ASTM C212-00(2006)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Structural Clay Facing Tile
Standard Specification for Structural Clay Facing Tile
ABSTRACT
This specification covers structural clay load-bearing facing tile. Structural facing tile are tile designed for use in interior and exterior unplastered walls and partitions of buildings. Two classes of structural clay facing tile are covered: standard - tile suitable for general use in exterior or interior masonry walls and partitions, and special duty - tile suitable for general use in exterior or interior masonry walls and partitions, and designed to have superior resistance to impact and moisture transmission and to support greater lateral and compressive loads than standard tile construction. Two types of structural clay facing tile are covered: type FTX - smooth-face tile suitable for general use in exposed exterior and interior masonry walls and partitions, and type FTS - smooth- or rough texture face tile suitable for general use in exposed exterior and interior masonry walls and partitions. The tile shall conform to one of the requirements for water absorption of the type specified as prescribed. The tile shall conform to the requirements for compressive strength of the class specified as prescribed. The tile shall be of the sizes and shapes specified. Requirements as to coring shall apply to multicored tile only. The compressive strength and absorption by 1-h boiling shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers structural clay load-bearing facing tile. Structural facing tile are tile designed for use in interior and exterior unplastered walls and partitions of buildings.
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section 6 and 7) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.
1.3 Tile covered by this standard are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired bond in Terminology C 43.)
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
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Designation: C212 – 00 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Specification for
Structural Clay Facing Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C212; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1 Type FTX—Smooth-face tile suitable for general use
in exposed exterior and interior masonry walls and partitions,
1.1 This specification covers structural clay load-bearing
and adapted for use where tile low in absorption, easily
facing tile. Structural facing tile are tile designed for use in
cleaned,andresistanttostainingarerequired,andwhereahigh
interior and exterior unplastered walls and partitions of build-
degree of mechanical perfection, narrow color range, and
ings.
minimum variation in face dimensions are desired.
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the
3.1.2 Type FTS—Smooth- or rough-texture face tile suitable
time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile
for general use in exposed exterior and interior masonry walls
extracted from masonry structures for determining conform-
and partitions and adapted for use where tile of moderate
ance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section
absorption, moderate variation in face dimensions, and me-
6 and 7) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.
dium color range are permitted, and where minor defects in
1.3 Tile covered by this standard are manufactured from
surface finish, including small handling chips, are not objec-
clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and
tionable.
subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing).
The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between
4. Classes
the particulate constituents to provide the strength and dura-
4.1 Two classes of structural clay facing tile are covered, as
bility requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired
follows:
bond in Terminology C43.)
4.1.1 Standard—Tile suitable for general use in exterior or
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
interior masonry walls and partitions.
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
4.1.2 Special Duty—Tile suitable for general use in exterior
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
or interior masonry walls and partitions, and designed to have
as requirements of the standard.
superior resistance to impact and moisture transmission and to
2. Referenced Documents support greater lateral and compressive loads than standard tile
2 construction.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products
5. Ordering Information
C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
Structural Clay Tile
the following information:
3. Types 5.1.1 Type—See Section 3.
5.1.2 Class—See Section 4. When class is not specified, the
3.1 Two types of structural clay facing tile are covered, as
requirements for standard tile shall govern. If special duty tile
follows:
are desired, the words “special duty” shall be included in the
specifications. Special duty tile shall be accepted in lieu of
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
standard tile except where the extra weight is an important
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
factor in the loading of supporting members.
C15.02 on Clay Brick and Structural Clay Tile.
5.1.3 Texture and Color—See Section 9.
Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originally
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C212–00. DOI:
5.1.4 Sizes—See Section 10. Sizes shall be as specified.
10.1520/C0212-00R06.
5.1.5 Number of Faces—If two-face tile are desired, this
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
shall be stated by the purchaser; otherwise, single-face tile may
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
be furnished.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
NOTE 1—See Section 15 for supplementary requirements applying to
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org. two-face tile.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C212 – 00 (2006)
TABLE 2 Compressive Strength Based on Gross Area
6. Absorption
End-Construction Tile Side-Construction Tile
6.1 The tile shall conform to one of the requirements for
Minimum
Minimum Average Individual Individual
water absorption of the type specified as prescribed in Table 1.
Class Average of
of Five Tests, psi Minimum, psi Minimum, psi
Five Tests,
6.2 For Type FTS tile for use in masonry not exposed to
(MPa) (MPa) (MPa)
psi (MPa)
frost action or in exposed masonry walls with an outside facing
Standard 1400 (9.7) 1000 (6.9) 700 (4.8) 500 (3.4)
of 3 in. (76.2 mm) or more of stone, brick, or other masonry,
Special duty 2500 (17.2) 2000 (13.8) 1200 (8.3) 1000 (6.9)
limitations on absorption shall be waived.
