ASTM D5362-03(2008)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Snagging Resistance of Fabrics (Bean Bag)
Standard Test Method for Snagging Resistance of Fabrics (Bean Bag)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Acceptance Testing—This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabrics because the precision is acceptable (see 15.1).
If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal number to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
This test method may be used for quality control testing of fabrics during manufacturing and product comparisons of different fabrics by manufacturers, retailers, and users. This test method may also be used by researchers to examine the effect of new fibers, yarns, fabric constructions, and finishes on the snagging resistance of fabrics.
This test method may be used to test the snagging resistance of most apparel and home furnishings fabrics. However, a different test method (see 5.3.1) may be needed for different types of fabrics and different end-uses (such as towels, swimwear, slacks, and upholstery).
Some fabrics which may not be suitable for this test method are described in 1.2. Many open construction fabrics can be tested for snagging resistance using AATCC Test Method 65. Many heavy or stiff fabrics can be tested for snagging resistance using Test Method D 3939. The snagging resistance of many pile floor coverings can be tested by Test Method D 1335.
Because fabric snagging...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the snagging resistance of a fabric.
1.2 Studies of fabric snagging have shown that this test method is suitable for a range of woven and knitted fabrics made from textured or untextured filament yarns or spun yarns or combinations of these yarns. , This test method is not suitable for (1) open construction fabrics (such as a net) because the pins in the test chamber will snag the bean bag rather than the specimen, (2) heavy or stiff fabrics that cannot be made into a cover for the bean bag, and (3) tufted or nonwoven fabrics because the apparatus is designed for woven and knitted fabrics.
1.3 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be the exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way. In case of referee decisions the metric units will prevail.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
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´1
Designation:D5362–03 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Snagging Resistance of Fabrics (Bean Bag)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5362; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Minor editorial corrections were made in October 2008.
1. Scope D1335 Test Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Yarn Floor
Coverings
1.1 Thistestmethoddeterminesthesnaggingresistanceofa
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
fabric.
D2724 Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and Laminated
1.2 Studies of fabric snagging have shown that this test
Apparel Fabrics
method is suitable for a range of woven and knitted fabrics
D3136 Terminology Relating to Care Labeling forApparel,
made from textured or untextured filament yarns or spun yarns
2,3
Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather Products
or combinations of these yarns. This test method is not
D3939 Test Method for Snagging Resistance of Fabrics
suitable for (1) open construction fabrics (such as a net)
(Mace)
because the pins in the test chamber will snag the bean bag
D4467 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
rather than the specimen, (2) heavy or stiff fabrics that cannot
Method That Produces Non-Normally Distributed Data
be made into a cover for the bean bag, and (3) tufted or
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
nonwoven fabrics because the apparatus is designed for woven
Methods
and knitted fabrics.
2.2 AATCC Standards:
1.3 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in
65 Test Method for Snag Resistance of Women’s Nylon
other units shall be regarded separately as standard.The values
Hosiery (see Note 1)
stated in each system may not be the exact equivalents;
135 Test Method for Dimensional Changes in Automatic
therefore,eachsystemmustbeusedindependentlyoftheother,
Home Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics
without combining values in any way. In case of referee
decisions the metric units will prevail.
NOTE 1—In 1988 theAATCC voted to withdraw this test method from
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
their technical manual; however, theASTM task group on fabric snagging
decided it should be listed as an alternative for testing open construction
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
fabrics.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
3.1 Definitions:
tionary statements are given in Section 7.
3.1.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this test
2. Referenced Documents method: color contrast, in textiles; distortion in fabrics; protru-
4 sion,infabrics;snag,infabrics;snaggingresistance,infabrics;
2.1 ASTM Standards:
refer to Terminology D4850.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
3.1.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
method, refer to Terminology D123.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
4. Summary of Test Method
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
General.
4.1 A fabric specimen is made into a cover for a bean bag.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
Then the specimen and bean bag unit is tumbled for 100
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D5362 – 03(2004).
revolutions in a cylindrical test chamber fitted on its inner
DOI: 10.1520/D5362-03R08E01.
