment is dispersed, the more
Sections
efficiently it is being used. One method for measuring the
Liquid Paint Properties 6 through 11
Application and Appearance Properties 12 through 17 degree of dispersion (commonly referred to as “fineness of
Properties of the Dried Film 18 through 20
grind”) is to draw the material down a calibrated, tapered
Analysis of Paint 21 through 24
groove in a hardened steel block with the groove varying in
Field Evaluations 25 through 29
depth from 4 to 0 mils (100 to 0 µm). The point at which
5. Conditions Affecting Traffic Paint
continuous groupings of particles or agglomerates, or both,
protrude through the surface of the liquid is taken as the
5.1 Practical requirements for traffic paint may vary with:
fineness reading. Lower readings in mils or micrometres or
5.1.1 Substrate type, such as portland cement and asphaltic
higher reading in Hegman units indicate better fineness of
concretes, and the various coarse aggregates used therein.
dispersion.
5.1.2 Climatic conditions, both generally and specifically, at
the time of paint application.
8.2 Fineness of grind is not generally specified for traffic
5.1.3 Service density, such as heavy traffic areas in cities
paint but some application equipment may require a limit of 1
versus lightly traveled rural highways and parking lots.
to 2 Hegman units (3 to 3.5 mils, 75 to 90 µm). If additional
5.1.4 Traffic type, whether light passenger cars or heavy
assurance is needed that the paint will not clog application
trucks and airplanes.
equipment, determine the fineness in accordance with Test
5.1.5 Presenceofforeignmatterontheroadsurface,suchas
Method D1210 after reducing the traffic paint with mineral
oil, old paint, skid marks, sand, salt, concrete curing com-
spirits, or compatible aromatic solvent with a similar evapora-
pound, etc.
tionrate,tokeepthefilmwetlongenoughtodeterminetheend
point more easily. When a premix traffic paint is being tested,
5.2 New portland cement concrete surfaces have a greater
conduct the test on the paint before addition of the beads.
degree of moisture and alkalinity than older surfaces and
thereby adversely affect paint adhesion. Paint adhesion is also
9. Density or Weight per Gallon
affected by the ratio of cement to fine aggregate, coarse
9.1 Density as measured by weight per unit volume is not a
aggregate, and mixing water, as well as by the surface
performance characteristic but is used to check product unifor-
character of the aggregate that can range from impervious
smooth quartz to irregular, porous slag. mity from batch to batch.Acalibrated weight per gallon cup is
used.
LIQUID PAINT PROPERTIES
9.2 For an unbeaded paint, determine the density in accor-
dance with Test Method D1475.
6. Skinning
9.3 For beaded paints, use a special weight-per-gallon cup
6.1 Paints containing a binder that dries by oxidation are
having a modified cap so that the beads do not interfere with a
subjecttoskinformationinapartiallyfilledcanorbydiffusion
snug fit of the cap to the cup. Proceed in accordance with Test
of air into a filled can. Since skins are insoluble in the paint
Method D1475.
they must be removed before use. The referenced test employs
a partially filled container to indicate the tendency of a paint to
10. Consistency
skin. A typical minimum time for skinning is 18 to 24 h.
10.1 Paints of a given type should fall within a stated
6.2 Examine the original sample for skins both on the
consistency range as agreed upon between the purchaser and
surface and in the mass. Using a well-mixed, skin-free portion
the seller. Consistency is used mainly to ensure product
of the sample, perform a skinning test in accordance with
Guide D154, except use a 0.5-L (1-pt) friction-top can instead
of an 0.25-L (8-oz) jar.
The sole source of supply of the satisfactory modified cup known to the
committee at this time is BYK-Gardner, Inc., Gardner Laboratory, 2435 Linden
Lane, Silver Spring, MD 20910. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:// receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,
dodssp.daps.dla.mil. which you may attend.
D2205 − 85 (2010)
uniformity. Improper consistency, however, can adversely usually as important as how closely a paint matches a standard.
affect application properties, and in turn, paint performance. Color difference between a product and a standard can be
determined visually or with less elaborate instruments than for
10.2 DetermineconsistencyusingtheStormerviscometerin
color measurement. Visual comparison of color is fast and
accordance with Test Method D562. If the requirement is in
often acceptable although numerical values are not obtained.
