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ASTM C1663-09

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measuring Waste Glass or Glass Ceramic Durability by Vapor Hydration Test

Standard Test Method for Measuring Waste Glass or Glass Ceramic Durability by Vapor Hydration Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The vapor hydration test can be used to study the corrosion of glass and glass ceramic waste forms under conditions of high temperature and contact by water vapor or thin films of water. This method may serve as an accelerated test for some materials, since the high temperatures will accelerate thermally activated processes. A wide range of test temperatures have been reported in the literature –40°C (Ebert et al, 2005 (3), for example) to 300°C (Vienna et al, 2001 (4), for example). It should be noted that with increased test temperature comes the possibility of changing the corrosion rate determining mechanism and the types of phases formed upon alteration from those that occur in the disposal environment (Vienna et al, 2001 (4)).
The vapor hydration test can be used as a screening test to determine the propensity of waste forms to alter and for relative comparisons in alteration rates between waste forms.
SCOPE
1.1 The vapor hydration test method can be used to study the corrosion of a waste forms such as glasses and glass ceramics upon exposure to water vapor at elevated temperatures. In addition, the alteration phases that form can be used as indicators of those phases that may form under repository conditions. These tests; which allow altering of glass at high surface area to solution volume ratio; provide useful information regarding the alteration phases that are formed, the disposition of radioactive and hazardous components, and the alteration kinetics under the specific test conditions. This information may be used in performance assessment (McGrail et al, 2002 (1) for example).
1.2 This test method must be performed in accordance with all quality assurance requirements for acceptance of the data.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2009
ICS
81.040.10 - Raw materials and raw glass
Technical Committee
C26 - Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Drafting Committee
C26.13 - Spent Fuel and High Level Waste
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C1663-17 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Waste Glass or Glass Ceramic Durability by Vapor Hydration Test
Effective Date
01-Nov-2017
Referred By
ASTM C1174-20 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Long-Term Behavior of Materials Used in Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) for Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009

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ASTM C1663-09 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Waste Glass or Glass Ceramic Durability by Vapor Hydration TestASTM C1663-09 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Waste Glass or Glass Ceramic Durability by Vapor Hydration Test
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ASTM C1663-09 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Waste Glass or Glass Ceramic Durability by Vapor Hydration Test
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1663 − 09
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Waste Glass or Glass Ceramic Durability by
1
Vapor Hydration Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1663; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.1 The vapor hydration test method can be used to study
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
the corrosion of a waste forms such as glasses and glass
2
ceramics upon exposure to water vapor at elevated tempera-
3. Terminology
tures.Inaddition,thealterationphasesthatformcanbeusedas
indicators of those phases that may form under repository
3.1 Definitions:
conditions. These tests; which allow altering of glass at high
3.1.1 alteration layer—a layer of alteration products at the
surface area to solution volume ratio; provide useful informa-
surface of specimen. Several distinct layers may form at the
tion regarding the alteration phases that are formed, the surface and within cracks in the glass. Layers may be com-
disposition of radioactive and hazardous components, and the
prisedofdiscretecrystallites.Thethicknessoftheselayersmay
alteration kinetics under the specific test conditions. This be used to estimate the amount of glass altered.
information may be used in performance assessment (McGrail
3.1.2 alteration products—crystalline or amorphous phases
3
et al, 2002 (1) for example).
formed as a result of glass interaction with an aqueous
1.2 This test method must be performed in accordance with environment by precipitation from solution or by in situ
all quality assurance requirements for acceptance of the data. transformation of the chemically altered solid.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.3 glass—an inorganic product of fusion that has cooled
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the to a rigid condition without crystallizing. C162
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4 glass ceramic—solid material, partly crystalline and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
partly glassy, formed by the controlled crystallization of a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
glass. C162
3.1.5 glasstransitiontemperature—onheating,thetempera-
2. Referenced Documents
tureatwhichaglasstransformsfromanelastictoaviscoelastic
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
material, characterized by the onset of a rapid change in
C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
thermal expansivity. C162
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-
3.1.6 immobilized low-activity waste—vitrified low-activity
tivity of Water
fraction of waste presently contained in Hanford Site tanks.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
3.1.7 performance assessment—examines the long-term en-
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in vironmental and human health effects associated with the
planned disposal of waste. Mann et al, 2001 (2)
3.1.8 sample—initial test material with known composition.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear
Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.13 on Spent Fuel
3.1.9 specimen—specimen is a part of the sample used for
and High Level Waste.
testing.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. DOI: 10.1520/
C1663-09.
3.1.10 traceable standard—a material that supplies a link to
2
The precision and bias statements are only valid for glass waste forms at this
known test response in standards international units by a
time. The test may be (and has been) performed on other waste forms; however, the
national or international standards body, for example, NIST.
precision of such tests are currently unknown.
3
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
3.2 Abbreviations:
this standard.
4 3.2.1 DIW—ASTM Type I deionized water
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.2 EDS—energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 3.2.3 OM—optical microscopy
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1663 − 09
3.2.4 OM/IA—optical microscope connected to an image 6.2 Balance(s)—Any calibrated two-point (0.00 grams) bal-
analysis system ance.
3.2.5
...