Stuckey, W. C., and El Shiekh,A., “Snags in Snag Testing of Knits”, in Sense
surface with rows of pins. The degree of fabric snagging is
and Nonsense in Knit Testing , American Association of Textile Chemists and
evaluated by (1) comparison of the tested specimens with
Colorists, 1975, pp. 45–53.
Cary, R. T., “Bean Bag Snag Tester: A System of Evaluation”, Textile
Research Journal, Vol 51, No. 2, 1981, pp. 61–63.
4 5
For referencedASTM standards, visist theASTM Web Site, www.astm.org, or Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM on www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O.
the ASTM web site. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
´1
D5362–03 (2008)
visual rating standards that may be either snagged fabrics or Method 65. Many heavy or stiff fabrics can be tested for
photographs of snagged fabrics, or (2) using a point system. snagging resistance using Test Method D3939. The snagging
The resistance to snagging is rated on a numerical scale resistance of many pile floor coverings can be tested by Test
ranging from 5 (no or insignificant snagging) to 1 (very severe Method D1335.
snagging).
5.4 Because fabric snagging can be affected by laundering
or drycleaning, it may be advisable to test the snagging
5. Significance and Use
resistance of a fabric before and after laundering or dryclean-
ing.
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This test method may be used for
5.5 The snagging resistance of a specific fabric varies with
acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabrics because
the precision is acceptable (see 15.1). individual wearers and general conditions of use. Therefore, it
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be- can be expected that garments of the same fabric will show a
fairly wide snagging resistance spectrum after wear and much
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is greater variation in wear than in replicate fabric specimens
subjected to controlled laboratory tests. This factor should be
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a com- considered when adopting levels of acceptability for any
specification that includes snagging resistance.
parative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from
thesamelotofmaterialasthesamplesthatresultedindisparate 5.6 Snags observed in worn garments vary appreciably in
results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal number and appearance. The appearance of a snag depends
number to each laboratory. The test results from the laborato- particularly on (1) the degree of color contrast between the
ries involved should be compared using a statistical test for snag and the surrounding area of the fabric, or, (2) the
unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing presence of long distortions or long protrusions. These condi-
series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and tions are not evaluated when snagging is rated solely on the
corrected, or future test results for that material must be number of snags. See Section 3 for a description of terminol-
adjusted in consideration of the known bias. ogy such as color contrast, distortion, and protrusion See Figs.
5.2 This test method may be used for quality control testing 1-3 . Because the overall acceptability of a specific fabric is
of fabrics during manufacturing and product comparisons of dependent on both the characteristics of the snags and other
differentfabricsbymanufacturers,retailers,andusers.Thistest factors affecting fabric appearance, it is recommended that
method may also be used by researchers to examine the effect fabrics tested in the laboratory be evaluated with regard to the
of new fibers, yarns, fabric constructions, and finishes on the defectswhichmaybevisuallyobservedandnotratedsolelyon
snagging resistance of fabrics. the number of snags developed. A series of visual rating
5.3 This test method may be used to test the snagging standards (see 6.7) may be set up to provide a basis for the
resistance of most apparel and home furnishings fabrics. ratings. The visual rating standards are most advantageous
However, a different test method (see 5.3.1) may be needed for when the tested laboratory specimens correlate closely in
differenttypesoffabricsanddifferentend-uses(suchastowels, appearance with fabrics from a wear test; for example when
swimwear, slacks, and upholstery). tested laboratory specimens and fabrics from a wear test show
5.3.1 Some fabrics which may not be suitable for this test similar color contrasts. In the preceding example, a series of
method are described in 1.2. Many open construction fabrics fabricsfromtheweartestwouldbeagoodchoiceforthefabric
can be tested for snagging resistance using AATCC Test standards described in 6.7.2.Also a point rating system may be
FIG. 1 A Snagged Specimen With Many Protrusion But No
Distortions
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D5362–03 (2008)
FIG. 4 The Bean Bag Snag Tester With Two Test Chambers
FIG. 2 A Snag That Includes Both a Protrusion and a Distortion
65°existsbetweenthepinsonthatbafflebarandatheoretical
horizontal line passing through the end of the baffle bar.
