ASTM E455-10
(Test Method)Standard Method for Static Load Testing of Framed Floor or Roof Diaphragm Constructions for Buildings
Standard Method for Static Load Testing of Framed Floor or Roof Diaphragm Constructions for Buildings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Framed floor and roof systems are tested by this test method for static shear capacity. This test method will help determine structural diaphragm properties needed for design purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures designed (1) to evaluate the static shear capacity of a typical segment of a framed diaphragm under simulated loading conditions, and (2) to provide a determination of the stiffness of the construction and its connections. A diaphragm construction is an assembly of materials designed to transmit shear forces in the plane of the construction.
1.2 No effort has been made to specify the test apparatus, as there are a number that can be used as long as the needs of the testing agency are met. If round-robin testing is to be conducted, test apparatus and testing procedures shall be mutually agreed upon in advance by the participants.
1.3 The text of this standard contains notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information and are not requirements of the standard. Notes and footnotes in tables and figures are requirements of this standard.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.
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Designation: E455 – 10
Standard Test Method for
Static Load Testing of Framed Floor or Roof Diaphragm
1
Constructions for Buildings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E455; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers procedures designed (1)to 3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
evaluate the static shear capacity of a typical segment of a Terminology E631.
framed diaphragm under simulated loading conditions, and (2) 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
to provide a determination of the stiffness of the construction 3.2.1 diaphragm—horizontal or sloped system acting to
and its connections. A diaphragm construction is an assembly transmit lateral forces to the vertical resisting elements.
of materials designed to transmit shear forces in the plane of 3.2.1.1 Discussion—Adiaphragmisanalogoustoahorizon-
the construction. tal deep beam with interconnected membrane elements such as
1.2 No effort has been made to specify the test apparatus, as panels, sheathing, or cladding acting as the deep beam web,
there are a number that can be used as long as the needs of the intermediate elements such as joists acting as web stiffeners,
testing agency are met. If round-robin testing is to be con- andperimeterboundaryelementssuchasgirdersactingasdeep
ducted, test apparatus and testing procedures shall be mutually beam chords.
agreed upon in advance by the participants. 3.3 Symbols Specific to This Standard:
1.3 The text of this standard contains notes and footnotes
that provide explanatory information and are not requirements
E = modulus of elasticity of flange or web mate-
of the standard. Notes and footnotes in tables and figures are
rial, depending upon which material is held
requirements of this standard.
constant in a transformed section analysis, psi
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
(or MPa).
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
G = shear modulus of the web material, psi (or
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
MPa).
and are not considered standard.
G8 = shear stiffness of the diaphragm obtained
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
from test (includes shear deformation factor
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
for the connection system), lbf/in. (or N/mm).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
I = moment of inertia of the transformed section
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of the diaphragm based on webs or flanges,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
4 4
in. (or mm ).
precautionary statements, see Section 6.
L = total span of a simply supported diaphragm,
in. (or mm).
2. Referenced Documents
P = concentrated load, lbf (or N).
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
P = maximum jack load applied to test frame, lbf
max
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
(or N).
R = maximum diaphragm reaction, lbf (or N).
u
S = ultimate shear strength of the diaphragm,
1
u
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
lbf/ft (or N/m).
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.11
on Horizontal and Vertical Structures/Structural Performance of Completed Struc- a = span length of cantilever diaphragm, in. (or
tures.
mm).
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originally
b = depth of diaphragm, in. (or mm).
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E455 – 04. DOI:
t = thickness of web material, in. (or mm).
10.1520/E0455-10.
2
w = uniform load, lbf/in. (or N/mm).
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D = bending deflection of diaphragm, in. (or mm).
b
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E455 – 10
of connection system used and its application as nearly as
D = empirical expression for that portion of the
k
possible duplicate the system intended for use in the prototype
diaphragm deflection contributed by the shear
structure.
deformation of the connection system, in. (or
4.3 Deformations—The in-plane diaphragm deformation(s)
mm).
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E455–04 Designation: E455 – 10
Standard Test Method for
Static Load Testing of Framed Floor or Roof Diaphragm
1
Constructions for Buildings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E455; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers procedures designed (1) to evaluate the static shear capacity of a typical segment of a framed
diaphragm under simulated loading conditions, and (2) to provide a determination of the stiffness of the construction and its
connections. A diaphragm construction is an assembly of materials designed to transmit shear forces in the plane of the
construction.
1.2 No effort has been made to specify the test apparatus, as there are a number that can be used as long as the needs of the
testing agency are met. If round-robin testing is to be conducted, test apparatus and testing procedures shall be mutually agreed
upon in advance by the participants.
1.3 The text of this standard contains notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information and are not requirements of the
standard. Notes and footnotes in tables and figures are requirements of this standard.
1.4The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology E631.
3.2 Symbols specific to this standardDefinitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 diaphragm—horizontal or sloped system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical resisting elements.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—A diaphragm is analogous to a horizontal deep beam with interconnected membrane elements such as
panels, sheathing, or cladding acting as the deep beam web, intermediate elements such as joists acting as web stiffeners, and
perimeter boundary elements such as girders acting as deep beam chords.
3.3 Symbols Specific to This Standard:
E = modulus of elasticity of flange or web material, depending upon which material is held constant in a transformed
section analysis, psi (or MPa).
G = shear modulus of the web material, psi (or MPa).
G8 = shear stiffness of the diaphragm obtained from test (includes shear deformation factor for the connection system),
lbf/in. (or N/mm).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.11 on Horizontal
and Vertical Structures/Structural Performance of Completed Structures.
Current edition approved AprilMay 1, 2004.2010. Published April 2004.August 2010. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 19982004 as
E455–98.E455 – 04. DOI: 10.1520/E0455-104.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E455 – 10
4 4
I = moment of inertia of the transformed section of the diaphragm based on webs or flanges, in. (or mm)).
L = total span of a simply supported diaphragm, in. (or mm).
P = concentrated load, lbf (or N).
P = maximum jack load applied to test frame, lbf (or N).
max
R = maximum diaphragm reaction, lbf (or N).
u
S = ultimate shear strength of the diaphragm, lbf/ft (or N/m).
u
a = span length of cantilever diaphragm, in. (or mm).
b = de
...
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