ASTM D1475-13

Standard Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Density is weight per unit volume. It is a key property in the identification, characterization, and quality control of a wide range of materials. Density measurements in terms of weight per gallon are commonly used to check paint quality. If the density is not within specification, there is a good chance that there was a mischarge or other serious problem.  
5.2 This test method is suitable for the determination of density of paint and related products and components when in liquid form. It is particularly applicable when the fluid has too high a viscosity or when a component is too volatile for a density balance determination.  
5.3 This test method provides for the maximum accuracy required for hiding power determinations. It is equally suitable for work in which less accuracy is required, by ignoring the directions for recalibration and consideration of temperature differentials, and using as the container a “weight-per-gallon” cup.  
5.4 Automatic equipment for measuring density is available (see Test Method D4052) from several manufacturers. Such apparatus has been used for resins and latices as well as for oils and solvents. Before such equipment is used for a given product, results must be checked very carefully. Particularly with paints, inks, and resins, there are possibilities of gumming, fouling, and other interferences with operation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of density of paints, inks, varnishes, lacquers, and components thereof, other than pigments, when in fluid form.  
1.2 For higher precision when working with nonpigmented materials (drying oils, varnishes, resins and related materials), Test Method D1963 can be used to determine specific gravity and, thence, density.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values for density are to be stated in inch-pound units.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precaution statement is given in 8.1.1.1.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2013
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.24 - Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1475 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1475; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
3
1. Scope cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of density of
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
paints,inks,varnishes,lacquers,andcomponentsthereof,other
than pigments, when in fluid form.
3. Terminology
1.2 For higher precision when working with nonpigmented
3.1 Definitions:
materials (drying oils, varnishes, resins and related materials),
3.1.1 density, n—the mass of a unit volume of a material at
Test Method D1963 can be used to determine specific gravity
a specified temperature. In this method, it is expressed as the
and, thence, density.
weight in grams per millilitre, or as the weight in pounds
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
avoirdupois of one U. S. gallon, of the liquid at the specified
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
temperature; in the absence of other temperature specification,
only.
25°C is assumed.
1.3.1 Exception—The values for density are to be stated in
3.1.2 specific gravity (relative density), n—the ratio of the
inch-pound units.
mass of a unit volume of a material at a stated temperature to
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the mass of the same volume of distilled water at the same
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
temperature.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precau-
4.1 Theaccuratelyknownabsolutedensityofdistilledwater
tion statement is given in 8.1.1.1.
at various temperatures (Table 1) is used to calibrate the
volume of a container. The weight of the paint liquid contents
2. Referenced Documents
of the same container at the standard temperature (25°C) or at
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
an agreed-upon temperature is then determined and density of
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
the contents calculated in terms of grams per millilitre, or
D1963 Test Method for Specific Gravity of Drying Oils,
pounds per gallon at the specified temperature.
Varnishes, Resins, and Related Materials at 25/25°C
3
(Withdrawn 2004)
5. Significance and Use
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
5.1 Densityisweightperunitvolume.Itisakeypropertyin
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
the identification, characterization, and quality control of a
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
wide range of materials. Density measurements in terms of
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
weight per gallon are commonly used to check paint quality. If
the density is not within specification, there is a good chance
1
that there was a mischarge or other serious problem.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
5.2 This test method is suitable for the determination of
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials.
density of paint and related products and components when in
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originally
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1475 – 98 (2012).
liquid form. It is particularly applicable when the fluid has too
DOI: 10.1520/D1475-13.
high a viscosity or when a component is too volatile for a
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
density balance determination.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5.3 This test method provides for the maximum accuracy
the ASTM website.
3
required for hiding power determinations. It is equally suitable
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. for work in which less accuracy is required, by ignoring the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1475 − 13
TABLE 1 Absolute Density of Water, g/mL
8. Calibration of Cup or Pycn
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1475 − 98 (Reapproved 2012) D1475 − 13
Standard Test Method For
1
Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1475; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of density of paints, inks, varnishes, lacquers, and components thereof, other than
pigments, when in fluid form.
1.2 For higher precision when working with nonpigmented materials (drying oils, varnishes, resins and related materials), Test
Method D1963 can be used to determine specific gravity and, thence, density.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only,only.
1.3.1 Exception—The values for density are to be stated in inch-pound units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. A specific precaution statement is given in 8.1.1.1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3
D1963 Test Method for Specific Gravity of Drying Oils, Varnishes, Resins, and Related Materials at 25/25°C (Withdrawn 2004)
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 density, n—the mass of a unit volume of a material at a specified temperature. In this method, it is expressed as the weight
in grams per millilitre, or as the weight in pounds avoirdupois of one U. S. gallon, of the liquid at the specified temperature; in
the absence of other temperature specification, 25°C is assumed.
3.1.2 specific gravity (relative density), n—the ratio of the mass of a unit volume of a material at a stated temperature to the mass
of the same volume of distilled water at the same temperature.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The accurately known absolute density of distilled water at various temperatures (Table 1) is used to calibrate the volume
of a container. The weight of the paint liquid contents of the same container at the standard temperature (25°C) or at an agreed-upon
temperature is then determined and density of the contents calculated in terms of grams per millilitre, or pounds per gallon at the
specified temperature.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint Materials.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2013. Published November 2012December 2013. Originally approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 20082012
as D1475 – 98 (2008).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D1475-98R12.10.1520/D1475-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1475 − 13
TABLE 1 Absolute Density of Water, g/mL
°C Density
15 0.999127
16 0.998971
17 0.998772
18 0.998623
19 0.998433
20 0.998231
21 0.998020
22 0.997798
23 0.997566
24 0.997324
25 0.997072
26 0.996811
27 0.996540
28 0.996260
29 0.995972
30 0.995684
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Density is weight per unit volume. It is a key property in the identification, characterization, and quality control of a wide
range of materials. Density measurements in terms of weight per gallon are commonly used to check paint quality. If the dens
...