ASTM D4533-04

Standard Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is an index test used to measure the force required to continue or propagate a tear in woven or non-woven geotextiles by the trapezoid method. While useful for quality control and acceptance testing, the trapezoid tear test does not provide all the information needed for all design applications and other test methods should be used.
1.2 This test method is applicable to most geotextiles that include woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, layered fabrics, knit fabrics, and felts that are used for geotextile applications.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2004
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.01 - Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4533-91(1996) - Standard Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM D4533-04(2009) - Standard Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D4759-11(2018)e1 - Standard Practice for Determining the Specification Conformance of Geosynthetics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6685-01(2015) - Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Fabrics Used for Fabric Formed Concrete (FFC)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F2970-22 - Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, Installation, Operation, Maintenance, Inspection and Major Modification of Trampoline Courts
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6389-17 - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D8102-17 - Standard Practice for Manufacturing Quality Control of Geotextiles
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4533–04
Standard Test Method for
1
Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4533; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, n—air maintained
at a relative humidity of 65 6 5 % and a temperature of 21 6
1.1 This test method is an index test used to measure the
2°C (70 6 4°F).
force required to continue or propagate a tear in woven or
3.1.2 geotextile, n—any permeable textile material used
non-woven geotextiles by the trapezoid method. While useful
with foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical
for quality control and acceptance testing, the trapezoid tear
engineering related material as an integral part of a man-made
test does not provide all the information needed for all design
product, structure, or system.
applications and other test methods should be used.
3.1.3 tearing strength, n—the force required to either (1)
1.2 This test method is applicable to most geotextiles that
start, or (2) continue or propagate a tear in a fabric under
include woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, layered fabrics, knit
specified conditions.
fabrics, and felts that are used for geotextile applications.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—This test method uses the maximum
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
value of the tearing force as the tearing strength.
standard.
3.1.4 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
refer to Terminology D 123 or Terminology D 4439.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 An outline of an isosceles trapezoid is marked on a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
rectangular specimen cut for the determination of tearing
2. Referenced Documents strength (see Fig. 1), and the nonparallel sides of the trapezoid
2
marked on the specimen are clamped in parallel jaws of a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tensile testing machine. The separation of the jaws is continu-
D76 SpecificationforTensileTestingMachinesforTextiles
ously increased so the tear propagates across the specimen. At
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
the same time, the force developed is recorded. The tearing
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
strength, which is the maximum value of the tearing force, is
D 2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens
obtainedfromtheautographicforce–extensioncurve(seeFig.
for Textiles
2).
D 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
D 4439 Terminology for Relating to Geosynthetics
5. Significance and Use
3. Terminology 5.1 The trapezoid tear method is a test that produces tension
along a reasonably defined course such that the tear propagates
3.1 Definitions:
across the width of the specimen. The trapezoid tearing
strength for woven fabrics is determined primarily by the
properties of the yarns that are gripped in the clamps. In
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
nonwoven fabrics, because the individual fibers are more or
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10.0 on .
lessrandomlyorientedandcapableofsomereorientationinthe
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published December 2004. Originally
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D 4533–91(1996).
direction of the applied load, the maximum trapezoid tearing
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
strength is reached when the resistance to further reorientation
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
is greater than the force required to rupture one or more fibers
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. simultaneously.
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D4533–04
from a lot of material of the type in question. Test specimens
should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each
laboratory for testing. The average results from the two
laboratories should be compared using the appropriate Stu-
dent’s t-test and an acceptable probability level chosen by the
two parties before testing is begun. If a bias
...