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ASTM F1778-97(2002)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Selection of Skimmers for Oil-Spill Response

Standard Guide for Selection of Skimmers for Oil-Spill Response

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended to facilitate the oil spill response equipment selection process for local, regional, and national spill response teams. It is not intended to define rigid sets of equipment standards.
The effectiveness of the equipment chosen to combat an oil spill will depend on the oil type and environment(s) encountered, as well as other factors. This guide is intended to be used by persons generally familiar with the practical aspects of oil spill cleanup operations including on-scene response coordinators, planners, oil spill management teams, oil spill removal organizations, and plan evaluators.
Eleven general types of skimming systems are described in this guide. Each description includes a summary of the operating principle and a list of selection considerations.
Selection considerations are included to guide the user on the selection of a particular skimmer type or category. Users are cautioned that within each category there may be a wide variation in performance among various skimmers.
When selecting a skimmer for use in extremely cold conditions, consideration should be given to the effect of ice forming on the skimmer, changes in buoyancy, possible restriction of inlets, and changes to hydraulic efficiency. Because there may be wide variations in skimmer performance at extreme temperatures, even within a given category, ambient temperature is not included as a selection consideration.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers considerations for selecting skimmer systems for the recovery of marine-oil spills. The purpose of this guide is to provide oil spill response planners, equipment manufacturers, users, and government agencies with a standard on the equipment selection process for the removal of oil from the marine environment.
1.2 This guide does not address the compatibility of spill-control equipment with spill products. It is the user's responsibility to ensure that any equipment selected is compatible with anticipated products and conditions.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-2002
ICS
13.020.40 - Pollution, pollution control and conservation
Technical Committee
F20 - Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response
Drafting Committee
F20.12 - Removal
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1778-97 - Standard Guide for Selection of Skimmers for Oil-Spill Response
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Replaced By
ASTM F1778-97(2008) - Standard Guide for Selection of Skimmers for Oil-Spill Response
Effective Date
15-Sep-2008

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ASTM F1778-97(2002) - Standard Guide for Selection of Skimmers for Oil-Spill ResponseASTM F1778-97(2002) - Standard Guide for Selection of Skimmers for Oil-Spill Response
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ASTM F1778-97(2002) - Standard Guide for Selection of Skimmers for Oil-Spill Response
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F1778–97 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Guide for
1
Selection of Skimmers for Oil-Spill Response
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.4 recovery effıciency—the ratio, expressed as a percent-
age, of the volume of oil recovered to the volume of total fluids
1.1 This guide covers considerations for selecting skimmer
recovered.
systems for the recovery of marine-oil spills. The purpose of
(F 631)
this guide is to provide oil spill response planners, equipment
3.1.5 throughput effıciency—the ratio, expressed as a per-
manufacturers, users, and government agencies with a standard
centage, of the volume of oil recovered to the volume of oil
on the equipment selection process for the removal of oil from
encountered.
the marine environment.
(F 631)
1.2 This guide does not address the compatibility of spill-
control equipment with spill products. It is the user’s respon-
4. Significance and Use
sibility to ensure that any equipment selected is compatible
4.1 This guide is intended to facilitate the oil spill response
with anticipated products and conditions.
equipment selection process for local, regional, and national
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
spill response teams. It is not intended to define rigid sets of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
equipment standards.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 The effectiveness of the equipment chosen to combat an
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
oil spill will depend on the oil type and environment(s)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
encountered, as well as other factors. This guide is intended to
2. Referenced Documents be used by persons generally familiar with the practical aspects
2
of oil spill cleanup operations including on-scene response
2.1 ASTM Standards:
coordinators, planners, oil spill management teams, oil spill
F 625 Practice for Classifying Water Bodies for Spill Con-
removal organizations, and plan evaluators.
trol Systems
4.3 Elevengeneraltypesofskimmingsystemsaredescribed
F 631 Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data in
in this guide. Each description includes a summary of the
Controlled Environments
operating principle and a list of selection considerations.
3. Terminology
4.4 Selection considerations are included to guide the user
ontheselectionofaparticularskimmertypeorcategory.Users
3.1 Definitions:
are cautioned that within each category there may be a wide
3.1.1 encounter rate—the volume of oil per unit time
variation in performance among various skimmers.
actively directed to the removal mechanism.
4.5 When selecting a skimmer for use in extremely cold
(F 631)
conditions, consideration should be given to the effect of ice
3.1.2 nameplate recovery rate—the maximum skimming
formingontheskimmer,changesinbuoyancy,possiblerestric-
capacity of a device under optimum conditions of oil type,
tion of inlets, and changes to hydraulic efficiency. Because
slick conditions, and environmental conditions.
there may be wide variations in skimmer performance at
3.1.3 oil recovery rate—the volume of oil recovered by the
extreme temperatures, even within a given category, ambient
device per unit time.
temperature is not included as a selection consideration.
(F 631)
5. Skimmer Selection Considerations
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
5.1 Selecting a type of skimmer for a given application
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
involves examining the skimmer’s likely performance against
F20.12 on Removal.
a range of operational requirements. The following are recom-
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published February 2003. Originally
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as F 1778 – 97.
mended as a guide to this process, with the requirements
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
grouped according to the operating environment, the slick
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
conditions, and skimmer performance criteria. Comments on
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1778–97 (2002)
each of these operational requirements, specifi
...

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4.1 This guide is intended to facilitate the oil spill response equipment selection process for local, regional, and national spill response teams. It is not intended to define rigid sets of equipment standards.  
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1.1 This guide covers considerations for selecting skimmer systems for the recovery of marine-oil spills. The purpose of this guide is to provide oil spill response planners, equipment manufacturers, users, and government agencies with a standard on the equipment selection process for the removal of oil from the marine environment.  
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