ASTM E455-11
(Test Method)Standard Method for Static Load Testing of Framed Floor or Roof Diaphragm Constructions for Buildings
Standard Method for Static Load Testing of Framed Floor or Roof Diaphragm Constructions for Buildings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Framed floor and roof systems are tested by this test method for static shear capacity. This test method will help determine structural diaphragm properties needed for design purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures designed (1) to evaluate the static shear capacity of a typical segment of a framed diaphragm under simulated loading conditions, and (2) to provide a determination of the stiffness of the construction and its connections. A diaphragm construction is an assembly of materials designed to transmit shear forces in the plane of the construction.
1.2 No effort has been made to specify the test apparatus, as there are a number that can be used as long as the needs of the testing agency are met. If round-robin testing is to be conducted, test apparatus and testing procedures shall be mutually agreed upon in advance by the participants.
1.3 The text of this standard contains notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information and are not requirements of the standard. Notes and footnotes in tables and figures are requirements of this standard.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.
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Designation: E455 − 11
StandardTest Method for
Static Load Testing of Framed Floor or Roof Diaphragm
1
Constructions for Buildings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E455; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests of
Building Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As-
1.1 This test method covers procedures designed (1)to
semblies
evaluate the static shear capacity of a typical segment of a
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
framed diaphragm under simulated loading conditions, and (2)
to provide a determination of the stiffness of the construction
3. Terminology
and its connections. A diaphragm construction is an assembly
of materials designed to transmit shear forces in the plane of
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
the construction.
Terminology E631.
1.2 No effort has been made to specify the test apparatus, as
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
there are a number that can be used as long as the needs of the
3.2.1 diaphragm—horizontal or sloped system acting to
testing agency are met. If round-robin testing is to be
transmit lateral forces to the vertical resisting elements.
conducted, test apparatus and testing procedures shall be
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Adiaphragm is analogous to a horizon-
mutually agreed upon in advance by the participants.
tal deep beam with interconnected membrane elements such as
1.3 The text of this standard contains notes and footnotes
panels, sheathing, or cladding acting as the deep beam web,
that provide explanatory information and are not requirements
intermediate elements such as joists acting as web stiffeners,
of the standard. Notes and footnotes in tables and figures are
andperimeterboundaryelementssuchasgirdersactingasdeep
requirements of this standard.
beam chords.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.3 Symbols Specific to This Standard:
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
E = modulus of elasticity of flange or web material,
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. depending upon which material is held constant
in a transformed section analysis, psi (or MPa).
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
G = shear modulus of the web material, psi (or MPa).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
G' = shear stiffness of the diaphragm obtained from
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
test (includes shear deformation factor for the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
connection system), lbf/in. (or N/mm).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
I = moment of inertia of the transformed section of
precautionary statements, see Section 6.
4
the diaphragm based on webs or flanges, in. (or
4
mm ).
2. Referenced Documents
L = total span of a simply supported diaphragm, in.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(or mm).
P = concentrated load, lbf (or N).
P = maximum jack load applied to test frame, lbf (or
max
1
N).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.11 R = maximum diaphragm reaction, lbf (or N).
u
on Horizontal and Vertical Structures/Structural Performance of Completed Struc-
S = ultimate shear strength of the diaphragm, lbf/ft
u
tures.
(or N/m).
Current edition approved April 15, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally
a = span length of cantilever diaphragm, in. (or mm).
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E455 – 10. DOI:
b = depth of diaphragm, in. (or mm).
10.1520/E0455-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
t = thickness of web material, in. (or mm).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
w = uniform load, lbf/in. (or N/mm).
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
∆ = bending deflection of diaphragm, in. (or mm).
b
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E455 − 11
intermediate and perimeter supports. It is necessary to ensure
∆ = empirical expression for that portion of the dia-
k
that the type of connection system used and its application as
phragm deflection contributed by the shear defor-
nearly as possible duplicate the system intended for use in the
m
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E455–10 Designation: E455 – 11
Standard Test Method for
Static Load Testing of Framed Floor or Roof Diaphragm
1
Constructions for Buildings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E455; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers procedures designed (1) to evaluate the static shear capacity of a typical segment of a framed
diaphragm under simulated loading conditions, and (2) to provide a determination of the stiffness of the construction and its
connections. A diaphragm construction is an assembly of materials designed to transmit shear forces in the plane of the
construction.
1.2 No effort has been made to specify the test apparatus, as there are a number that can be used as long as the needs of the
testing agency are met. If round-robin testing is to be conducted, test apparatus and testing procedures shall be mutually agreed
upon in advance by the participants.
1.3 The text of this standard contains notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information and are not requirements of the
standard. Notes and footnotes in tables and figures are requirements of this standard.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests of Building Constructions, Elements, Connections, and Assemblies
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology E631.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 diaphragm—horizontal or sloped system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical resisting elements.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—A diaphragm is analogous to a horizontal deep beam with interconnected membrane elements such as
panels, sheathing, or cladding acting as the deep beam web, intermediate elements such as joists acting as web stiffeners, and
perimeter boundary elements such as girders acting as deep beam chords.
3.3 Symbols Specific to This Standard:
E = modulus of elasticity of flange or web material, depending upon which material is held constant in a transformed
section analysis, psi (or MPa).
G = shear modulus of the web material, psi (or MPa).
G8 = shear stiffness of the diaphragm obtained from test (includes shear deformation factor for the connection system),
lbf/in. (or N/mm).
4 4
I = moment of inertia of the transformed section of the diaphragm based on webs or flanges, in. (or mm ).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.11 on Horizontal
and Vertical Structures/Structural Performance of Completed Structures.
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2010.PublishedAugust2010.Originallyapprovedin1976.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2004asE455–04.DOI:10.1520/E0455-10.
CurrenteditionapprovedApril15,2011.PublishedMay2011.Originallyapprovedin1976.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2010asE455 – 10.DOI:10.1520/E0455-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E455 – 11
L = total span of a simply supported diaphragm, in. (or mm).
P = concentrated load, lbf (or N).
P = maximum jack load applied to test frame, lbf (or N).
max
R = maximum diaphragm reaction, lbf (or N).
u
S = ultimate shear strength of the diaphragm, lbf/ft (or N/m).
u
a = span length of ca
...
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