ASTM F3634-23
(Guide)Standard Guide for Preparing Weathered Samples of Oil Using a Rotary Evaporator
Standard Guide for Preparing Weathered Samples of Oil Using a Rotary Evaporator
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A standard procedure is necessary to prepare samples of oils or petroleum products at different oil weathering stages with compositional distribution that is representative of weathered spilled oil.
4.2 This procedure uses standardized equipment and test procedures.
4.3 This procedure should be performed at the stages of weathering corresponding to the spill conditions of interest.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide summarizes methods to produce representative residual oil following evaporative weathering using a rotary evaporator.
1.1.1 The results of this guide can provide weathered oil samples for further study and characterization.
1.2 This guide covers general procedures for artificial weathering of oil by using rotary evaporation devices and does not cover all possible procedures that may be applicable to this topic.
1.3 The accuracy of this guide depends very much on the representative nature of the oil sample used. Certain oils can have different properties depending on their chemical contents at the time a sample is taken.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3634 − 23
Standard Guide for
Preparing Weathered Samples of Oil Using a Rotary
1
Evaporator
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3634; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ments on Weathered Fractions of Oil
1.1 This guide summarizes methods to produce representa-
3. Summary of Guide
tive residual oil following evaporative weathering using a
rotary evaporator.
3.1 Oil is evaporatively weathered to at least three stages
1.1.1 The results of this guide can provide weathered oil
with the first stage being fresh oil, the second being
samples for further study and characterization.
intermediate, and the final stage being extensive. Extensive
weathering is reasonably maximum weathering, for example,
1.2 This guide covers general procedures for artificial
ten days equivalent or with little change in properties occurring
weathering of oil by using rotary evaporation devices and does
in the final substages of weathering. For this guide, accelerated
not cover all possible procedures that may be applicable to this
weathering is applied for 48 h.
topic.
3.1.1 An exception is some residual fuel oils that have
1.3 The accuracy of this guide depends very much on the
limited volatile content and do not have evaporative mass loss
representative nature of the oil sample used. Certain oils can
greater than 5 % over the 48 h period of the procedure. For
have different properties depending on their chemical contents
these products, an intermediate weathered sample may not be
at the time a sample is taken.
informative.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
3.2 Subsamples of the oil are taken at each weathering stage
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
and further analysis can be performed on the samples.
this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 A standard procedure is necessary to prepare samples of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
oils or petroleum products at different oil weathering stages
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
with compositional distribution that is representative of weath-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ered spilled oil.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.2 This procedure uses standardized equipment and test
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
procedures.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.3 This procedure should be performed at the stages of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
weathering corresponding to the spill conditions of interest.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents 5. Interferences and Sources of Error
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Large proportions of inorganic substances in the oil
F3337 Guide for Taking Property and Behavior Measure-
sample, such as water and sediment that are produced with the
oil at source, can distort the evaporation profile of the bulk
hydrocarbons. Water and sediment are typically removed
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
during crude petroleum processing; however, if the oil sample
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
is sourced upstream of this step, then it is necessary to decant
F20.16 on Surveillance and Tracking.
the water before weathering to obtain an accurate value for
Current edition approved March 1, 2023. Published March 2023. DOI: 10.1520/
F3634-23.
hydrocarbon mass loss. The mass percentage of sediment shall
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
then be determined separately to adjust the initial mass of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
hydrocarbon to enable the correct percentage mass loss for the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. sample to be determined.
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F3634 − 23
5.2 Interferences can be caused by contaminants, particu- 7.2.1 Rotary Ev
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