Krebs units, Table 1 of Test Method D562 permits changing
Color difference instruments, while not more sensitive than the
seconds to KU.
eye, provide numerical values that can be subsequently com-
pared to later measurements.
11. Package Stability
15.2 If required, determine the color in terms of tristimulus
11.1 Since paints are not normally used immediately after
values or chromaticity coordinates in accordance with Practice
manufacture, they must remain stable in the can for some time,
E308.
which for traffic paints does not generally exceed 6 months.
Although package stability can usually be determined by
15.3 Determine color difference by visual comparison
alternatively heating and cooling a specimen, occasionally the
against standard color chips in accordance with Practice
resultsdonotcoincidewithstorageatnormaltemperature.The
D1729. This practice covers the spectral photometric, and
referenced methods determine the degree of pigment settling
geometric characteristics of light source, illuminating and
after 2 weeks cycling or after 6 months storage at room
viewing conditions, size of specimens, and general procedures
temperature. These are usually sufficient as it is difficult to rate
to be used in the visual evaluation of color differences of
numerically the ease of redispersing an aged traffic paint.
opaque materials.
11.2 Determine the degree of pigment settling in the accel-
15.4 Determine color difference instrumentally in accor-
erated test in accordance with Test Method D1309. Determine
dance with Practice D2244. The method covers the instrumen-
the degree of pigment settling and ease of remixing a shelf-
tal measurement of small color differences observable in
aged specimen in accordance with Test Method D869.
daylight illumination between nonfluorescent, nonmetameric,
opaque surfaces.
APPLICATION AND APPEARANCE PROPERTIES
16. Reflectance
12. Drying Time
16.1 Reflectance is a measure of the light reflected from the
12.1 The drying time of a traffic paint is particularly
surface of a paint. It determines which of two specimens
important because it determines how quickly a lane can be
appears lighter when viewed in average daylight at an angle
openedtofreeflowoftrafficwithoutthepaintbeingtransferred
that eliminates gloss effects.
to adjacent pavement.
16.2 Determine the green filter reflectance in accordance
12.2 Thoughno-pick-uptimeasdeterminedbyTestMethod
with Test Method E97.
D711 has no direct correlation with field application, it is
employed as a quality control test.
17. Night Visibility or Retroreflectance of Beaded Paints
at Low Angles
13. Bleeding
17.1 This property is important to traffic paint but visibility
13.1 Bleeding refers to the passage of colored matter such
at night is not related to daylight reflectance. The retroreflec-
as bitumen from an asphalt pavement through the traffic paint
tance evaluation of test panels coated with traffic paint should
film. It is a function of the age of the asphalt, its compatibility
be in accordance with Test Method D4061. Such panels can
with the paint, and the speed of drying of the paint. Typical
serve as controls in monitoring the application of traffic paint
traffic paints give results of 6 to 10 on an arbitrary scale of
and can be helpful in correlating visual ratings with absolute
photographic standards where 10 is no bleeding and 2 is
values.
considerable bleeding. Determine bleeding in accordance with
Test Methods D868 and D969.
PROPERTIES OF THE DRIED FILM
14. Hiding Power
18. Resistance to Wear
14.1 Hiding power or opacity is a measure of the ability of
18.1 Resistance to wear is a measure of the ability of the
a paint to hide the substrate. It varies, naturally, with the
dried film to withstand wear from traffic and from objects
thicknessoftheappliedfilmthatmaybeinfluencedbytheflow
rolled or pulled across the surface. In the referenced method
and application properties of the paint.
abrasive is poured onto a dry film on a glass panel until the
14.2 Determine the dry hiding power of traffic paints in
paintisremoved.Atypicalvaluefortrafficpaintis65Lofsand
accordance with Procedure A, Method 4121 of U.S. Federal
TestMethodStandard 141B.(Thismethodisbeingrewrittenin
ASTM form.) 6
The sole source of supply of the standard yellow color chips known to the
committee at this time is Traffic Control Systems Div., HTO-20, Office of Traffic
15. Color and Color Difference Operations, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC 20590. If you are
aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-
15.1 The color of a paint may be determined precisely by
tional Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting
means of a spectrophotometer. However, the exact co
...
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