ASTM E1321-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread Properties
Standard Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread Properties
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method addresses the fundamental aspects of piloted ignition and flame spread. The procedure is suitable for the derivation of relevant material flammability parameters that include minimum exposure levels for ignition, thermal-inertia values, and flame-spread properties.
This test method is used to measure some material-flammability properties that are scientifically constant and compatible and to derive specific properties that allow the prediction and explanation of the flame-spread characteristics of materials. They are considered effective properties that are dependent on the correlations used and when combined with theory can be used over a wide range of fire conditions for predicting material ignition and flame-spread behavior.
Do not use this test method for products that do not have planar, or nearly planar, external surfaces and those products and assemblies in which physical performance such as joint separation and fastening methods has a significant influence on flame propagation in actual fire conditions.
5.4 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure (see also 1.6).
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response standard determines material properties related to piloted ignition of a vertically oriented sample under a constant and uniform heat flux and to lateral flame spread on a vertical surface due to an externally applied radiant-heat flux.
1.2 The results of this test method provide a minimum surface flux and temperature necessary for ignition ( ˙q"o,ig, Tig) and for lateral spread ( ˙q"o,s, Ts,min), an effective material thermal inertia value (kρc), and a flame-heating parameter (Φ) pertinent to lateral flame spread.
1.3 The results of this test method are potentially useful to predict the time to ignition, t ig, and the velocity, V, of lateral flame spread on a vertical surface under a specified external flux without forced lateral airflow. Use the equations in Appendix X1 that govern the ignition and flame-spread processes and which have been used to correlate the data.
1.4 This test method is potentially useful to obtain results of ignition and flame spread for materials. Data are reported in units for convenient use in current fire growth models.
1.5 SI units are used throughout the standard.
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
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Designation: E1321 − 09 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread Properties
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1321; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This fire test response standard determines material
E84Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
properties related to piloted ignition of a vertically oriented
Building Materials
sample under a constant and uniform heat flux and to lateral
E162Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials
flame spread on a vertical surface due to an externally applied
Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
radiant-heat flux.
E176Terminology of Fire Standards
1.2 The results of this test method provide a minimum
E286Test Method for Surface Flammability of Building
surface flux and temperature necessary for ignition (q˙" , T )
o,ig ig Materials Using an 8-ft (2.44-m) Tunnel Furnace (With-
3
and for lateral spread (q˙" , T ), an effective material
drawn 1991)
o,s s,min
thermal inertia value (kρc), and a flame-heating parameter (Φ)
E648Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-
pertinent to lateral flame spread.
Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
E970TestMethodforCriticalRadiantFluxofExposedAttic
1.3 The results of this test method are potentially useful to
Floor Insulation Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
predict the time to ignition, t , and the velocity, V, of lateral
ig
E1317Test Method for Flammability of Marine Surface
flame spread on a vertical surface under a specified external
Finishes
flux without forced lateral airflow. Use the equations in
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:ASTM
Appendix X1 that govern the ignition and flame-spread pro-
Detaileddrawings(19),constructioninformation,andparts
cesses and which have been used to correlate the data.
4
list (Adjunct to E1317)
1.4 Thistestmethodispotentiallyusefultoobtainresultsof
3. Terminology
ignition and flame spread for materials. Data are reported in
units for convenient use in current fire growth models.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
method, refer to Terminology E176.
1.5 SI units are used throughout the standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the
3.2.1 backing board, n—anoncombustibleinsulatingboard,
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
mounted behind the specimen during actual testing to satisfy
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
the theoretical analysis assumption of no heat loss through the
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
specimen. It shall be roughly 25 6 5 mm thick with a density
3
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
no greater than 200 6 50 kg/m .
actual fire conditions.
3.2.2 dummy specimen, n—a noncombustible insulating
board used for stabilizing the operating condition of the
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
equipment, roughly 20 6 5 mm in thickness with a density of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3
750 6 100 kg/m .
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The dummy specimen is mounted in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the apparatus in the position of the test specimen and removed
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
only when a test specimen is to be inserted. For the ignition
statements, see Section 7.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on Surface Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Burning. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1321–08. DOI: www.astm.org.
4
10.1520/E1321-09. Available from ASTM Headquarters. Order ADJE1317.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1321 − 09
tests, the dummy specimen board shall have a hole at the vertical air-gas fueled radiant-heat energy source inclined at
50-m
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:E 1321–08 Designation: E1321 – 09
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread Properties
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1321; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This fire test response standard determines material properties related to piloted ignition of a vertically oriented sample
under a constant and uniform heat flux and to lateral flame spread on a vertical surface due to an externally applied radiant-heat
flux.
1.2 The results of this test method provide a minimum surface flux and temperature necessary for ignition ( q˙9 , T ) and for
o,ig ig
lateralspread( q˙9 , T ),aneffectivematerialthermalinertiavalue(krc),andaflame-heatingparameter(F)pertinenttolateral
o,s s,min
flame spread.
1.3 The results of this test method are potentially useful to predict the time to ignition, t , and the velocity, V, of lateral flame
ig
spread on a vertical surface under a specified external flux without forced lateral airflow. Use the equations inAppendix X1 that
govern the ignition and flame-spread processes and which have been used to correlate the data.
1.4 This test method is potentially useful to obtain results of ignition and flame spread for materials. Data are reported in units
for convenient use in current fire growth models.
1.5 SI units are used throughout the standard.
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
E162 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
3
E286 Method of Test for Surface Flammability of Building Materials Using an 8-ft. (2.44 m) Tunnel Furnace
E648 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
E970 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Exposed Attic Floor Insulation Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
E1317 Test Method for Flammability of Marine Surface Finishes
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:ASTM
4
Detailed drawings (19), construction information, and parts list (Adjunct to E 1317)E1317)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology E 176E176.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 backing board, n—a noncombustible insulating board, mounted behind the specimen during actual testing to satisfy the
theoreticalanalysisassumptionofnoheatlossthroughthespecimen.Itshallberoughly25 65mmthickwithadensitynogreater
3
than 200 6 50 kg/m .
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on Surface Burning.
´1
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as E 1321–97a(2002) .
Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1321–08. DOI:
10.1520/E1321-09.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from ASTM Headquarters. Order ADJE1317.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1321 – 09
3.2.2 dummy specimen, n—a noncombustible insulating b
...
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