ASTM D6404-99(2004)

Standard Practice for Sampling Vegetable Materials Containing Tannin

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides standard procedures for obtaining representative samples of various materials used as a source of tannins for the tanning industry.
Procedures are described for obtaining representative samples of economical and convenient quantities from a lot, or sections of a lot, of material for examination and analysis so that agreement may be reached with regard to the extent of variation of quality in different portions of a lot and the average quality of the entire lot of material.
No directions for sampling, however explicit, can take the place of judgment, skill, and previous experience on the part of persons actually engaged in the sampling or the supervision of the sampling. These directions are intended to supplement that experience and, particularly, to serve as a guide in the selection of the method which is to be used, in common, by each of two or more contracting parties.
Tanning materials contain moisture in varying amounts, depending both on the nature of the material and on the climatic conditions, so that sampling must be carried out as quickly as is consistent with thoroughness in order to avoid changes in moisture content.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers obtaining representative samples from shipment lots of botanical materials containing tannin.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2004
• ICS: 59.140.10 - Processes and auxiliary materials
• Technical Committee: D31 - Leather
• Drafting Committee: D31.01 - Vegetable Leather

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D6404-99 - Standard Practice for Sampling Vegetable Materials Containing Tannin
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM D6404-99(2009) - Standard Practice for Sampling Vegetable Materials Containing Tannin
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D4901-99(2020) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Solution of Liquid Vegetable Tannin Extracts
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6405-99(2020) - Standard Practice for Extraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D4905-99(2020) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Solution of Solid, Pasty and Powdered Vegetable Tannin Extracts
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6410-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for Determining Acidity of Vegetable Tanning Liquors
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6408-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Tannery Liquors
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D4900-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for Lignosulfonates (Sulfite Cellulose) in Tanning Extracts
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D4899-99(2020) - Standard Practice for Analysis of Vegetable Tanning Materials—General
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6406-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Sugar in Vegetable Tanning Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6407-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Iron and Copper in Vegetable Tanning Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D4903-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for Total Solids and Water in Vegetable Tanning Material Extracts
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6404–99(Reapproved2004)
Standard Practice for
Sampling Vegetable Materials Containing Tannin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6404; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope which have the chemical and physical properties necessary to
convert animal hides and skins into leather.
1.1 This practice covers obtaining representative samples
from shipment lots of botanical materials containing tannin.
4. Summary of Practice
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.1 This practice describes methods for obtaining represen-
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
tative samples for analysis from shipments of vegetable tan-
information only.
ning materials and tannin extracts.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Thispracticeprovidesstandardproceduresforobtaining
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
representative samples of various materials used as a source of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tannins for the tanning industry.
2. Referenced Documents 5.2 Procedures are described for obtaining representative
2 samples of economical and convenient quantities from a lot, or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sections of a lot, of material for examination and analysis so
D 1517 Definitions of Terms Relating to Leather
that agreement may be reached with regard to the extent of
2.2 ALCA Method:
variationofqualityindifferentportionsofalotandtheaverage
J10 Sampling Vegetable Materials Containing Tannin
quality of the entire lot of material.
3. Terminology 5.3 No directions for sampling, however explicit, can take
the place of judgment, skill, and previous experience on the
3.1 Definitions:
part of persons actually engaged in the sampling or the
3.1.1 For definitions of general leather and tanning terms
supervision of the sampling. These directions are intended to
used in this practice refer to Definitions D 1517.
supplement that experience and, particularly, to serve as a
3.1.2 quartering—thetermappliedtoamethoddescribedin
guide in the selection of the method which is to be used, in
this practice of reducing the size of samples without impairing
common, by each of two or more contracting parties.
their representative quality.
5.4 Tanning materials contain moisture in varying amounts,
3.1.3 tannin—an astringent substance found in the various
depending both on the nature of the material and on the
parts of plants such as bark, wood, leaves, nuts, fruits, roots,
climatic conditions, so that sampling must be carried out as
etc.
quickly as is consistent with thoroughness in order to avoid
3.1.4 vegetable tannins—mixtures of substances (natural
changes in moisture content.
products) obtained from plant tissues by water extraction
6. Apparatus
6.1 Balance, analytical balance which will weigh the quan-