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Standard Test Method for Measuring Waste Glass or Glass Ceramic Durability by Vapor Hydration Test

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5.1 The vapor hydration test can be used to study the corrosion of glass and glass ceramic waste forms under conditions of high temperature and contact by water vapor or thin films of water. This method may serve as an accelerated test for some materials, since the high temperatures will accelerate thermally activated processes. A wide range of test temperatures have been reported in the literature –40°C (Ebert et al, 2005 (3), for example) to 300°C (Vienna et al, 2001 (4), for example). It should be noted that with increased test temperature comes the possibility of changing the corrosion rate determining mechanism and the types of phases formed upon alteration from those that occur in the disposal environment (Vienna et al, 2001 (4)).  
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5.1 This test method provides a description of the design of the Stirred Reactor Coupon Analysis (SRCA) apparatus and identifies aspects of the performance of the SRCA tests and interpretation of the test results that must be addressed by the experimenter to provide confidence in the measured dissolution rate.  
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Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soda-Lime and Borosilicate Glass

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3.1 These test methods can be used to ensure that the chemical composition of the glass meets the compositional specification required for the finished glass product.  
3.2 These test methods do not preclude the use of other methods that yield results within permissible variations. In any case, the analyst should verify the procedure and technique employed by means of a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference material having a component comparable with that of the material under test. A list of standard reference materials is given in the NIST Special Publication 260,3 current edition.  
3.3 Typical examples of products manufactured using soda-lime silicate glass are containers, tableware, and flat glass.  
3.4 Typical examples of products manufactured using borosilicate glass are bakeware, labware, and fiberglass.  
3.5 Typical examples of products manufactured using fluoride opal glass are containers, tableware, and decorative glassware.
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1.1 These test methods cover the quantitative chemical analysis of soda-lime and borosilicate glass compositions for both referee and routine analysis. This would be for the usual constituents present in glasses of the following types: (1) soda-lime silicate glass, (2) soda-lime fluoride opal glass, and (3) borosilicate glass. The following common oxides, when present in concentrations greater than indicated, are known to interfere with some of the determinations in this method: 2 % barium oxide (BaO), 0.2 % phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5), 0.05 % zinc oxide (ZnO), 0.05 % antimony oxide (Sb2O3), 0.05 % lead oxide (PbO).  
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Sections  
Procedures for Referee Analysis:  
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10  
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SO3 (Total Sulfur)  
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As2O3 by Volumetric Method  
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Procedures for Routine Analysis:  
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42 – 44  
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and BaO, Na2O, and K2O by Gravimetric Method  
45 – 51  
BaO, Al2O3, CaO, and MgO by Atomic Absorption; and
Na2O and K2O by Flame Emission Spectroscopy  
52 – 59  
SO3 (Total Sulfur)  
60  
B2O3  
61 – 62  
Fluorine by Pyrohydrolysis Separation and Specific Ion
Electrode Measurement  
63 – 66  
P2O5 by the Molybdo-Vanadate Method  
67 – 70  
Colorimetric Determination of Ferrous Iron Using 1,10
Phenanthroline  
71 – 76  
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Standard Practices for Measurement of Liquidus Temperature of Glass by the Gradient Furnace Method

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Note 1: These terms are defined in Terminology C162.  
1.2 Two methods are included, differing in the type of sample, apparatus, procedure for positioning the sample, and measurement of temperature gradient in the furnace. Both methods have comparable precision. Method B is preferred for very fluid glasses because it minimizes thermal and mechanical mixing effects.  
1.2.1 Method A employs a trough-type platinum container (tray) in which finely screened glass particles are fused into a thin lath configuration defined by the trough.  
1.2.2 Method B employs a perforated platinum tray on which larger screened particles are positioned one per hole on the plate and are therefore melted separately from each other.2  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C729-11(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density of Glass by the Sink-Float Comparator

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The sink-float comparator method of test for glass density provides the most accurate (yet convenient for practical applications) method of evaluating the density of small pieces or specimens of glass. The data obtained are useful for daily quality control of production, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and for special purposes in research and development.  
4.2 Although this test scope is limited to a density range from 1.1 g/cm3 to 3.3 g/cm3, it may be extended (in principle) to higher densities by the use of other miscible liquids (Test Method F77) such as water and thallium malonate-formate (approximately 5.0 g/cm3). The stability of the liquid and the precision of the test may be reduced somewhat, however, at higher densities.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of glass or nonporous solids of density from 1.1 g/cm 3 to 3.3 g/cm 3. It can be used to determine the apparent density of ceramics or solids, preferably of known porosity.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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