ASTM D2534-88(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Kinetic Friction for Wax Coatings
Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Kinetic Friction for Wax Coatings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The coefficient of friction is related to the slip properties of many commercial articles that have been coated with petroleum wax (for example, butter cartons and wax-impregnated or hot melt coated corrugated board).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coefficient of kinetic friction for a petroleum wax coating or wax-based hot melt coating when sliding over itself.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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An American National Standard
Designation:D2534–88(Reapproved2004)
Standard Test Method for
Coefficient of Kinetic Friction for Wax Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2534; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coef- 5.1 The coefficient of friction is related to the slip properties
ficient of kinetic friction for a petroleum wax coating or of many commercial articles that have been coated with
wax-based hot melt coating when sliding over itself. petroleum wax (for example, butter cartons and wax-
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the impregnated or hot melt coated corrugated board).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
6. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 6.1 Sled Assembly, as shown in Fig. 1, weighing 180 61g,
and consisting of the following parts:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6.1.1 Brass Block, 25 mm (1 in.) wide by 13 mm ( ⁄2 in.)
2. Referenced Documents
thick by 75 mm (3 in.) long,
2.1 ASTM Standards: 6.1.2 Microscope Slide, cemented to one surface, 25 mm (1
D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of in.) by 75 mm (3 in.), and
Paper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, or Related Product 6.1.3 Detachable Handle, using 1.5 mm ( ⁄16 in.) weld rod.
D 1465 Test Method for Blocking and Picking Points of 6.2 Horizontal Plane Assembly and Pulling Device, consist-
Petroleum Wax ing of a metal or wood sheet covered by a smooth, flat piece of
glass approximately 150 by 300 mm (6 by 12 in.). The plane
3. Terminology
shall be supported by two 250 by 300-mm (10 by 12 in.)
3.1 Definitions: diagonal shelf-brackets. A board attached across the brackets
3.2 friction—the resistance to sliding exhibited by two
shall be clamped in the jaws of the lower crosshead of an
surfaces in contact with each other. Basically there are two electronic load cell-type tension tester. Adjust the assembly so
frictional properties exhibited by any surface; static friction thattheglasssurfaceislevel.Attachalow-frictionpulleyatthe
and kinetic friction.
edge of the plane with the outer side centered directly beneath
3.3 kinetic friction—the force that resists motion when a the load cell of the testing machine and the bottom side level
surface is moving with a uniform velocity; it is, therefore,
with the sled handle. Connect the sled handle to the load cell of
equal and opposite to the force required to maintain sliding of the tester by a light, flexible metal cable or polyester cord
the surface with a uniform velocity.
passing around the pulley.
6.3 Low-Friction Pulley, consisting of a pulley mounted in
4. Summary of Test Method
hardened steel cone bearings on a metal fork. The pulley
4.1 A coated surface under load is pulled at a uniform rate
should be constructed from materials having hardness and
over a second coated surface. The force required to move the
durability equivalent to phenolic-type materials.
load is measured, and the coefficient of kinetic friction is
7. Materials
calculated.
7.1 Scissors or Cutter, suitable for cutting waxed specimen
to the desired dimensions.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.10 on Properties of Petroleum Wax.
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 2534–88 (1999).
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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D2534–88 (2004)
FIG. 1 Coefficient of Kinetic Friction Sled Assembly
7.2 Adhesive Tapes, single-faced and double-faced, 13 to 20 10. Procedure
1 3
mm ( ⁄2 to ⁄4 in.) in width.
10.1 Lay down two strips of double-faced adhesive tape
alongthelengthoftheplanesothattheyareapproximately100
8. Sampling and Test Specimens
mm (4 in.) between centers.
8.1 Test specimens may be flexible, such as wax-coated
10.2 Attach the 250 by 130-mm specimen to the double-
paper, or rigid, such as wax-coated paperboard or corrugated
faced tape on the horizontal plane.
(Note 1). From each test unit obtained in accordance with
Practice D 585:
NOTE 2—For wax-coated paper, make the attachment so that the
8.1.1 For wax-coated paper, cut test specimens of two sizes:
specimen i
...
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