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ASTM D5321-12

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining the Shear Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic Interfaces by Direct Shear

Standard Test Method for Determining the Shear Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic Interfaces by Direct Shear

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedure described in this test method for determination of the shear resistance of the soil and geosynthetic or geosynthetic and geosynthetic interface is intended as a performance test to provide the user with a set of design values for the test conditions examined. The test specimens and conditions, including normal stresses, are generally selected by the user.  
5.2 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geosynthetics, but caution is advised as outlined in 5.2.1.  
5.2.1 The shear resistance can be expressed only in terms of actual test conditions (see Note 4 and Note 5). The determined value may be a function of the applied normal stress, material characteristics (for example, of the geosynthetic), soil properties, size of sample, drainage conditions, displacement rate, magnitude of displacement, and other parameters. Note 4—In the case of acceptance testing requiring the use of soil, the user must furnish the soil sample, soil parameters, and direct shear test parameters. The method of test data interpretation for purposes of acceptance should be mutually agreed to by the users of this standard.Note 5—Testing under this test method should be performed by laboratories qualified in the direct shear testing of soils and meeting the requirements of Practice D3740, especially since the test results may depend on site-specific and test conditions.  
5.2.2 This test method measures the total resistance to shear between a geosynthetic and a supporting material (substratum) or a geosynthetic and an overlying material (superstratum). The total shear resistance may be a combination of sliding, rolling and interlocking of material components.  
5.2.3 This test method does not distinguish between individual mechanisms, which may be a function of the soil and geosynthetic used, method of material placement and hydration, normal and shear stresses applied, means used to hold the geosynthetic in place, rate of shear displ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the shear resistance of a geosynthetic against soil, or a geosynthetic against another geosynthetic, under a constant rate of deformation.  
1.1.1 The test method is intended to indicate the performance of the selected specimen by attempting to model certain field conditions. Results obtained from this method may be limited in their applicability to the specific conditions considered in the testing.  
1.2 The test method is applicable for all geosynthetics, with the exception of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) which are addressed in Test Method D6243.  
1.3 The test method is not suited for the development of exact stress-strain relationships for the test specimen due to the non-uniform distribution of shearing forces and displacement.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2012
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.01 - Mechanical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D5321/D5321M-13 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Shear Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic Interfaces by Direct Shear
Effective Date
23-Aug-2013

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ASTM D5321-12 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Shear Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic Interfaces by Direct ShearASTM D5321-12 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Shear Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic Interfaces by Direct Shear
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ASTM D5321-12 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Shear Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic Interfaces by Direct Shear
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Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: D5321 − 12
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Shear Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and
1
Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic Interfaces by Direct Shear
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5321; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
3
(2,700 kN-m/m ))
shear resistance of a geosynthetic against soil, or a geosyn-
D2435 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation
thetic against another geosynthetic, under a constant rate of
Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
deformation.
D3080 Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under
1.1.1 The test method is intended to indicate the perfor-
Consolidated Drained Conditions
mance of the selected specimen by attempting to model certain
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
field conditions. Results obtained from this method may be
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
limited in their applicability to the specific conditions consid-
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
ered in the testing.
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
1.2 The test method is applicable for all geosynthetics, with
Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
the exception of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) which are
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
addressed in Test Method D6243.
D6243 Test Method for Determining the Internal and Inter-
1.3 The test method is not suited for the development of face Shear Resistance of Geosynthetic Clay Liner by the
Direct Shear Method
exact stress-strain relationships for the test specimen due to the
non-uniform distribution of shearing forces and displacement.
3. Terminology
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms relating to soil and
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
rock, refer to Terminology D653. For definitions of terms
only.
relating to geosynthetics, refer to Terminology D4439.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
3.2.1 shear strength envelope, n—, curvi-linear line on the
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
shear stress-normal stress plot representing the combination of
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
shear and normal stresses that define a selected shear failure
limitations prior to use.
mode (for example, peak and post-peak).
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.2 adhesion, c ,n—the y-intercept of the Mohr-Coulomb
a
2
strength envelope.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained 3.2.3 Mohr-Coulomb shear strength envelope, n—(angle of
Fluids friction between two materials) (degrees) the angle whose
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character- tangent is the slope of the line relating limiting value of the
3
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600 shear stress that resists slippage between two solid bodies and
3
kN-m/m )) the normal stress across the contact surface of the two bodies.
Limiting value may be at the peak shear stress or at some other
1 failure condition defined by the user of the test results. This is
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani- commonly referred to as interface friction angle. (D653)
cal Properties.
3.2.4 Mohr-Coulomb friction angle, δ,n—(angle of friction
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published July 1, 2012. Originally
of a material or between two materials, degrees) the angle
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5321–08 DOI:
10.1520/D5321-12.
defined by the least-squares, “best-fit” straight line through a
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
defined section of the shear strength-normal stress failure
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
envelope; the component of the shear strength indicated by the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. term δ, in Coulomb’s equation, τ=c + σ tan (δ ) (see 12.6).
a n
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5321 − 12
NOTE 1—The end user is cautioned that some organizations (for
shear stresses at some post-peak displacement is t
...

