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ASTM D7273/D7273M-08(2020)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geonets and Geonet Drainage Geocomposites

Standard Guide for Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geonets and Geonet Drainage Geocomposites

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testing frequency requirements for geonet and geonet drainage geocomposite materials describing types of tests, test methods, and recommended verifications.  
1.2 This guide is intended to aid purchasers, installers, contractors, owners, operators, designers, and agencies in establishing a minimum level of effort for product acceptance testing and verification. This is intended to ensure that the supplied geonet and/or geonet drainage geocomposite roll(s) meet accepted material specifications.  
1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this guide be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide means only that the guide has been approved through the ASTM International consensus process.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2020
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.01 - Mechanical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D1603-20 - Standard Test Method for Carbon Black Content in Olefin Plastics
Effective Date
01-Feb-2020
Refers
ASTM D4218-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon Black Content in Polyethylene Compounds by the Muffle-Furnace Technique
Effective Date
01-Feb-2020
Refers
ASTM D4354-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM D4751-20 - Standard Test Methods for Determining Apparent Opening Size of a Geotextile
Effective Date
01-Jan-2020
Referred By
ASTM D7931/D7931M-21a - Standard Guide for Specifying Drainage Geocomposites
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020

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ASTM D7273/D7273M-08(2020) - Standard Guide for Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geonets and Geonet Drainage GeocompositesASTM D7273/D7273M-08(2020) - Standard Guide for Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geonets and Geonet Drainage Geocomposites
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ASTM D7273/D7273M-08(2020) - Standard Guide for Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geonets and Geonet Drainage Geocomposites
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7273/D7273M − 08 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Guide for
Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geonets and Geonet
1
Drainage Geocomposites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7273/D7273M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testing
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
frequency requirements for geonet and geonet drainage geo-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
compositematerialsdescribingtypesoftests,testmethods,and
recommended verifications.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 This guide is intended to aid purchasers, installers,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
contractors, owners, operators, designers, and agencies in
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
establishing a minimum level of effort for product acceptance
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
testing and verification. This is intended to ensure that the
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
supplied geonet and/or geonet drainage geocomposite roll(s)
Gradient Technique
meet accepted material specifications.
D1603 Test Method for Carbon Black Content in Olefin
1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information
Plastics
oraseriesofoptionsanddoesnotrecommendaspecificcourse
D4218 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Black
of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience
Content in Polyethylene Compounds by the Muffle-
and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Furnace Technique
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circum-
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
stances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the
Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional
D4355/D4355M Test Method for Deterioration of Geotex-
service must be judged, nor should this guide be applied
tiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The
Arc-Type Apparatus
word “Standard” in the title of this guide means only that the
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
guide has been approved through the ASTM International
D4491/D4491M Test Methods for Water Permeability of
consensus process.
Geotextiles by Permittivity
D4533/D4533M Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in Strength of Geotextiles
D4632/D4632M Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be Elongation of Geotextiles
D4716/D4716M Test Method for Determining the (In-plane)
used independently of the other, and values from the two
systems shall not be combined. Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity
of a Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D4751 Test Methods for Determining Apparent Opening
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Size of a Geotextile
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D4759 Practice for Determining the Specification Confor-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mance of Geosynthetics
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D4873/D4873M Guide for Identification, Storage, and Han-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dling of Geosynthetic Rolls and Samples
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics
2
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7273/D7273M – 08 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ɛ1
(2013) . DOI: 10.1520/D7273_D7273M-08R20. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
...