6.1.1 Bean Bags , filled with shot and each weighing 450 6
10gor1.0 60.02lb.Aminimumoftwobeanbagsisrequired,
but six bean bags are suggested for efficiency.
6.2 Specimen Template,madeofapproximately2mmor0.1
in. thick poster board, plastic or metal with dimensions of 215
mm by 115 mm or 8.5 in. by 4.5 in.
6.3 Sewing Machine, with a sewing needle that is appropri-
ate for the fabric being tested for snagging resistance, or
6.4 Sharps Hand Sewing Needle.
6.5 SewingThread,cotton,Texticket35to50,orequivalent
polyester and cotton.
6.6 Standard Calibration Fabric, having an established
snagging resistance rating that has been agreed upon by the
purchaser and the supplier. (No standard calibration fabric has
been specified by Subcommittee D13.59.)
FIG. 3 A Snagged Specimen With Color Contrasts (Yarn Shifted
6.7 Visual Rating Standards (for Option A):
from Dark Area to Light Area
6.7.1 Photographic Standards, a series of photographs of
testedspecimensthatshowthedegreesofsnagging,suchasthe
usedthatconsidersthenumberofthesnagsandtheappearance
Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) photographs, or
of the snags. (See 13 for additional information about snags,
6.7.2 Fabric Standards, a series of tested specimens or
protrusions, distortions, and color contrasts. Also, see Figs.
fabrics from a wear test that show the degrees of snagging (see
1-3).
5.6 and Note 2).
6. Apparatus and Materials
NOTE 2—Fabric standards should be stored and handled under condi-
7 tions that will preserve their original form and appearance. Mount the
6.1 Bean Bag Snag Tester , as shown in Fig. 4. Each
fabric standards using white poster board, plastic or metal framing.
rotatingcylinder(2.1 60.3rad/sor20 63r/min)isfittedwith
6.8 Equipment for Fabric Evaluation for Option A, for
a snagging basket which is a removable framework of eight
baffle bars attached at each end to plastic disks. Each baffle bar illuminationandsimultaneousviewingofspecimensandvisual
rating standards:
has a series of nine pins protruding from it. Each baffle bar is
locked in the plastic disks so that when a baffle bar is exactly 6.8.1 Apparatus for Fabric Evaluation:
at the bottom of the cylinder, an angle of 0.5 6 0.1 rad or 30
7 8
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
is(SDLAtlasLLC,1813AAssociatedLane,Charlotte,NC28271).Ifyouareaware is(SDLAtlasLLC,1813AAssociatedLane,Charlotte,NC28271).Ifyouareaware
of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters.
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee. technical committee.
´1
D5362–03 (2008)
6.8.1.1 Viewing Cabinet , (see Fig. 5) having a single cool 6.8.1.4 Fabric Standard Viewing Mask (White), made of
white fluorescent tube with a correlated color temperature of approximately 2 mm or 0.1 in. thick poster board, plastic or
4100 to 4500 K. metal and with the outer dimensions the same as the dimen-
6.8.1.2 Specimen Viewing Mask (White), made of approxi- sionsofthefabricstandard(see6.7.2)andacentercutoutof75
mately 2 mm or 0.1 in. thick poster board, plastic or metal with mm by 75 mm or 3 in. by 3 in.
outer dimensions of 100 mm by 100 mm or 4 in. by 4 in. and 6.9 Equipment for Fabric Evaluation for Option B, for
a center cutout of 75 mm by 75 mm or 3 in. by 3 in. illumination and viewing of specimens:
6.8.1.3 Photographic Standard Viewing Mask (White), 6.9.1 Desk Lamp, having a single cool white fluorescent
made of approximately 2 mm or 0.1 in. thick poster board, tube with a correlated color temperature of 4100 to 4500 K.
