ASTM D5362-03(2012)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Snagging Resistance of Fabrics (Bean Bag)
Standard Test Method for Snagging Resistance of Fabrics (Bean Bag)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Acceptance Testing—This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabrics because the precision is acceptable (see 15.1).
If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal number to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
This test method may be used for quality control testing of fabrics during manufacturing and product comparisons of different fabrics by manufacturers, retailers, and users. This test method may also be used by researchers to examine the effect of new fibers, yarns, fabric constructions, and finishes on the snagging resistance of fabrics.
This test method may be used to test the snagging resistance of most apparel and home furnishings fabrics. However, a different test method (see 5.3.1) may be needed for different types of fabrics and different end-uses (such as towels, swimwear, slacks, and upholstery).
Some fabrics which may not be suitable for this test method are described in 1.2. Many open construction fabrics can be tested for snagging resistance using AATCC Test Method 65. Many heavy or stiff fabrics can be tested for snagging resistance using Test Method D3939. The snagging resistance of many pile floor coverings can be tested by Test Method D1335.
Because fabric snagging c...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the snagging resistance of a fabric.
1.2 Studies of fabric snagging have shown that this test method is suitable for a range of woven and knitted fabrics made from textured or untextured filament yarns or spun yarns or combinations of these yarns. , This test method is not suitable for (1) open construction fabrics (such as a net) because the pins in the test chamber will snag the bean bag rather than the specimen, (2) heavy or stiff fabrics that cannot be made into a cover for the bean bag, and (3) tufted or nonwoven fabrics because the apparatus is designed for woven and knitted fabrics.
1.3 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be the exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way. In case of referee decisions the metric units will prevail.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5362 − 03(Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Snagging Resistance of Fabrics (Bean Bag)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5362; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1335 Test Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Yarn Floor
Coverings
1.1 Thistestmethoddeterminesthesnaggingresistanceofa
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
fabric.
D2724 Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and Laminated
1.2 Studies of fabric snagging have shown that this test
Apparel Fabrics
method is suitable for a range of woven and knitted fabrics
D3136 Terminology Relating to Care Labeling for Apparel,
made from textured or untextured filament yarns or spun yarns
Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather Products
2,3
or combinations of these yarns. This test method is not
D3939 Test Method for Snagging Resistance of Fabrics
suitable for (1) open construction fabrics (such as a net)
(Mace)
because the pins in the test chamber will snag the bean bag
D4467 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
rather than the specimen, (2) heavy or stiff fabrics that cannot
Method That Produces Non-Normally Distributed Data
be made into a cover for the bean bag, and (3) tufted or
(Withdrawn 2010)
nonwoven fabrics because the apparatus is designed for woven
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
and knitted fabrics.
Methods
1.3 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in
2.2 AATCC Standards:
other units shall be regarded separately as standard.The values
65 Test Method for Snag Resistance of Women’s Nylon
stated in each system may not be the exact equivalents;
Hosiery (see Note 1)
therefore,eachsystemmustbeusedindependentlyoftheother,
135 Test Method for Dimensional Changes in Automatic
without combining values in any way. In case of referee
Home Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics
decisions the metric units will prevail.
NOTE 1—In 1988 theAATCC voted to withdraw this test method from
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
their technical manual; however, theASTM task group on fabric snagging
decided it should be listed as an alternative for testing open construction
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
fabrics.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
3.1 Definitions:
tionary statements are given in Section 7.
3.1.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this test
2. Referenced Documents method: color contrast, in textiles; distortion in fabrics;
4 protrusion, in fabrics; snag, in fabrics; snagging resistance, in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fabrics; refer to Terminology D4850.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
3.1.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
method, refer to Terminology D123.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
4. Summary of Test Method
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
General.
4.1 A fabric specimen is made into a cover for a bean bag.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally
ε1
Then the specimen and bean bag unit is tumbled for 100
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5362 – 03(2008) .
DOI: 10.1520/D5362-03R12.
revolutions in a cylindrical test chamber fitted on its inner
Stuckey, W. C., and El Shiekh, A., “Snags in Snag Testing of Knits”, in Sense
surface with rows of pins. The degree of fabric snagging is
and Nonsense in Knit Testing , American Association of Textile Chemists and
Colorists, 1975, pp. 45–53.