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD31onLeatherand
tity of material specified in this practice to an accuracy of 610
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.01 on Vegetable Leather. This test
g(6 0.35 oz).
method has been adapted from and is a replacement for Method J10 of the Official
Methods of the American Leather Chemists Association. 6.2 Canvas, 11-oz weight and of sufficient size (as deter-
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally
mined by the discretion of the sampler or analyst) for use in
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 6404 – 99.
mixing and quartering samples.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.3 Sieve, with round openings 1.27 cm (0.50 in.) in
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
diameter.
the ASTM website.
6.4 Sampling Tool, this tool shall be made of brass or other
Official Methods of the American Leather Chemists Association. Available
corrosion-resistant metal tubing, with solid handle attached,
from the American Leather Chemists Association, University of Cincinnati, P.O.
Box 210014, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0014. similar to that described below and illustrated in Fig. 1.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6404–99 (2004)
8.2 Liquid and powdered extracts and tannery liquor
samplesshallbeputintostopperedglassbottlesoftherequired
size.
8.3 Solid and pasty extracts shall be wrapped in aluminum
foil and put into Mason-type jars or tin cans of the required
size.
8.4 Cut bark, fruits, roots, galls, nuts, leaves, etc., and spent
materials, shall be placed in lacquered, pressed-top tins of the
required size, which close airtight. Boxes or bags must not be
used as containers.
FIG. 1 Sampling Tool
8.5 Sample containers shall be of no greater capacity than
will conveniently be filled by the sample taken.
6.4.1 Thin brass or other corrosion-resistant metal tubing,
37cmlongand17.5mmdiameter,isused.Asolidsteelhandle,
9. Number of Packages to be Sampled
6 cm long, is welded to one end of the tube. A section 11 mm
9.1 The number of packages to be sampled from any given
wide and 30 cm long is cut out of the side of the tube and the
lot of tanning material composed of solid, powdered or pasty
edges of this opening sharply beveled. The working end is cut
extract, crude or manufactured tanning materials, in bales,
to a sharp point for piercing sacks, or other tough materials,
boxes, bags, barrels, or similar packages, shall be as shown in
like plantation gambier.
Table 1. The samples shall be selected from as uniformly
7. Quartering Samples distributed parts of the lot as is possible at the time of
weighing.
7.1 “Quartering” is a term applied to the following method
9.1.1 Where the shipment exceeds 10 000 packages, it shall
of reducing the size of samples without impairing their
bedividedintoasfew,equal,sections(ofnotmorethan10 000
representative quality.
packages each) as possible and each section shall be sampled
7.1.1 All of the material, taken from the various containers
and analyzed as if it were an individual shipment. In such case,
or parts of the shipment of solid material being sampled, shall
the mean of the analyses of the sections shall constitute the
be immediately and thoroughly mixed on a square piece of 11
analysis of the shipment.
oz canvas. In the case of solid extracts, large pieces shall have
been broken previously so as to pass a screen having round
10. Number of Samples
openings 1.27 cm (0.50 in.) in diameter. The pile shall be
divided into four equal portions and quarters A and B shall be
10.1 In addition to the representative samples for submis-
discarded as illustrated in diagram X of Fig. 2. The remaining siontothecontractingparties,atleastoneextrasampleshallbe
two quarters shall then be re-mixed thoroughly and again taken and held in reserve by the sampler, in case one of the
divided into four equal portions and quarters C and D shall be regular samples is lost or damaged.
discarded as illustrated in diagram Y of Fig. 2. This process
shall be repeated until the mixture of any two remaining 11. Procedure
quarters of the sample be of sufficient size to secure the
11.1 Solid Extracts—Cutasuitabletriangularopeninginthe
individual samples as specified below. The individual samples
middle of the exposed side of the package to be sampled.Then
shall be obtained by thoroughly mixing the two remaining
cutaV-shapedwedge,10to12.5cm(4to5in.)inwidthonthe
quarters and dividing the mixture into as many uniform
surface of the exposed side of the package, as near to the
sections as necessary, such that each section will be large
middle as possible and to the depth shown in the diagram
enough to fill one of the required number of containers. All
illustrated in Fig. 3.
fine, powdery material in each section shall be completely
11.1.1 Remove this piece, including any dry or crumbly
removed with its respective section, whether the section is
exterior portion of it, place on the quartering canvas and
discarded or placed in a sample container.
covered to prevent loss of moisture. Promptly break the
V-shaped samples from all the selected packages to a size
8. Filling Containers
whichwillpassthesieve(6.3).Quarterthemixtureandsample
8.1 Immediately after the final samples are obtained, they
as described in Section 7. Each final sample shall weigh
shall be put into clean, dry containers, closed airtight, sealed,
approximately 225 g (8 oz) and shall be packaged as described
and labeled as described in the procedure (11.11).
in 8.3.
11.2 Powdered Extracts—Draw a portion from each of the
specified number of bags, using the sampling tool (6.4). Lay
the bags horizontally, with the narrow side exposed, and insert
thesamplingtoolintothemiddleoftheexposedsideandtothe
center of the bag. The portions removed shall be of equal
quantity, thoroughly mixed, and the mixture quartered and
sampled as described in Section 7. Each sample shall weigh
approximately 170 g (6 ounces) and be packaged as described
FIG. 2 Quartering Samples in 8.2.
D6404–99 (2004)
TABLE 1 Sampling Quantities
Number of Number of Number of Number of Number of Number of
Packages Packages to Packages Packages to Packages Packages to
in Lot Be Sampled in Lot Be Sampled in Lot Be Sampled
1 to 3 each 1201 to 1300 25 4551 to
...