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1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.  
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ASTM D6992-16(2023)(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use of the Stepped Isothermal Method decreases the time required for creep to occur and the obtaining of the associated data.  
5.2 The statements set forth in 1.6 are very important in the context of significance and use, as well as scope of the standard.  
5.3 Creep test data are used to calculate the creep modulus of materials as a function of time. These data are then used to predict the long-term creep deformation expected of geosynthetics used in reinforcement applications.
Note 1: Currently, SIM testing has focused mainly on woven and knitted geogrids and woven geotextiles made from polyester, aramid, polyaramid, poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and polypropylene yarns and narrow strips. Additional correlation studies on other materials are needed.  
5.4 Creep-rupture test data are used to develop a regression line relating creep stress to rupture time. These results predict the long-term rupture strength expected for geosynthetics in reinforcement applications.  
5.5 Tensile testing is used to establish the ultimate tensile strength (TULT) of a material and to determine elastic stress, strain, and variations thereof for SIM tests.  
5.6 Ramp and Hold (R+H) testing is done to establish the range of creep strains experienced in the brief period of very rapid response following the peak of the load ramp.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated testing for tensile creep, and tensile creep-rupture properties using the Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM).  
1.2 The test method is focused on geosynthetic reinforcement materials such as yarns, ribs of geogrids, or narrow geotextile specimens.  
1.3 The SIM tests are laterally unconfined tests based on time-temperature superposition procedures.  
1.4 Tensile tests are to be completed before SIM tests and the results are used to determine the stress levels for subsequent SIM tests defined in terms of the percentage of Ultimate Tensile Strength (TULT). Additionally, the tensile test can be designed to provide estimates of the initial elastic strain distributions appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.5 Ramp and Hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial elastic and initial rapid creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.6 This method can be used to establish the sustained load creep and creep-rupture characteristics of a geosynthetic. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of Test Method D5262 and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term creep and creep-rupture behavior of geosynthetic material.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5322-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a standard immersion procedure for investigating the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic to a liquid waste, leachate, or chemical in a laboratory environment. The conditions specified in this practice are intended both to provide a basis of standardization and to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or investigate the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic material(s) in a laboratory environment. Practice D5496 can be used should the user need to assess the performance of a geosynthetic in field conditions.  
4.2 This practice is not intended to establish, by itself, the behavior of geosynthetics when exposed to liquids. Such behavior, referred to as chemical resistance, can be defined only in terms of specific chemical solutions and methods of testing and evaluation criteria selected by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers laboratory immersion procedures for the testing of geosynthetics for chemical resistance to liquid wastes, prepared chemical solutions, and leachates derived from solid wastes.  
1.2 This standard is not applicable to some geosynthetics such as geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs), because of their composite nature requiring a confining pressure during immersion. However, individual geosynthetic components of the GCL can be tested.  
1.3 This standard was originally developed to supplement and expand EPA 9090 to include all geosynthetics. EPA 9090 has not been updated since 1992.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    English language
    sale 15% off