7. Compressive Strength TABLE 3 Maximum Permissible Extent of Chippage From the
Edges and Corners of Finished Face or Faces Into the Surfaces
7.1 The tile shall conform to the requirements for compres-
Chippage in inches (millimetres) in from
sive strength of the class specified as prescribed in Table 2.
Type
Edge Corner
7.2 Special duty tile shall be accepted in lieu of standard tile 1 1
FTX ⁄4 (3.2) ⁄4 (6.4)
A
1 3
FTS (smooth) ⁄4 (6.4) ⁄8 (9.5)
except where the extra weight is an important factor in the
B
5 1
FTS (rough) ⁄16 (7.9) ⁄2 (12.7)
loading of supporting members.
A
Smooth texture is the unbroken natural die finish.
B
Rough texture is the finish produced when the face is sanded, combed,
8. Material, Workmanship, and Finish
scratched, or scarified, or the die skin on the face is entirely broken by mechanical
means, such as wire cutting or wire brushing.
8.1 The body of all tile shall be of clay, shale, fire clay, or
mixtures of these materials with or without admixtures, burned
TABLE 4 Percentages of Shipment Allowed Chippage Over
to meet the requirements of this specification. The body of all
Maximum Permissible in Table 3
tile shall be free of cracks longer than one fourth of the
Percentage Chippage in inches
dimension of the tile in the direction of the crack. The face or
Type
Allowable (millimetres) in from
faces that will be exposed when in place shall be free of cracks
Edge Corner
that extend through the thickness of the face shell and free of
1 3
FTX 5 ⁄4 (6.4) ⁄8 (9.5)
chips that exceed the limits given in Table 3, except that
5 1
FTS (smooth) 10 ⁄16 (7.9) ⁄2 (12.7)
percentages of the shipment are allowed additional chippage 7 3
FTS (rough) 15 ⁄16 (11.1) ⁄4 (19.1)
whichshallnotexceedthelimitsgiveninTable4.Thetileshall
be free of other imperfections detracting from the appearance
of the finished wall when viewed at a distance of 10 ft (3.04 m)
an approved sample consisting of not less than five stretcher
for Type FTX and at a distance of 15 ft (4.57 m) for Type FTS.
tile fully representing the range of shade.
8.2 Plaster Base Finish—Surfaces of tile for plaster-base
9.2 Type FTS—The texture of the finished surface that will
finish shall be smooth, scored, combed, or roughened. When
be exposed when in place shall conform to an approved sample
smooth, the tile shall be free of glaze and the absorption shall
consisting of not less than five stretcher tile, each representing
be not less than 5% . When scored, each groove shall be not
1 1 the texture desired. The approximate color range shall be
less than ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) nor more than ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) in
indicated by an approved sample consisting of not less than
depth and not more than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in width. The area
five stretcher tile.
covered by grooves shall not exceed 50% of the area of the
scored faces. When combed, the tile shall be scratched or
NOTE 2—Facing tile are not ordinarily available in uniform (straight
scarified, prior to burning, by mechanical means which shall
range) colors. Samples submitted for approval should include the ex-
make scratches or scarifications on the surface of the tile not tremes of the color ranges that will be furnished, unless full burning range
1 1
(kiln run) is acceptable.
less than ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) nor more than ⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) in
depth, and not more than ⁄4 in. apart. When roughened, the die
10. Sizes and Shapes
skin on the face of the tile shall be entirely broken by
10.1 The tile shall be of the sizes and shapes specified.
mechanical means, such as wire cutting or wire brushing. (The
die skin is visible within the cells of the tile.)
11. Tolerances
11.1 Tolerances on Dimensions—The average size of the
9. Texture and Color
tilefurnishedshallapproximatecloselythesizespecifiedinthe
9.1 Type FTX—The face or faces of all tile that will be
invitation for bids. The dimensions of individual tile shall not
exposed when in place shall have a smooth and unbroken
differ from the specified standard dimensions for the type
natural die finish. (The die finish is visible within the cells of
specified by more than the amounts given in Table 5.
the tile.) The color range of the finished faces shall conform to
11.2 Tolerances on Distortion,Distortionoffaceoredgesof
individual tile from a plane surface or from a straight line,
respectively, shall not exceed the amounts shown inTable 6 for
TABLE 1 Maximum Water Absorption
the type specified.