plastic or metal with outer dimensions of 130 mm by 95 mm or 6.9.2 Specimen Viewing Mask (White), made of approxi-
5.2 in. by 3.8 in. and a center cutout of 75 mm by 75 mm or 3 mately 2 mm or 0.1 in. thick poster board, plastic or metal with
in. by 3 in. The dimensions of this mask are for photographic outer dimensions of 100 mm by 100 mm or 4 in. by 4 in. and
standards (see 6.7.1) which have outer dimensions of 130 mm a center cutout of 75 mm by 75 mm or 3 in. by 3 in.
by 95 mm or 5.2 in. by 3.8 in. in size. Larger or smaller 6.10 Optional Equipment:
photographic standards will need a mask with corresponding
6.10.1 Tumble Dryer, as described in AATCC Test
outer dimensions. All photographic standard viewing masks
Method 135.
must have the same center cutout viewing dimensions as the
6.10.2 Washing Machine, as described in AATCC Test
specimen viewing mask.
Method 135.
6.10.3 Detergent, heavy duty granule, the 1993 AATCC
Standard Reference Detergent as described in AATCC Test
Method 135. When agreed upon by the purchaser and the
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
is Standard Scientific Supply Company, 601 West Market Street, Bethlehem, PA supplier a substitute detergent that does not include fabric
18018-5208. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this informa-
softener or bleach may be used.
tion toASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
6.10.4 Equivalent for Drycleaning Specimens, as described
meeti
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D5362–97a Designation:D5362–03 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Snagging Resistance of Fabrics (Bean Bag)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5362; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Minor editorial corrections were made in October 2008.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the snagging resistance of a fabric.
1.2 Studies of fabric snagging have shown that this test method is suitable for a range of woven and knitted fabrics made from
,
2 3
textured or untextured filament yarns or spun yarns or combinations of these yarns. This test method is not suitable for (1) open
construction fabrics (such as a net) because the pins in the test chamber will snag the bean bag rather than the specimen, (2) heavy
or stiff fabrics that cannot be made into a cover for the bean bag, and (3) tufted or nonwoven fabrics because the apparatus is
designed for woven and knitted fabrics.
1.3 Thevaluesstatedineitheracceptablemetricunitsorinotherunitsshallberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Thevaluesstated
in each system may not be the exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without
combining values in any way. In case of referee decisions the metric units will prevail.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 1335 Test Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
D 1776Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D 2724 Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and Laminated Apparel Fabrics
D 3136Terminology Relating to Care Labels for Textile and Leather Products Other Than Textile Floor Coverings and
Upholstery Terminology Relating to Care Labeling for Apparel, Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather Products
D 3939 Test Method for Snagging Resistance of Fabrics (Mace)
D 4467Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method That Produces Non-Normally Distributed Data Practice
for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method That Produces Non-Normally Distributed Data
D 4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics
2.2 AATCC Standards:
65 Test Method for Snag Resistance of Women’s Nylon Hosiery (see Note 1)
135 Test Method for Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics
NOTE 1—In 1988 the AATCC voted to withdraw this test method from their technical manual; however, the ASTM task group on fabric snagging
decided it should be listed as an alternative for testing open construction fabrics.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
General.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1997.July 1, 2008. Published August 1998.October 2008. Originally published as D5362–93.approved in 1993. Last previous edition
D5362–97.approved in 2004 as D 5362 – 03(2004).
Stuckey, W. C., and El Shiekh, A., “Snags in Snag Testing of Knits”, in Sense and Nonsense in Knit Testing , American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists,
1975, pp. 45–53.
Cary, R. T., “Bean Bag Snag Tester: A System of Evaluation”, Textile Research Journal, Vol 51, No. 2, 1981, pp. 61–63.
For referenced ASTM standards, visist the ASTM Web Site, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards , Vol 07.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM web site.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
´1
D5362–03 (2008)
3.1.1color contrast, n—in textiles, a general term for a visible color difference between two adjacent areas.
