ASTM D6404-99

Standard Practice for Sampling Vegetable Materials Containing Tannin

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers obtaining representative samples from shipment lots of botanical materials containing tannin.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-May-1999
• ICS: 59.140.10 - Processes and auxiliary materials
• Technical Committee: D31 - Leather
• Drafting Committee: D31.01 - Vegetable Leather

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D6404-99(2004) - Standard Practice for Sampling Vegetable Materials Containing Tannin
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D4900-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for Lignosulfonates (Sulfite Cellulose) in Tanning Extracts
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D4899-99(2020) - Standard Practice for Analysis of Vegetable Tanning Materials—General
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D4905-99(2020) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Solution of Solid, Pasty and Powdered Vegetable Tannin Extracts
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D6408-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Tannery Liquors
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D4901-99(2020) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Solution of Liquid Vegetable Tannin Extracts
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D6405-99(2020) - Standard Practice for Extraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D6406-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Sugar in Vegetable Tanning Materials
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D4903-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for Total Solids and Water in Vegetable Tanning Material Extracts
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D6407-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Iron and Copper in Vegetable Tanning Materials
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D6410-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for Determining Acidity of Vegetable Tanning Liquors
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 6404 – 99
Standard Practice for
Sampling Vegetable Materials Containing Tannin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6404; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Practice
1.1 This practice covers obtaining representative samples 4.1 This practice describes methods for obtaining represen-
from shipment lots of botanical materials containing tannin. tative samples for analysis from shipments of vegetable tan-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the ning materials and tannin extracts.
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
5. Significance and Use
information only.
5.1 This practice provides standard procedures for obtaining
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the representative samples of various materials used as a source of
tannins for the tanning industry.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 5.2 Procedures are described for obtaining representative
samples of economical and convenient quantities from a lot, or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sections of a lot, of material for examination and analysis so
2. Referenced Documents
that agreement may be reached with regard to the extent of
2.1 ASTM Standards: variation of quality in different portions of a lot and the average
D 1517 Definitions of Terms Relating to Leather quality of the entire lot of material.
2.2 ALCA Method: 5.3 No directions for sampling, however explicit, can take
J10 Sampling Vegetable Materials Containing Tannin the place of judgment, skill, and previous experience on the
part of persons actually engaged in the sampling or the
3. Terminology
supervision of the sampling. These directions are intended to
3.1 Definitions:
supplement that experience and, particularly, to serve as a
3.1.1 For definitions of general leather and tanning terms guide in the selection of the method which is to be used, in
used in this practice refer to Definitions D 1517. common, by each of two or more contracting parties.
3.1.2 quartering—the term applied to a method described in
5.4 Tanning materials contain moisture in varying amounts,
this practice of reducing the size of samples without impairing depending both on the nature of the material and on the
their representative quality.
climatic conditions, so that sampling must be carried out as
3.1.3 tannin—an astringent substance found in the various quickly as is consistent with thoroughness in order to avoid
parts of plants such as bark, wood, leaves, nuts, fruits, roots,
changes in moisture content.
etc.
6. Apparatus
3.1.4 vegetable tannins—mixtures of substances (natural
products) obtained from plant tissues by water extraction 6.1 Balance, analytical balance which will weigh the quan-
which have the chemical and physical properties necessary to tity of material specified in this practice to an accuracy of 610
convert animal hides and skins into leather. g(6 0.35 oz).
6.2 Canvas, 11-oz weight and of sufficient size (as deter-
mined by the discretion of the sampler or analyst) for use in
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-31 on Leather
mixing and quartering samples.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.01 on Vegetable Leather. This
6.3 Sieve, with round openings 1.27 cm (0.50 in.) in
test method has been adapted from and is a replacement for Method J10 of the
diameter.
Official Methods of the American Leather Chemists Association.
Current edition approved May 10, 1999. Published August 1999.
6.4 Sampling Tool, this tool shall be made of brass or other