By 24-h Submersion in Cold
Type By 1-h Boiling, %
Water, %
Average Individual Average Individual 12. Coring
FTX 7.0 9.0 9.0 11.0
12.1 Requirementsastocoringshallapplytomulticoredtile
FTS 13.0 16.0 16.0 19.0
only. Multicored tile (Fig. 1) shall contain hollow spaces
C212 – 00 (2006)
TABLE 5 Tolerances on Dimensions
13.2.2 All special duty double-shell tile, also special duty
Maximum Permissible Variation from Specified solid and cored-shell tile having face shells at least 1 ⁄2 in.
Specified Unit Dimension,
Unit Dimension, plus or minus, in. (mm)
(38.1 mm) thick on both sides of the tile.
in. (mm)
FTX FTS
13.3 Width of Cell—The width of any cell in si
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C212–00 Designation: C 212 – 00 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Specification for
Structural Clay Facing Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 212; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers structural clay load-bearing facing tile. Structural facing tile are tile designed for use in interior
and exterior unplastered walls and partitions of buildings.
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile extracted
from masonry structures for determining conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section 6 and 7) of this
standard is beyond the scope of this standard.
1.3 Tile covered by this standard are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to
a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate
constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired bond in Terminology
C 43.)
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products
C67 Test Methods offor Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
3. Types
3.1 Two types of structural clay facing tile are covered, as follows:
3.1.1 Type FTX—Smooth-face tile suitable for general use in exposed exterior and interior masonry walls and partitions, and
adapted for use where tile low in absorption, easily cleaned, and resistant to staining are required, and where a high degree of
mechanical perfection, narrow color range, and minimum variation in face dimensions are desired.
3.1.2 Type FTS—Smooth- or rough-texture face tile suitable for general use in exposed exterior and interior masonry walls and
partitions and adapted for use where tile of moderate absorption, moderate variation in face dimensions, and medium color range
are permitted, and where minor defects in surface finish, including small handling chips, are not objectionable.
4. Classes
4.1 Two classes of structural clay facing tile are covered, as follows:
4.1.1 Standard—Tile suitable for general use in exterior or interior masonry walls and partitions.
4.1.2 Special Duty— Tile suitable for general use in exterior or interior masonry walls and partitions, and designed to have
superior resistance to impact and moisture transmission and to support greater lateral and compressive loads than standard tile
construction.
5. Ordering Information
5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the following information:
5.1.1 Type—See Section 3.
5.1.2 Class—See Section 4. When class is not specified, the requirements for standard tile shall govern. If special duty tile are
desired, the words “special duty” shall be included in the specifications. Special duty tile shall be accepted in lieu of standard tile
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Clay
Brick and Structural Clay Tile.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2000. Published January 2001. Originally published as C212–46. Last previous edition C212–96.
Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C 212–00.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.05.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 212 – 00 (2006)
except where the extra weight is an important factor in the loading of supporting members.
5.1.3 Texture and Color—See Section 9.
5.1.4 Sizes—See Section 10. Sizes shall be as specified.
5.1.5 Number of Faces— If two-face tile are desired, this shall be stated by the purchaser; otherwise, single-face tile may be
furnished.
NOTE 1—See Section 15 for supplementary requirements applying to two-face tile.
6. Absorption
6.1 The tile shall conform to one of the requirements for water absorption of the type specified as prescribed in Table 1.
6.2 For Type FTS tile for use in masonry not exposed to frost action or in exposed masonry walls with an outside facing of 3
in. (76.2 mm) or more of stone, brick, or other masonry, limitations on absorption shall be waived.
7. Compressive Strength
7.1 The tile shall conform to the requirements for compressive strength of the class specified as prescribed in Table 2.
7.2 Special duty tile shall be accepted in lieu of standard tile except where the extra weight is an important factor in the loading
of supporting members.
8. Material, Workmanship, and Finish
8.1 The body of all tile shall be of clay, shale, fire clay, or mixtures of these materials with or without admixtures, burned to
meet the requirements of this specification. The body of all tile shall be free of cracks longer than one fourth of the dimension of
the tile in the direction of the crack.The face or faces that will be exposed when in place shall be free of cracks that extend through
the thickness of the face shell and free of chips that exceed the limits given in Table 3, except that percentages of the shipment
are allowed additional chippage which shall not exceed the limits given in Table 4. The tile shall be free of other imperfections
detracting from the appearance of the finished wall when viewed at a distance of 10 ft (3.04 m) for Type FTX and at a distance
of 15 ft (4.57 m) for Type FTS.