3.1.1.1Discussion—For the purpose of this test method, a color contrast is a visible color difference between a snag and the
immediate surrounding area of the fabric that has no defects. Color contrasts often occur when printed fabrics are snagged.
3.1.2distortion, n—in fabrics, a general term for a visible defect in the texture of a fabric.
3.1.2.1Discussion—For the purpose of this test method, snags are composed of different combinations of protrusions and
distortions. A distortion is characterized by a group of fibers, a yarn, or a yarn segment that is displaced from its normal pattern
so that there is a visible change in the texture of the fabric; however, the displaced group of fibers, yarn, or yarn segment does not
extend above the fabric surface. Distortions include conditions where (1) tension on a snagged yarn has changed the size of some
of the loops within a knitted fabric and the result is a pucker on the surface of the fabric, and (2) tension on a snagged yarn has
caused the yarn to break off within a woven fabric and the result is a change in the texture where the yarn used to be.
3.1.3protrusion,n—infabrics,ageneraltermforavisiblegroupoffibers,ayarn,orayarnsegmentthatextendsabovethefabric
surface.
3.1.4snag, n—in fabrics, a yarn or part of a yarn pulled or plucked from the surface.
3.1.4.1Discussion—For the purpose of this test method, a snag is created when an object pulls, plucks, scratches, or drags a
group of fibers, a yarn, or a yarn segment from its normal pattern. Snags can be classified into three types: (1) snags that have a
protrusion and no distortion, (2) snags that have a distortion and no protrusion, and (3) snags that have both a protrusion and a
distortion.Otherchangesinappearance,suchascolorcontrasts,shouldbereportedbecausetheyaffectthevisibilityofaprotrusion
or a distortion.
3.1.5snagging resistance, n—in textile fabrics, the property of a material whereby yarns or parts of yarns are prevented or
inhibited from being pulled or plucked from the surface.
3.1.6For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method: color contrast, in textiles; distortion in fabrics; protrusion, in
fabrics; snag, in fabrics; snagging resistance, in fabrics; refer to Terminology D 4850.
3.1.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Afabric specimen is made into a cover for a bean bag. Then the specimen and bean bag unit is tumbled for 100 revolutions
in a cylindrical test chamber fitted on its inner surface with rows of pins. The degree of fabric snagging is evaluated by (1)
comparison of the tested specimens with visual rating standards that may be either snagged fabrics or photographs of snagged
fabrics, or (2) using a point system. The resistance to snagging is rated on a numerical scale ranging from 5 (no or insignificant
snagging) to 1 (very severe snagging).
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabrics because the
precision is acceptable (see 15.1).
5.1.1In case 5.1.1 If there are disputable differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories
(ormore),comparativetestsshouldbeperformedtodetermineifthereisastatisticalbiasbetweenthem,usingcompetentstatistical
assistance. As a minimum, specimens should be used use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as
possible, that are drawn from the same lot of material from which disputable test results were obtained, and that are as the samples
thatresultedindisparateresultsduringinitialtestingandrandomlyassignedinequalnumbersnumbertoeachlaboratoryfortesting.
laboratory. The test results from the two laboratories involved should be compared using an appropriate a statistical test for
unpaireddata,ataprobabilitylevelchosenpriortothetestingseries.Ifabiasisfound,eitheritscausemustbefoundandcorrected,
or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.2 This test method may be used for quality control testing of fabrics during manufacturing and product comparisons of
different fabrics by manufacturers, retailers, and users. This test method may also be used by researchers to examine the effect of
new fibers, yarns, fabric constructions, and finishes on the snagging resistance of fabrics.
5.3 This test method may be used to test the snagging resistance of most apparel and home furnishings fabrics. Modifications
of thisHowever, a different test method (see 5.3.1), or a different test method (see 5.3.2 and 5.3.3), may be needed for different
types of fabrics and different end-uses (such as towels, swimwear, slacks, and upholstery).