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.04
corrosion-resistant metal tubing, with solid handle attached,
Official Methods of the American Leather Chemists Association. Available
similar to that described below and illustrated in Fig. 1.
from the American Leather Chemists Association, University of Cincinnati, P.O.
Box 210014, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0014.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 6404
8.2 Liquid and powdered extracts and tannery liquor
samples shall be put into stoppered glass bottles of the required
size.
8.3 Solid and pasty extracts shall be wrapped in aluminum
foil and put into Mason-type jars or tin cans of the required
size.
8.4 Cut bark, fruits, roots, galls, nuts, leaves, etc., and spent
materials, shall be placed in lacquered, pressed-top tins of the
required size, which close airtight. Boxes or bags must not be
used as containers.
FIG. 1 Sampling Tool
8.5 Sample containers shall be of no greater capacity than
will conveniently be filled by the sample taken.
6.4.1 Thin brass or other corrosion-resistant metal tubing,
37 cm long and 17.5 mm diameter, is used. A solid steel handle,
9. Number of Packages to be Sampled
6 cm long, is welded to one end of the tube. A section 11 mm
9.1 The number of packages to be sampled from any given
wide and 30 cm long is cut out of the side of the tube and the
lot of tanning material composed of solid, powdered or pasty
edges of this opening sharply beveled. The working end is cut
extract, crude or manufactured tanning materials, in bales,
to a sharp point for piercing sacks, or other tough materials,
boxes, bags, barrels, or similar packages, shall be as shown in
like plantation gambier.
Table 1. The samples shall be selected from as uniformly
7. Quartering Samples distributed parts of the lot as is possible at the time of
weighing.
7.1 “Quartering” is a term applied to the following method
9.1.1 Where the shipment exceeds 10 000 packages, it shall
of reducing the size of samples without impairing their
be divided into as few, equal, sections (of not more than 10 000
representative quality.
packages each) as possible and each section shall be sampled
7.1.1 All of the material, taken from the various containers
and analyzed as if it were an individual shipment. In such case,
or parts of the shipment of solid material being sampled, shall
the mean of the analyses of the sections shall constitute the
be immediately and thoroughly mixed on a square piece of 11
analysis of the shipment.
oz canvas. In the case of solid extracts, large pieces shall have
been broken previously so as to pass a screen having round
10. Number of Samples
openings 1.27 cm (0.50 in.) in diameter. The pile shall be
divided into four equal portions and quarters A and B shall be
10.1 In addition to the representative samples for submis-
discarded as illustrated in diagram X of Fig. 2. The remaining sion to the contracting parties, at least one extra sample shall be
two quarters shall then be re-mixed thoroughly and again taken and held in reserve by the sampler, in case one of the
divided into four equal portions and quarters C and D shall be regular samples is lost or damaged.
discarded as illustrated in diagram Y of Fig. 2. This process
shall be repeated until the mixture of any two remaining 11. Procedure
quarters of the sample be of sufficient size to secure the
11.1 Solid Extracts—Cut a suitable triangular opening in the
individual samples as specified below. The individual samples
middle of the exposed side of the package to be sampled. Then
shall be obtained by thoroughly mixing the two remaining
cut a V-shaped wedge, 10 to 12.5 cm (4 to 5 in.) in width on the
quarters and dividing the mixture into as many uniform
surface of the exposed side of the package, as near to the
sections as necessary, such that each section will be large
middle as possible and to the depth shown in the diagram
enough to fill one of the required number of containers. All
illustrated in Fig. 3.
fine, powdery material in each section shall be completely
11.1.1 Remove this piece, including any dry or crumbly
removed with its respective section, whether the section is
exterior portion of it, place on the quartering canvas and
discarded or placed in a sample container.
covered to prevent loss of moisture. Promptly break the
V-shaped samples from all the selected packages to a size
8. Filling Containers
which will pass the sieve (6.3). Quarter the mixture and sample
8.1 Immediately after the final samples are obtained, they
as described in Section 7. Each final sample shall weigh
shall be put into clean, dry containers, closed airtight, sealed,
approximately 225 g (8 oz) and shall be packaged as described
and labeled as described in the procedure (11.11).
in 8.3.
11.2 Powdered Extracts—Draw a portion from each of the
specified number of bags, using the sampling tool (6.4). Lay
the bags horizontally, with the narrow side exposed, and insert
the sampling tool into the middle of the exposed side and to the
center of the bag. The portions removed shall be of equal
quantity, thoroughly mixed, and the mixture quartered and
sampled as described in Section 7. Each sample shall weigh
approximately 170 g (6 ounces) and be packaged as described
FIG. 2 Quartering Samples in 8.2.
D 6404
TABLE 1 Sampling Quantities
Number of Number of Number of Number of Number of Number of
Packages Packages to Packages Packages to Packages Packages to
in Lot Be Sampled in Lot Be Sampled in Lot Be Sampled
1 to 3 each 1201 to 1300 25 4551 to 4700 48
3 to 24 3 1301 to 1400 26 4701 to 4900 49
25 to 40 4 1401 to 1510 27 4901 to 5100 50
41 to 60 5 1511 to 1640 28 5101
...