ASTM D4456-99

Standard Test Methods for Physical and Chemical Properties of Powdered Ion Exchange Resins

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the physical and chemical properties of powdered ion exchange resins and are intended for use in testing new materials. The following methods are included: Method A--Particle Size Distribution (Sections 5-15) and Method B--Solids Content (Sections 16-23).
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-1999
• ICS: 71.100.40 - Surface active agents
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.08 - Membranes and Ion Exchange Materials

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D4456-99(2005) - Standard Test Methods for Physical and Chemical Properties of Powdered Ion Exchange Resins
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D4266-17 - Standard Test Methods for Precoat Capacity of Powdered Ion-Exchange Resins
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
AnAmerican National Standard
Designation:D 4456 –99
Standard Test Methods for
Physical and Chemical Properties of Powdered Ion
Exchange Resins
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
physical and chemical properties of powdered ion exchange tice, refer to Terminology D 1129.
resins and are intended for use in testing new materials. The 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Certain
following test methods are included: termsthatrelatespecificallytothesetestmethodsaredescribed
as follows:
Sections
Test MethodA—Particle Size Distribu- 5to15
3.2.1 powdered ion exchange resin—an ion exchange resin
tion
that has undergone post-manufacturing size reduction to less
Test Method B—Solids Content 16 to 23
than 30 µm.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 resin floc—that voluminous aggregate formed when
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
powdered anion exchange resin and powdered cation exchange
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
resin are slurried together in an aqueous suspension.
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4. Purity of Reagents
4.1 Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests.
2. Referenced Documents
Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents shall
2.1 ASTM Standards:
conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water 7
Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where such
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
specifications are available. Other grades may be used, pro-
D 2687 Practices for Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange
vided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
Materials
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
the determination.
Applicable Methods of Committee D-19 on Water
4.2 Purity of Water— Unless otherwise indicated, refer-
F 322 Method for Determining Quality of Calibration
ences to water shall be understood to mean Type III reagent
Particles for Automatic Particle Counters
water, Specification D 1193.
F 651 Method for Particle Counter Single-Point Calibration
by the Median Method TEST METHOD A—PARTICLE SIZE
F 658 Practice for Defining Size Calibration, Resolution, DISTRIBUTION
and Counting Accuracy of Liquid-Borne Particle Counter
6 5. Scope
Using Near-Monodisperse Spherical Particulate Material
5.1 This test method covers the instrumental determination
of the particle-size distribution of powdered ion exchange
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on
resins.
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and
Ion Exchange Materials.
Current edition approved June 10, 1999. Published September 1999. Originally
published as D 4456–85. Last previous edition D 4456–85 (1990). Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02. listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
Discontinued—See 1989 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
Discontinued—See 1986 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03. and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03. MD.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
D 4456 –99
6. Summary of Test Method diffraction pattern from which a thirteen-segment histogram of
volume size distribution is obtained.
6.1 A sample of powdered ion exchange resin is dispersed
9.2 Sample Handling System, compatible with the particle-
uniformly in a suitable aqueous liquid. The resulting suspen-
sizing instrument being used.
sionispassedthroughaninstrumentformeasuringparticlesize
9.3 Auxiliary Equipment, as specified by the manufacturer
distribution by weight, number, or volume. Determinations are
of the instrument being used.
made of mean particle size, percent below a specified smaller
size limit, and percent above a specified larger size limit.
10. Material
6.2 The analyst should be aware that adequate collaborative
10.1 Nonionic Wetting Agent, to assist in the dispersion of
data for precision and bias statements as required by Practice
the particles in the liquid. The volume to be added will be
D 2777 are not provided. See Section 15 for details.
small, but its cleanliness should be such that the total count in
7. Significance and Use thesuspendingliquid(withwettingagent)doesnotexceed1 %
of the total count during analysis of the resin sample.
7.1 The particle size distribution of powdered ion exchange
resins and, more importantly, the derived parameters of mean
11. Calibration and Standardization
particle size and percent above and below specified size limits
11.1 Calibrate the instrument over the size range to be
are useful for determining batch to batch variations and, in
measured following either the manufacturer’s instructions or
some cases, can be related to certain aspects of product
Method F 651, Practice F 658, or Method F 322.
performance.
7.2 Although automatic multichannel particle size analyz-
12. Procedure
ers, of the type described in Section 9, yield information on the
entire distribution of sizes present in a given sample, it has
12.1 Into a clean sample container, add measured quantities
been found that, for this application, the numerical value of
of clean liquid, clean wetting agent, and a sample of powdered
three derived parameters may adequately describe the particle
ion exchange resin. The size of the sample container and the
size characteristics of the samples: the mean particle diameter
quantitiesofeachmaterialtobeaddedwillbedeterminedfrom
(in micrometres), the percent of the sample that falls below the operating instructions for the instrument being used for the
some size limit, and the percent of the sample that falls above
size range to be measured.
some size limit. 12.2 Agitate the resulting suspension to break up aglomer-
ates and create a uniform dispersion of particles using the
8. Interferences
equipment specified in the operating instructions for the
8.1 Instruments requiring the use of an aqueous electrolyte instrument.
12.3 If necessary, dilute this suspension to provide a con-
for sample suspension, such as described in 9.1.2, may give
results different than those instruments not requiring an elec- centration of particles not exceeding the maximum specified
for proper instrument performance.
trolyte.
12.4 If the sample is diluted, the diluted sampl
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