5.3.1For a specific fabric, if the test results from this test method do not correspond with the test results from a wear test then
(1) the procedure described in Section 12 or (2) the evaluation described in Section 13 can be modified. For example, the number
of revolutions of the test chamber for testing each specimen can be increased for a fabric that had a higher degree of snagging in
a wear test than the same fabric had using the procedure described in Section 12. The purchaser and the supplier must agree to
all changes in the procedure for operating the apparatus or for evaluating the test results.
5.3.2) may be needed for different types of fabrics and different end-uses (such as towels, swimwear, slacks, and upholstery).
5.3.1 Some fabrics which may not be suitable for this test method are described in 1.2. Many open construction fabrics can be
tested for snagging resistance using AATCC Test Method 65. Many heavy or stiff fabrics can be tested for snagging resistance
using Test Method D 3939. The snagging resistance of many pile floor coverings can be tested by Test Method D 1335.
5.3.3When the purchaser and the supplier agree that the test results from the bean bag test method do not correspond with the
´1
D5362–03 (2008)
test results from a wear test, Test Method D3939 can be used.
5.4 Because fabric snagging can be affected by laundering or drycleaning, it may be advisable to test the snagging resistance
of a fabric before and after laundering or drycleaning.
5.5 The snagging resistance of a specific fabric varies with individual wearers and general conditions of use. Therefore, it can
be expected that garments of the same fabric will show a fairly wide snagging resistance spectrum after wear and much greater
variation in wear than in replicate fabric specimens subjected to controlled laboratory tests.This factor should be considered when
adopting levels of acceptability for any specification that includes snagging resistance.
5.6 Snags observed in worn garments vary appreciably in number and appearance. The appearance of a snag depends
particularly on (1) the degree of color contrast between the snag and the surrounding area of the fabric, or, (2) the presence of
long distortions or long protrusions.These conditions are not evaluated when snagging is rated solely on the number of snags. See
Section 3 for a description of terminology such as color contrast, distortion, and protrusion. See Figs. 1-3 for pictures of fabric
defects due to snagging. Because the overall acceptability of a specific fabric is dependent on both the characteristics of the snags
and other factors affecting fabric appearance, it is recommended that fabrics tested in the laboratory be evaluated with regard to
the defects which may be visually observed and not rated solely on the number of snags developed. A series of visual rating
standards (see 6.7) may be set up to provide a basis for the ratings. The visual rating standards are most advantageous when the
tested laboratory specimens correlate closely in appearance with fabrics from a wear test; for example when tested laboratory
specimens and fabrics from a wear test show similar color contrasts. In the preceding example, a series of fabrics from the wear
test would be a good choice for the fabric standards described in 6.7.2.Also a point rating system may be used that considers the
number of the snags and the appearance of the snags (see 13.3.Also a point rating system may be used that considers the number
of the snags and the appearance of the snags. (See 13 for additional information about snags, protrusions, distortions, and color
contrasts. Also, see Figs. 1-3).
6. Apparatus and Materials
6.1 Bean Bag Snag Tester , as shown in Fig. 4. Each rotating cylinder (2.1 6 0.3 rad/s or 20 6 3 r/min) is fitted with a snagging
basket which is a removable framework of eight baffle bars attached at each end to plastic disks. Each baffle bar has a series of
nine pins protruding from it. Each baffle bar is locked in the plastic disks so that when a baffle bar is exactly at the bottom of the
cylinder, an angle of 0.5 6 0.1 rad or 30 6 5° exists between the pins on that baffle bar and a theoretical horizontal line passing
through the end of the baffle bar.
6.1.1 Bean Bags , filled with shot and each weighing 450 610gor1.0 6 0.02 lb. A minimum of two bean bags is required,
but six bean bags are suggested for efficiency.
6.2 Specimen Template, made of approximately 2 mm or 0.1 in. thick poster board, plastic or metal with dimensions of 215 mm
by 115 mm or 8.5 in. by 4.5 in.
6.3 Sewing Machine, with a sewing needle that is appropriate for the fabric being tested for snagging resistance, or
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is (SDLAtlas LLC, 1813AAssociated Lane, Charlotte, NC 28271). If you are aware
of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your commen
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