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1.1.2 The filtering efficiency indicates the percent of sediment removed from sediment-laden water.  
1.1.3 The flow rate is the average rate of passage of the sediment-laden water through the filtration component of a sediment retention device.  
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1.1 This test method is an index test used to measure the force required to continue or propagate a tear in woven or nonwoven geotextiles by the trapezoid method. While useful for quality control and acceptance testing, the trapezoid tear test does not provide all the information needed for all design applications and other test methods should be used.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to most geotextiles that include woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, layered fabrics, knit fabrics, and felts that are used for geotextile applications.  
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5.1 The significant opening size of geotextiles is usually determined using Test Method D4751, which involves sieving calibrated beads through specimens of the geotextile being evaluated. However, Test Method D4751 includes many risks of errors due to static electricity, precision of the glass beads, among other issues.5 This risk of error is even higher with knitted geotextiles which exhibit a very low tensile modulus. This test method is proposed as an alternate to Test Method D4751 using a nondestructive technique, where the stress conditions are controlled without manipulation of the specimen.  
5.2 This test method has been found to provide representative results for products exhibiting a planar structure, such as two-dimensional knits.  
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5.4 Equivalency with the other pore opening size determined using other standards (for example, ISO 12956 and CGSB 148.1 No. 10) can also be considered using adequate correlations with test results obtained with these standards.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pore size characteristics of geotextiles using an optical method and image analysis.  
1.2 This method has been developed for determination of the Image Opening Size (IOS) of knitted geotextiles by image analysis. Other properties may be obtained based on the pore size distribution.  
1.3 The applicability of this test method must be assessed on a product-by-product basis, as it requires light to pass through its thickness to provide a useful observation. As a general rule, the tested product must be thin. Example of products which cannot be tested using this test method is thick needle-punched nonwoven and woven with a complex three-dimensional structure.  
1.4 This test method shows values in both SI units and inch-pound units. SI units is the technically correct name for the system of metric units known as the International System of Units. Inch-pound units is the technically correct name for the customary units used in the United States. The values in inch-pound units are provided for information only.  
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Standard Practice for Use of an Electrically Conductive Geotextile for Leak Location Surveys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 With the increased use of geomembranes as a barrier material to restrict liquid migration from one location to another, a need has been created for standardized tests by which the continuity of the installed geomembrane, including the seams, can be evaluated. This practice is intended to meet such a need whenever the subgrade soil is nonconductive, or a geomembrane is installed on a nonconductive material.  
5.2 The use of a suitably conductive geotextile installed between a nonconductive soil or material and the geomembrane will permit electrical leak location survey to be conducted.  
5.3 The compatibility of a conductive geotextile and leak location equipment shall be assessed for each leak location technique considered (covered or exposed, when applicable). A realistic small-scale test shall have been conducted by the supplier of geotextile and/or leak detection equipment to demonstrate their mutual compatibility for a given leak detection technique.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard practice describes standard procedures for using a conductive geotextile with electrical methods to locate leaks in exposed geomembranes and geomembranes covered with water or earth materials containing moisture.  
1.2 This standard practice provides guidance for the use of appropriate conductive geotextile used in leak location surveys on geomembranes. This guide includes all types of conductive geotextiles with sufficient conductivity for the particular electrical leak location method. A conductive geotextile is applicable to all types of geoelectric surveys when there is otherwise not a conductive layer under the geomembrane.  
1.3 This standard practice is intended to ensure that leak location surveys can always be performed with a reasonable level of certainty. This standard practice provides guidance for the use of appropriate conductive geotextiles used in leak location surveys on geomembranes.  
1.4 Leak location surveys can be used on nonconductive geomembranes installed in basins, ponds, tanks, ore and waste pads, landfill cells, landfill caps, other containment facilities, and building applications such as in parking garages, decks, and green roofs. The procedures are applicable for geomembranes made of nonconductive materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, bituminous material, and other electrically insulating materials. Leak location surveys involving conductive or partially conductive geomembranes are not within the scope of this document.  
1.5 Warning—The electrical methods used for geomembrane leak location could use high voltages, resulting in the potential for electrical shock or electrocution. This hazard might be increased because operations might be conducted in or near water. In particular, a high voltage could exist between the water or earth material and earth ground, or any grounded conductor. These procedures are potentially VERY DANGEROUS, and can result in personal injury or death. Because of the high voltage that could be involved, and the shock or electrocution hazard, do not come in electrical contact with any leak unless the excitation power supply is turned off. The electrical methods used for geomembrane leak location should be attempted only by qualified and experienced personnel. Appropriate safety measures must be taken to protect the leak location operators as well as other people at the site.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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5.3 This test method is applicable to geogrid products with essentially symmetrical orthogonal or non-orthogonal ribs, yarns, or straps, that is, geogrids which are composed of ribs, yarns, or straps that are entangled through weaving or knitting, welded, bonded, or formed through drawing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is an index test which provides a procedure for determining the strength of an individual geogrid junction, also called a node. The test is configured such that a single rib is pulled from its junction with a rib(s) transverse to the test direction to obtain the maximum force, or strength of the junction. The procedure allows for the use of two different clamps with the appropriate clamp selected to minimize the influence of the clamping mechanism on the specific type of geogrid to be tested.  
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ASTM D7864/D7864M-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Aperture Stability Modulus of Geogrids

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5.1 The aperture stability modulus is a measure of the in-plane shear modulus, which is a function of other geogrid characteristics, most notably junction stability, flexural rib stiffness, and rib tensile modulus.  
5.2 The test data can be used in conjunction with interpretive methods to evaluate the geogrid aperture stability at various traffic loads and base/subgrade conditions.
Note 1: Aperture stability modulus is referenced in the FHWA Geosynthetics Design and Construction Guidelines (2008) as an input parameter for the design of geogrid-reinforced unpaved roads using punched and drawn biaxial geogrids. Geogrids of different manufacturing process and material composition may use this property in calibration and validation of their material within the associated design.  
5.3 This test method is not intended for routine acceptance testing of geogrid. This test method should be used to characterize geogrid intended for use in applications in which aperture stability is considered relevant.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for measuring the Aperture Stability Modulus of a geogrid. (The terms “Secant Aperture Stability Modulus,” “Torsional Rigidity Modulus,” “In-plane Shear Modulus,” and “Torsional Stiffness Modulus” have been used in the literature to describe this same property.)  
1.2 This test method is intended to determine the in-plane stability of a geogrid by clamping a center node and measuring the stiffness over an area of the geogrid. This test method is applicable for various types of geogrid.  
1.3 This test method is intended to provide characteristic properties for design. The test method was developed for pavement and subgrade improvement calibrated design methods requiring input of aperture stability modulus.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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