ASTM E1321-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread Properties
Standard Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread Properties
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method addresses the fundamental aspects of piloted ignition and flame spread. The procedure is suitable for the derivation of relevant material flammability parameters that include minimum exposure levels for ignition, thermal-inertia values, and flame-spread properties.
5.2 This test method is used to measure some material-flammability properties that are scientifically constant and compatible and to derive specific properties that allow the prediction and explanation of the flame-spread characteristics of materials. They are considered effective properties that are dependent on the correlations used and when combined with theory can be used over a wide range of fire conditions for predicting material ignition and flame-spread behavior.
5.3 Do not use this test method for products that do not have planar, or nearly planar, external surfaces and those products and assemblies in which physical performance such as joint separation and fastening methods has a significant influence on flame propagation in actual fire conditions.
5.4 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure (see also 1.6).
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response standard determines material properties related to piloted ignition of a vertically oriented sample under a constant and uniform heat flux and to lateral flame spread on a vertical surface due to an externally applied radiant-heat flux.
1.2 The results of this test method provide a minimum surface flux and temperature necessary for ignition ( q˙"o,ig, Tig) and for lateral spread ( q˙"o,s, Ts,min), an effective material thermal inertia value (kρc), and a flame-heating parameter (Φ) pertinent to lateral flame spread.
1.3 The results of this test method are potentially useful to predict the time to ignition, t ig, and the velocity, V, of lateral flame spread on a vertical surface under a specified external flux without forced lateral airflow. Use the equations in Appendix X1 that govern the ignition and flame-spread processes and which have been used to correlate the data.
1.4 This test method is potentially useful to obtain results of ignition and flame spread for materials. Data are reported in units for convenient use in current fire growth models.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1321 − 18 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread Properties
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1321; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This fire test response standard determines material
For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
properties related to piloted ignition of a vertically oriented
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
sample under a constant and uniform heat flux and to lateral
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
flame spread on a vertical surface due to an externally applied
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
radiant-heat flux.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 The results of this test method provide a minimum
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
surface flux and temperature necessary for ignition (q˙" , T )
o,ig ig
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
and for lateral spread (q˙" , T ), an effective material
o,s s,min
2. Referenced Documents
thermal inertia value (kρc), and a flame-heating parameter (Φ)
2
pertinent to lateral flame spread.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E84Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
1.3 The results of this test method are potentially useful to
Building Materials
predict the time to ignition, t , and the velocity, V, of lateral
ig
E162Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials
flame spread on a vertical surface under a specified external
Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
flux without forced lateral airflow. Use the equations in
E176Terminology of Fire Standards
Appendix X1 that govern the ignition and flame-spread pro-
E286Test Method for Surface Flammability of Building
cesses and which have been used to correlate the data.
Materials Using an 8-ft (2.44-m) Tunnel Furnace (With-
1.4 Thistestmethodispotentiallyusefultoobtainresultsof
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drawn 1991)
ignition and flame spread for materials. Data are reported in
E648Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-
units for convenient use in current fire growth models.
Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E970TestMethodforCriticalRadiantFluxofExposedAttic
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Floor Insulation Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
standard.
E1317Test Method for Flammability of Marine Surface
Finishes
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
Detaileddrawings(19),constructioninformation,andparts
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
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list (Adjunct to E1317)
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
3. Terminology
actual fire conditions.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
method, refer to Terminology E176.
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
conducting these tests.
3.2.1 backing board, n—anoncombustibleinsulatingboard,
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mounted behind the specimen during actual testing to satisfy
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the theoretical analysis assumption of no heat loss through the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
specimen.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on Surface Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Burning. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E1321–13. DOI: www.astm.org.
4
10.1520/E1321-18. Available from ASTM Headquarters. Order ADJE1317.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the e
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1321 − 13 E1321 − 18 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread Properties
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1321; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This fire test response standard determines material properties related to piloted ignition of a vertically oriented sample
under a constant and uniform heat flux and to lateral flame spread on a vertical surface due to an externally applied radiant-heat
flux.
1.2 The results of this test method provide a minimum surface flux and temperature necessary for ignition (q˙" , T ) and for
o,ig ig
lateral spread (q˙" , T ), an effective material thermal inertia value (kρc), and a flame-heating parameter (Φ) pertinent to lateral
o,s s,min
flame spread.
1.3 The results of this test method are potentially useful to predict the time to ignition, t , and the velocity, V, of lateral flame
ig
spread on a vertical surface under a specified external flux without forced lateral airflow. Use the equations in Appendix X1 that
govern the ignition and flame-spread processes and which have been used to correlate the data.
1.4 This test method is potentially useful to obtain results of ignition and flame spread for materials. Data are reported in units
for convenient use in current fire growth models.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
1.8 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
E162 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
3
E286 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Building Materials Using an 8-ft (2.44-m) Tunnel Furnace (Withdrawn 1991)
E648 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
E970 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Exposed Attic Floor Insulation Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
E1317 Test Method for Flammability of Marine Surface Finishes
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on Surface Burning.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2018. Published October 2013November 2018. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20092013
as E1321 – 09.E1321 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/E1321-13.10.1520/E1321-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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