ASTM E1758-01
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbohydrates in Biomass by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbohydrates in Biomass by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The percentage, by mass, of sugar content is used in conjunction with other assays to determine the total composition of biomass samples.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of carbohydrates present in a biomass sample, expressed as the percent, by mass, of each sugar on a 105°C dried mass basis.
Note 1—The percent sugar must be corrected for the water of hydrolysis before calculating the actual mass percent of the polysaccharide in the original biomass sample.
1.2 Sample materials suitable for this procedure include hard and soft woods, herbaceous materials (such as switchgrass and sericea), agricultural residues (such as corn stover, wheat straw, and bagasse), wastepaper (such as office waste, boxboard, and newsprint), acid or alkaline-pretreated biomass (washed free of any residual acid or alkali), and the solid fraction of fermentation residues. All results are reported relative to the 105°C oven-dried mass of the sample.
1.3 The options for the types of samples to be analyzed in this test method are as follows:
1.3.1 Prepared Biomass Samples:
1.3.1.1 Air Dried (%Tad)—The percent, by mass, of total solids of the air-dried sample.
1.3.1.2 45°C Dried (%T45—The percent, by mass, of total solids of the 45°C dried sample.
1.3.1.3 Freeze Dried (%Tfd )—The percent, by mass, of total solids of the freeze dried sample.
1.3.2 Extractives-Free Sample (%Text)—The percent, by mass, of total solids of the extracted sample determined at 105°C.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 3 and Note 4.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:E1758–01
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Carbohydrates in Biomass by High
1
Performance Liquid Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1758; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The carbohydrates making up a major portion of biomass samples are polysaccharides constructed
primarilyofglucose,xylose,arabinose,galactose,andmannosesubunits.Thepolysaccharidespresent
in a biomass sample can be hydrolyzed to their component sugar monomers by sulfuric acid in a
two-stage hydrolysis process. These monosaccharides can then be quantified by ion-moderated
partition HPLC.
1. Scope 1.3.2 Extractives-Free Sample (%T )—The percent, by
ext
mass, of total solids of the extracted sample determined at
1.1 This test method covers the determination of carbohy-
105°C.
drates present in a biomass sample, expressed as the percent,
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
by mass, of each sugar on a 105°C dried mass basis.
standard.
NOTE 1—The percent sugar must be corrected for the water of
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
hydrolysis before calculating the actual mass percent of the polysaccha-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ride in the original biomass sample.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 Sample materials suitable for this procedure include
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
hardandsoftwoods,herbaceousmaterials(suchasswitchgrass
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
and sericea), agricultural residues (such as corn stover, wheat
tionary statements are given in Note 3 and Note 4.
straw, and bagasse), wastepaper (such as office waste, box-
2. Referenced Documents
board, and newsprint), acid or alkaline-pretreated biomass
2
(washed free of any residual acid or alkali), and the solid
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fraction of fermentation residues. All results are reported
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
relative to the 105°C oven-dried mass of the sample.
E1690 Test Method for the Determination of Ethanol
1.3 The options for the types of samples to be analyzed in
Extractives in Biomass
this test method are as follows:
E 1721 Test Method for the Determination of Acid-
1.3.1 Prepared Biomass Samples:
Insoluble Residue in Biomass
1.3.1.1 Air Dried (%T )—The percent, by mass, of total
ad
E1756 TestMethodfortheDeterminationofTotalSolidsin
solids of the air-dried sample.
Biomass
1.3.1.2 45°C Dried (%T )—The percent, by mass, of total
45
E1757 Practice for Preparation of Biomass for Composi-
solids of the 45°C dried sample.
tional Analysis
1.3.1.3 Freeze Dried (%T )—Thepercent,bymass,oftotal
fd
3. Terminology
solids of the freeze dried sample.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on
2
Biotechnology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E48.05 on Biomass For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Conversion. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved November 10, 2001. Published February 2002. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
e1
Originally published as E 1758-95. Last previous edition E 1758–95 . the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E1758–01
3.1.1 as received biomass—the biomass material as it is 4. Significance and Use
received in its field or process collected state.
4.1 The percentage, by mass, of sugar content is used in
3.1.2 oven-dried mass—the moisture-free mass of a biom-
conjunction with other assays to determine the total composi-
asssampledriedat105°CasdescribedinTestMethodE1756.
tion of biomass samples.
3.1.3 prepared biomass—material that has been treated
5. Interferences
according to Practice E1757 in order to raise the total solids
5.1 Samples with high protein content may result in the
content above 85%, by mass, based on an oven-dried solids
percentage, by mass, of sugar values being biased low, as a
mass.
consequence of protein binding with some monosaccharides.
3.2 Abbreviations:Abbreviations—Abbreviations of stan-
5.2 Test specimens not suitable for analysis by this proce-
dards used in the procedure, and definitions of terms used in
dure include alkaline and acid-pretreated biomass samples that
the calculations are as
...
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