8.2 Plaster Base Finish—Surfaces of tile for plaster-base finish shall be smooth, scored, combed, or roughened. When smooth,
the tile shall be free of glaze and the absorption shall be not less than 5% . When scored, each groove shall be not less than ⁄16
in. (1.6 mm) nor more than ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) in depth and not more than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in width. The area covered by grooves
shall not exceed 50% of the area of the scored faces. When combed, the tile shall be scratched or scarified, prior to burning, by
mechanical means which shall make scratches or scarifications on the surface of the tile not less than ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) nor more
1 1
than ⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) in depth, and not more than ⁄4 in. apart. When roughened, the die skin on the face of the tile shall be entirely
broken by mechanical means, such as wire cutting or wire brushing. (The die skin is visible within the cells of the tile.)
9. Texture and Color
9.1 Type FTX—The face or faces of all tile that will be exposed when in place shall have a smooth and unbroken natural die
finish. (The die finish is visible within the cells of the tile.) The color range of the finished faces shall conform to an approved
sample consisting of not less than five stretcher tile fully representing the range of shade.
9.2 Type FTS—The texture of the finished surface that will be exposed when in place shall conform to an approved sample
consisting of not less than five stretcher tile, each representing the texture desired. The approximate color range shall be indicated
by an approved sample consisting of not less than five stretcher tile.
NOTE 2—Facing tile are not ordinarily available in uniform (straight range) colors. Samples submitted for approval should include the extremes of the
color ranges that will be furnished, unless full burning range (kiln run) is acceptable.
10. Sizes and Shapes
10.1 The tile shall be of the sizes and shapes specified.
11. Tolerances
11.1 Tolerances on Dimensions—The average size of the tile furnished shall approximate closely the size specified in the
invitation for bids. The dimensions of individual tile shall not differ from the specified standard dimensions for the type specified
by more than the amounts given in Table 5.
11.2 Tolerances on Distortion, Distortion of face or edges of individual tile from a plane surface or from a straight line,
respectively, shall not exceed the amounts shown in Table 6 for the type specified.
TABLE 1 Maximum Water Absorption
By 24-h Submersion in Cold
Type By 1-h Boiling, %
Water, %
Average Individual Average Individual
FTX 7.0 9.0 9.0 11.0
FTS 13.0 16.0 16.0 19.0
C 212 – 00 (2006)
TABLE 2 Compressive Strength Based on Gross Area
End-Construction Tile Side-Construction Tile
Minimum
Minimum Average Individual Individual
Class Average of
of Five Tests, psi Minimum, psi Minimum, psi
Five Tests,
(MPa) (MPa) (MPa)
psi (MPa)
Standard 1400 (9.7) 1000 (6.9) 700 (4.8) 500 (3.4)
Special duty 2500 (17.2) 2000 (13.8) 1200 (8.3) 1000 (6.9)
TABLE 3 Maximum Permissible Extent of Chippage From the
Edges and Corners of Finished Face or Faces Into the Surfaces
Chippage in inches (millimetres) in from
Type
Edge Corner
1 1
FTX ⁄4 (3.2) ⁄4 (6.4)
A
1 3
FTS (smooth) ⁄4 (6.4) ⁄8 (9.5)
B
5 1
FTS (rough) ⁄16 (7.9) ⁄2 (12.7)
A
Smooth texture is the unbroken natural die finish.
B
Rough texture is the finish produced when the face is sanded, combed,
scratched, or scarified, or the die skin on the face is entirely broken by mechanical
means, such as wire cutting or wire brushing.
TABLE 4 Percentages of Shipment Allowed Chippage Over
Maximum Permissible in Table 3
Percentage Chippage in inches
Type
Allowable (millimetres) in from
Edge Corner
1 3
FTX 5 ⁄4 (6.4) ⁄8 (9.5)
5 1
FTS (smooth) 10 ⁄16 (7.9) ⁄2 (12.7)
7 3
FTS (rough) 15 ⁄16 (11.1) ⁄4 (19.1)
TABLE 5 Tolerances on Dimensions
Maximum Permissible Variation from Specified
Specified Unit Dimension,
Unit Dimension, plus or minus, in. (mm)
in. (mm)
FTX FTS
1 3
3 (76.2) and under ⁄16 (1.6) ⁄32 (2.4)
3 2
Over 3 to 4 (76.2 to 101.6), incl ⁄32 (2.4) ⁄16 (3.2)
2 3
Over 4 to 6 (101.6 to 152.4), incl ⁄16 (3.2) ⁄16 (4.8)
5 4
Over 6 to 8 (152.4 to 203.2), incl ⁄32 (4.0) ⁄16 (6.4)
...
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