Cary, R.T., “Bean Bag SnagTester:ASystem of Evaluation”, Textile Research
Journal, Vol 51, No. 2, 1981, pp. 61–63. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
For referencedASTM standards, visist theASTM Web Site, www.astm.org, or www.astm.org.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://
the ASTM web site. www.aatcc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5362 − 03 (2012)
evaluated by (1) comparison of the tested specimens with 5.3.1 Some fabrics which may not be suitable for this test
visual rating standards that may be either snagged fabrics or method are described in 1.2. Many open construction fabrics
photographs of snagged fabrics, or (2) using a point system. can be tested for snagging resistance using AATCC Test
The resistance to snagging is rated on a numerical scale Method 65. Many heavy or stiff fabrics can be tested for
ranging from 5 (no or insignificant snagging) to 1 (very severe snagging resistance using Test Method D3939. The snagging
snagging). resistance of many pile floor coverings can be tested by Test
Method D1335.
5. Significance and Use
5.4 Because fabric snagging can be affected by laundering
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This test method may be used for or drycleaning, it may be advisable to test the snagging
acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabrics because
resistance of a fabric before and after laundering or dryclean-
the precision is acceptable (see 15.1). ing.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
5.5 The snagging resistance of a specific fabric varies with
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
individual wearers and general conditions of use. Therefore, it
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
can be expected that garments of the same fabric will show a
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
fairly wide snagging resistance spectrum after wear and much
assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a com-
greater variation in wear than in replicate fabric specimens
parative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from
subjected to controlled laboratory tests. This factor should be
thesamelotofmaterialasthesamplesthatresultedindisparate
considered when adopting levels of acceptability for any
results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal
specification that includes snagging resistance.
number to each laboratory. The test results from the laborato-
5.6 Snags observed in worn garments vary appreciably in
ries involved should be compared using a statistical test for
number and appearance. The appearance of a snag depends
unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing
particularly on (1) the degree of color contrast between the
series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and
snag and the surrounding area of the fabric, or, (2) the
corrected, or future test results for that material must be
presence of long distortions or long protrusions. These condi-
adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
tions are not evaluated when snagging is rated solely on the
5.2 This test method may be used for quality control testing
number of snags. See Section 3 for a description of terminol-
of fabrics during manufacturing and product comparisons of
ogy such as color contrast, distortion, and protrusion See Figs.
differentfabricsbymanufacturers,retailers,andusers.Thistest
1-3 . Because the overall acceptability of a specific fabric is
method may also be used by researchers to examine the effect
dependent on both the characteristics of the snags and other
of new fibers, yarns, fabric constructions, and finishes on the
factors affecting fabric appearance, it is recommended that
snagging resistance of fabrics.
fabrics tested in the laboratory be evaluated with regard to the
5.3 This test method may be used to test the snagging defectswhichmaybevisuallyobservedandnotratedsolelyon
resistance of most apparel and home furnishings fabrics. the number of snags developed. A series of visual rating
However, a different test method (see 5.3.1) may be needed for standards (see 6.7) may be set up to provide a basis for the
differenttypesoffabricsanddifferentend-uses(suchastowels, ratings. The visual rating standards are most advantageous
swimwear, slacks, and upholstery). when the tested laboratory specimens correlate closely in
FIG. 1 A Snagged Specimen With Many Protrusion But No Dis-
tortions
D5362 − 03 (2012)
FIG. 4 The Bean Bag Snag Tester With Two Test Chambers
FIG. 2 A Snag That Includes Both a Protrusion and a Distortion
a snagging basket which is a removable framework of eight
baffle bars attached at each end to plastic disks. Each baffle bar
has a series of nine pins protruding from it. Each baffle bar is
locked in the plastic disks so that when a baffle bar is exactly
at the bottom of the cylinder, an angle of 0.5 6 0.1 rad or 30
65°existsbetweenthepinsonthatbafflebarandatheoretical
horizontal line passing through the end of the baffle bar.
6.1.1 Bean Bags , filled with shot and each weighing 450 6
10gor1.0 60.02lb.Aminimumoftwobeanbagsisrequired,
but six bean bags are suggested for efficiency.
6.2 Specimen Template,madeofapproximately2mmor0.1
in. thick poster board, plastic or metal with dimensions of 215
mm by 115 mm or 8.5 in. by 4.5 in.
