ASTM C1688/C1688M-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density and Void Content of Freshly Mixed Pervious Concrete
Standard Test Method for Density and Void Content of Freshly Mixed Pervious Concrete
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a procedure for determining the density and void content of freshly mixed pervious concrete.
This test method is applicable to pervious concrete mixtures containing coarse aggregate with a nominal maximum size of 25 mm [1 in.] or smaller.
The measured fresh density may be used as verification of mixture proportions.
The fresh density and void content calculated from this test may differ from the in-place density and void content, and this test shall not be used to determine in-place yield.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determining the density of freshly mixed pervious concrete and gives formulas for calculating the void content of pervious concrete.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
1.4 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:C1688/C1688M–08
Standard Test Method for
Density and Void Content of Freshly Mixed Pervious
Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1688/C1688M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
1.1 This test method covers determining the density of
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
freshly mixed pervious concrete and gives formulas for calcu-
C172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
lating the void content of pervious concrete.
C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Test Specimens in the Laboratory
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
C231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
crete by the Pressure Method
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
C311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or
with the standard.
Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and Mortars
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
C1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh
C1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
Mixtures
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
1.4 The text of this test method references notes and
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes
kN-m/m ))
and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be consid-
ered as requirements of this test method.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents 3.1 Definitions:
3 3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to Terminology C125.
C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)
3.2 Symbols:
and Voids in Aggregate
3 3
D = density (unit weight) of concrete kg/m [lb/ft ]
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
M = total mass of all materials batched, kg [lb] (see Note 1)
s
gregates
M = mass of the measure filled with concrete, kg [lb]
c
C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
M = mass of the measure, kg [lb]
m
T = theoretical density of the concrete computed on an airfree basis,
Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
3 3
kg/m [lb/ft ] (see Note 1)
U = percentage of voids in the fresh pervious concrete, including en-
trained and entrapped air voids in the cement paste.
V = sum of the absolute volumes of the component ingredients in the
s
3 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
batch, m [ft ]
3 3
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
V = volume of the measure, m [ft ]
m
C09.49 on Pervious Concrete.
NOTE 1—The theoretical density is a laboratory determination, and is
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. DOI:
assumed to remain constant for all batches made using identical compo-
10.1520/C1688_C1688M-08.
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, nent ingredients and proportions. It is calculated from the following
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
equation:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
M
s
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
T 5
V
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
s
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1688/C1688M–08
The total mass of all materials batched is the sum of the masses of the a result of an initial reaction, a surface film is formed that protects the
cement, the fine aggregate in the saturated-surface-dry condition, the metal against further corrosion.
coarse aggregate in the saturated-surface-dry condition, the water in the NOTE 3—The top rim is satisfactorily plane if a 0.3 mm [0.01-in.] wire
batch (includes free water from the aggregate), and any other solid or feeler gauge cannot be inserted between the rim and a piece of 6 mm
liquid materials used. [ ⁄4-in.] or thicker plate glass laid over the top of the measure.
The absolute volume of each ingredient is equal to the quotient of the
6.4 Strike-Off Plate—Aflatrectangularmetalplateatleast6
mass of that ingredient divided by the product of its relative density
1 1
mm [ ⁄4 in.] thick or a glass or acrylic plate at least 12 mm [ ⁄2
(specific gravity) times the density of water (See Test Method C29/
in.] thick with length and width that are at least 50 mm [2 in.]
C29M). For the aggregate components, the relative density (specific
gravity) should be based on the saturated-surface-dry condition (as greater than the diameter of the measure with which it is to be
determined by Test Method C127 for coarse aggregate and Test Method
used. The edges of the plate shall be straight within a tolerance
C128 for fine aggregate). For cements meeting Specification C150, 1
of2mm[ ⁄16 in.].
Specification C595, and Specification C1157, the relative density should
6.5 Scoop—Of a size large enough so each amount of
be determined by Test Method C188, and is typically available from the
pervious concrete obtained from the sampling receptacle is
cement manufacturer. A value of 3.15 may be used for Portland cements
representative and small enough so that the concrete is not
manufacturedtomeettherequirementsofSpecificationC150.Therelative
spilled during placement in the measure.
density of supplementary cementitious materials should be determined as
follows: for fly ash, use Test Methods C311; for silica fume, use
7. Sampling
Specification C1240; and for slag cement, use Specification C989.
7.1 Obtainthesampleoffreshlymixedperviousconcreteon
4. Summary of Test Method
field placements in accordance with Practice C172.
4.1 A sample of fresh pervious concrete is placed and
7.2 Obtain the sample of freshly mixed pervious concrete in
consolidated in a standard measure. The concrete is consoli-
laboratory testing in accordance with Practice C192/C192M.
dated using a standard Proctor hammer. The density and void
7.3 The elapsed time between obtaining the first and final
content of the pervious concrete are calculated based on the
portions of the composite sample shall not exceed 15 min.
measured mass of the consolidated concrete specimen, the
7.3.1 Transport the individual samples to the place where
volumeofthemeasure,andthetotalmassofmaterialsbatched.
fresh concrete tests are to be performed. Combine and remix
the samples with a shovel the minimum am
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