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ASTM D4796-88(1998)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Thermoplastic Traffic Marking Materials

Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Thermoplastic Traffic Marking Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides an instrumental means for the determination of thermoplastic traffic marking material bond strengths using cement bricks and steel cubes.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-1998
ICS
93.080.20 - Road construction materials
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.44 - Traffic Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D4796-88(2004) - Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Thermoplastic Traffic Marking Materials
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8161-17(2022) - Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pavement Marking Materials over a Highway Substrate by Means of a Striker Impacted by a Falling Weight
Effective Date
10-Oct-1998

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ASTM D4796-88(1998) - Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Thermoplastic Traffic Marking Materials
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 4796 – 88 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Test Method for
Bond Strength of Thermoplastic Traffic Marking Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4796; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method provides an instrumental means for the 4.1 The thermoplastic specimen is prepared for this test by
determination of thermoplastic traffic marking material bond first melting a sample to its application temperature under
strengths using cement bricks and steel cubes. continuous agitation. The specimen is then applied to the
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded specified cement brick by a hot drawdown blade. Two steel
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for cubes are then immediately placed onto the hot thermoplastic
information only. line and the excess thermoplastic trimmed away from around
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the the two steel cubes. After the trimming is complete, the steel
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the cubes are removed. A heated steel cube is bonded with epoxy
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- to the square of thermoplastic and allowed to cure overnight
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- before determining the bond strength on a Dillon dynamometer
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. or similar device.
2. Referenced Documents 5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.1 The function of this test method is to provide numerical
C 109 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic instrumental results indicating the cohesive or adhesive, or
Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens) both, bond strength of thermoplastic traffic marking to a
C 881 Specification for Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding Sys- specified cement brick substrate.
tems for Concrete 5.2 The use of this test method allows the user and manu-
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics facturer to control the quality of the product and make
E 284 Terminology of Appearance inferences about the performance of the thermoplastic traffic
F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems marking product. Results from these tests also provide infor-
mation helpful in researching and developing thermoplastic
3. Terminology
traffic marking materials.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
5.3 Strict adherence to the procedures outlined is necessary
nology D 883, E 284, and F 412, unless otherwise indicated. for precision of the test method. Under no conditions should
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the bond strength be accepted unless there is conformance to
3.2.1 cement brick—a brick formed by mixing cement and 9.14. Precise results are obtained only when one steel block is
fine sand together and allowing to harden.
epoxied to the thermoplastic traffic marking on the cement
3.2.2 thermoplastic—traffic marking (same as 3.2.3). brick.
3.2.3 thermoplastic traffıc marking—a highly filled 100 %
6. Types of Separation in Bond Strength Tests
total solids highway marking system that when heated to a
molten state can be extruded or sprayed onto a road surface and 6.1 Thermoplastic to Steel Cube Separation—This type of
when cooled forms a solid durable delineator. separation occurs where there is an insufficient bond between
the thermoplastic and steel cube probably due to insufficient
coverage of the epoxy adhesive.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
6.2 Thermoplastic to Thermoplastic Separation—This type
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.44 on Traffic Coatings. of separation is caused by internal cohesive failure of the
Current edition approved Oct. 31, 1988. Published December 1988.
thermoplastic. This separation is acceptable when it exceeds
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
the specified bond strength.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4796
6.3 Thermoplastic to Cement Brick Separation—This type
of separation is caused by the failure of the bond between the
thermoplastic specimen and the cement brick.
6.4 Cement Brick to Cement Brick—This type of separation
is caused by the internal cohesive failure of the brick. This is
due, in most cases, to a bond between the thermoplastic and
cement brick that exceeds the cohesive strength of the cement
brick. This separation is not acceptable when the bond strength
values are lower than specified.
7. Apparatus
7.1 Agitator Blade, 6 in. (150 mm) long with a ⁄2-in. (10
3 1
mm) steel shaft and a 1 ⁄4 by 1 in. by ⁄8-in. (45 by 25 by 3 mm)
straight horizontal steel blade.
7.2 Capped Bolts, two, ⁄8 in. (16 mm) in size.
1 1
7.3 Cement Bricks,3 ⁄2 by2by7 ⁄2-in. (9 by 5 by 19 cm) in
size with a compressive strength of 3000 to 5000 psi (Note 1).
NOTE 1—Concrete bricks conforming to Test Method C 109 have been
used but proved more variable due to migration of a thin veneer of cement
to the top of the brick making determinations erratic. The cement bricks
may be obtained from local block plants. The term “cement” brick is
common for the industry and is used in this test method extensively.
NOTE 2—The unit should be fitted with a steel frame to hold the cement
brick for testing.
7.4 Dynamometer, with a capacity of 6000 lbs in 25-lb
(2700 kg in 10 kg) divisions having a pull-rate capability of
FIG. 2 Tension Bed
⁄4in./min. (6 mm/min) (Note 2) (See Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and
Fig. 4).
7.5 Draw Down Blade, 2 by 1 by 4 in. (5 by 2.5 by 10 cm)
in size capable of laying down a 125 mil (0.125 in.) wet
thermoplastic film 2-in. wide.
7.6 Drill Press, or other apparatus capable of agitating the
thermoplastic during meltdown to the application tempera
...

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1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
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5.1 The test procedures and interlaboratory study report that result from coordinator compliance with this Practice are intended to include all information required for an ASTM Test Method and its associated Research Report; the interlaboratory study is to be conducted in compliance with Practice E691, also as required for an ASTM Test Method.3 The reason that the content of this Practice is not prepared as an actual ASTM Test Method is as follows. ASTM regulations preclude reference (in a Standard) to patented or otherwise proprietary test apparatus where “alternatives exist”.4 While a proprietary apparatus may be mentioned in the Test Method’s Research Report, this would prevent the Test Method from being a standalone document containing all information necessary for testing. As such, a standalone Test Method could only be for a non-proprietary apparatus design, with this design expressed in terms of physical characteristics and performance specifications sufficient to enable the reader to fabricate their own “identical” copy of the design. Further, to achieve consensus approval and publication of such a Test Method, it could be considered necessary that ILS results for this design include data from devices made by different entities. However, typical walkway tribometer designs (versus other types of test apparatus) are sufficiently complex that full documentation of all performance-affecting physical characteristics (sufficient that a reader could build one) may be impractical. European standard EN 16165 Annexes C and D illustrate what physical and performance characteristics are and are not documented in that standard’s specifications for two non-proprietary tribometers. In general, each different tribometer design may have advantages and disadvantages for testing different surfaces, and this Practice provides a rigorous and standardized structure for creating tribometer test procedures and interlaboratory study reports that would comply with the requirements fo...
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1.6 Values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.  
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