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ASTM D3837-95(2012)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Preparing a Solution of Alkali–Soluble Resins

Standard Practice for Preparing a Solution of Alkali–Soluble Resins

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is suitable for all types of akalali-soluble resins. The resin manufacturer shall specify the percent ammonium hydroxide to be used (based on the equivalent weight of resin) and the maximum temperature to be used to achieve solution.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is a procedure for preparing solutions of alkali-soluble resins in aqueous ammonia and determining the characteristics of such solutions.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2012
ICS
83.080.10 - Thermosetting materials
Technical Committee
D21 - Polishes
Drafting Committee
D21.02 - Raw Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3837-95(2007) - Standard Practice for Preparing a Solution of Alkali-Soluble Resins
Effective Date
01-Oct-2012
Replaced By
ASTM D3837-95(2019) - Standard Practice for Preparing a Solution of Alkali–Soluble Resins
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019

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ASTM D3837-95(2012) - Standard Practice for Preparing a Solution of Alkali–Soluble ResinsASTM D3837-95(2012) - Standard Practice for Preparing a Solution of Alkali–Soluble Resins
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ASTM D3837-95(2012) - Standard Practice for Preparing a Solution of Alkali–Soluble Resins
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3837 − 95 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Practice for
Preparing a Solution of Alkali–Soluble Resins
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3837; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Reagents and Materials
1.1 This practice is a procedure for preparing solutions of 5.1 Reaction Vessel—A three-neck, round-bottom 1000-mL
alkali-soluble resins in aqueous ammonia and determining the
flask of heat-resistant glass.
characteristics of such solutions.
5.2 Thermometer, laboratory grade, partial immersion ther-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
mometer.Range:from0to230°F,2°divisions;orfrom−20to
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
110°C, 1° divisions.
standard.
5.3 Reflux Condenser.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.4 Stirrer—A motor-driven, variable-speed agitator. The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
shaft and blade shall be of nonreactive material.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.5 Heat Source—Electric heating mantle or gas burner.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.6 Ammonium Hydroxide, reagent grade, 28 to 30% NH
(26° Baumé). This solution shall be refrigerated while in
2. Referenced Documents
storage.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.7 Distilled Water, or water of equal purity.
D1544TestMethodforColorofTransparentLiquids(Gard-
ner Color Scale)
6. Preparation of Sample
D2834Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in
Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, Solvent-Based Floor
6.1 Resinreceivedingroundorflakedformshallbeusedas
Polishes, and Polymer-Emulsion Floor Polishes
received. Select a sample representative of the material under
E70Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
test.
Glass Electrode
6.2 Resin received in lump form shall be crushed or ground
3. Summary of Practice
and passed through a 10-mesh screen before testing. Select a
sample representative of the material under test.
3.1 Alkali-soluble resins are dissolved in water by chemi-
cally reacting available carboxylic acid sites on the resin
7. Procedure
molecule with a base to form water-soluble carboxylate salts.
In this practice, the base used is ammonium hydroxide.
7.1 Insert the reflux condenser into one of the sidearms of
the flask and support the assembly suitably. Insert the agitator
4. Significance and Use
throughthecenterneckandchargetheflaskwiththecalculated
4.1 This practice is suitable for all types of akalali-soluble
amount of ammonium hydroxide and water. Using moderate
resins. The resin manufacturer shall specify the percent am-
agitation, slowly add the resin to the contents of the flask.
monium hydroxide to be used (based on the equivalent weight
Adjust the agitator speed as necessary to keep the resin
of resin) and the maximum temperature to be used to achieve
suspended and moving, but not so fast as to entrain air into the
solution.
solution. Heat the solution to the specified temperature within
10 min, and maintain this temperature until the solution is
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 on Polishes
complete,orforamaximumof30min.Ifthesolutioniscloudy
and is the
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is not appropriate for alkali-soluble resins whose acid functionality is due to incorporated anhydrides. Variations in manufacture, storage, and possible contamination of anhydride functional resins may cause partial hydrolysis, or esterification, which will invalidate data from this test method. Anhydride functional resins should be characterized by Test Method D3644.  
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4.1 This test method is used to determine the property of styrene-maleic anhydride resins functionality. Acid functionality determines the utility of resin as well as being a significant quality control test.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the softening point of certain alkali-soluble resins having uniform plastic flow characteristics as the melting point is approached.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 General Utility:  
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1.1 This specification2 covers polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prepared by coagulation of a dispersion. These PTFE resins are homopolymers of tetrafluoroethylene or modified homopolymers containing not more than 1 % by weight of other fluoromonomers. The materials covered herein do not include mixtures of PTFE with additives such as colors, fillers, or plasticizers; nor do they include reprocessed or reground resin or any fabricated articles because the properties of such materials have been irreversibly changed when they were fibrillated or sintered.  
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ASTM D7750-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Cure Behavior of Thermosetting Resins by Dynamic Mechanical Procedures using an Encapsulated Specimen Rheometer

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5.1 This method provides a simple means of characterizing the cure behavior of a thermosetting resin specimen that is a representation of a composite part. The diameter of the specimen is approximately 38 mm and the thickness ranges from 2.6 mm to 3.2 mm. This corresponds to a sample volume of approximately 3 cm3 to 4 cm3. The data may be used for quality control, research and development, and verifying the cure within processing equipment including autoclaves.  
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5.3.3 The effects of processing treatments,  
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5.3.5 The effects of reinforcement on cure; the reinforcement can be a fiber or a filler,  
5.3.6 The effects of materials used to bond the resin and reinforcement,  
5.3.7 The effect of formulation additives that might affect processability or performance.  
5.4 This provides a method to assess the cure properties of a thermosetting resin containing woven fiber or other reinforcing materials.  
5.5 This method is valid for a wide range of oscillation frequencies typically from 0.002 Hz to 50 Hz.
Note 1: It is recommended tha...
SCOPE
1.1 This method covers the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determination and reporting of the thermal advancement of cure behavior of thermosetting resin on an inert filler or fiber in a laboratory. It may also be used for determining the cure properties of resins without fillers or fibers. These encapsulated specimens are deformed in torsional shear using dynamic mechanical methods.  
1.2 This method is intended to provide means for determining the cure behavior of thermosetting resins on fibers over a range of temperatures from room temperature to 250 °C by forced-constant amplitude techniques (in accordance with Practice D4065). Plots of complex modulus, complex viscosity, and damping ratio or tan delta as a function of time or temperature, or both, quantify the thermal advancement or cure characteristics of a resin or a resin on filler or fiber.  
1.3 Test data obtained by this method is relevant and appropriate for optimizing cure cycles.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—The Fahrenheit temperature measurement in 10.1 is provided for information only and is not considered standard.  
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