6.3 Sewing Machine, with a sewing needle that is appropri-
ate for the fabric being tested for snagging resistance, or
6.4 Sharps Hand Sewing Needle.
6.5 SewingThread,cotton,Texticket35to50,orequivalent
FIG. 3 A Snagged Specimen With Color Contrasts (Yarn Shifted
polyester and cotton.
from Dark Area to Light Area
6.6 Standard Calibration Fabric, having an established
snagging resistance rating that has been agreed upon by the
appearance with fabrics from a wear test; for example when
purchaser and the supplier. (No standard calibration fabric has
tested laboratory specimens and fabrics from a wear test show
been specified by Subcommittee D13.59.)
similar color contrasts. In the preceding example, a series of
fabricsfromtheweartestwouldbeagoodchoiceforthefabric 6.7 Visual Rating Standards (for Option A):
standards described in 6.7.2.Also a point rating system may be 6.7.1 Photographic Standards, a series of photographs of
usedthatconsidersthenumberofthesnagsandtheappearance
testedspecimensthatshowthedegreesofsnagging,suchasthe
of the snags. (See 13 for additional information about snags, Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) photographs, or
protrusions, distortions, and color contrasts. Also, see Figs.
6.7.2 Fabric Standards, a series of tested specimens or
1-3). fabrics from a wear test that show the degrees of snagging (see
5.6 and Note 2).
6. Apparatus and Materials
NOTE 2—Fabric standards should be stored and handled under condi-
6.1 Bean Bag Snag Tester , as shown in Fig. 4. Each
tions that will preserve their original form and appearance. Mount the
rotatingcylinder(2.1 60.3rad/sor20 63r/min)isfittedwith fabric standards using white poster board, plastic or metal framing.
7 8
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
is(SDLAtlasLLC,1813AAssociatedLane,Charlotte,NC28271).Ifyouareaware is(SDLAtlasLLC,1813AAssociatedLane,Charlotte,NC28271).Ifyouareaware
of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters.
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee. technical committee.
D5362 − 03 (2012)
6.8 Equipment for Fabric Evaluation for Option A, for photographic standards will need a mask with corresponding
illuminationandsimultaneousviewingofspecimensandvisual outer dimensions. All photographic standard viewing masks
rating standards: must have the same center cutout viewing dimensions as the
6.8.1 Apparatus for Fabric Evaluation: specimen viewing mask.
6.8.1.1 Viewing Cabinet , (see Fig. 5) having a single cool 6.8.1.4 Fabric Standard Viewing Mask (White), made of
white fluorescent tube with a correlated color temperature of approximately 2 mm or 0.1 in. thick poster board, plastic or
4100 to 4500 K. metal and with the outer dimensions the same as the dimen-
6.8.1.2 Specimen Viewing Mask (White), made of approxi- sionsofthefabricstandard(see6.7.2)andacentercutoutof75
mately 2 mm or 0.1 in. thick poster board, plastic or metal with mm by 75 mm or 3 in. by 3 in.
outer dimensions of 100 mm by 100 mm or 4 in. by 4 in. and
6.9 Equipment for Fabric Evaluation for Option B, for
a center cutout of 75 mm by 75 mm or 3 in. by 3 in.
illumination and viewing of specimens:
6.8.1.3 Photographic Standard Viewing Mask (White),
6.9.1 Desk Lamp, having a single cool white fluorescent
made of approximately 2 mm or 0.1 in. thick poster board,
tube with a correlated color temperature of 4100 to 4500 K.
plastic or metal with outer dimensions of 130 mm by 95 mm or
6.9.2 Specimen Viewing Mask (White), made of approxi-
5.2 in. by 3.8 in. and a center cutout of 75 mm by 75 mm or 3
mately 2 mm or 0.1 in. thick poster board, plastic or metal with
in. by 3 in. The dimensions of this mask are for photographic
outer dimensions of 100 mm by 100 mm or 4 in. by 4 in. and
standards (see 6.7.1) which have outer dimensions of 130 mm
a center cutout of 75 mm by 75 mm or 3 in. by 3 in.
by 95 mm or 5.2 in. by 3.8 in. in size. Larger or smaller
6.10 Optional Equipment:
6.10.1 Tumble Dryer, as described in AATCC Test
Method 135.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
6.10.2 Washing Machine, as described in AATCC Test
is Standard Scientific Supply Company, 601 West Market Street, Bethlehem, PA
Method 135.
18018-5208. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this informa-
tion toASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
6.10.3 Detergent, heavy duty granule, the 1993 AATCC
meeting of the responsible technical committee.
Standard Reference Detergent as described in AATCC Test
Method 135. When agreed upon by the purchaser and the
supplier a substitute detergent that does not include fabric
softener or bleach may be used.
6.10.4 Equivalent for Drycleaning Speci
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