ASTM D1782-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Operating Performance of Particulate Cation-Exchange Materials
Standard Test Methods for Operating Performance of Particulate Cation-Exchange Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
9.1 Cation exchange materials are frequently used in the sodium form to exchange divalent and trivalent ions in the influent water for sodium ions on the resin sites. This process is commonly referred to as softening water since it removes those ions that form a “hard” curd of insoluble salts with the fatty acids used in some soaps and that also precipitate when water is boiled. In such a process, sodium chloride is used as the regenerant to return the cation-exchanging groups to the sodium form.
9.2 This test method is intended to simulate the performance of such materials in actual usage. It may be used either to compare the performance of new materials or to compare the performance of a material that has been used with its original performance.
9.3 Regenerant concentrations and dosages used herein are typical for the types of materials used in this application. If different concentrations or amounts of regenerant are agreed upon by parties using this test method, this fact should be stated when the results are reported. Similarly, the test water specified is the agreed upon standard. Where other test waters or the water to be treated are used in the test, the analysis of the water in terms of total solids, sodium, calcium, magnesium, other di- or trivalent metals as well as the major anions present should be reported with the test results.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the operating capacity of particulate cation-exchange materials when used for the removal of calcium, magnesium, and sodium ions from water. It is intended for use in testing both new and used materials. The following two test methods are included:
Sections
Test Method A—Sodium Cycle
8 to 14
Test Method B—Hydrogen Cycle
15 to 21
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1782 − 17
Standard Test Methods for
Operating Performance of Particulate Cation-Exchange
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1782; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the 3.1 Definitions:
operating capacity of particulate cation-exchange materials 3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in these standards, refer
whenusedfortheremovalofcalcium,magnesium,andsodium to Terminology D1129.
ions from water. It is intended for use in testing both new and
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
used materials. The following two test methods are included:
3.2.1 Certain terms in these standards that relate specifically
Sections
to ion exchange are defined as follows:
Test Method A—Sodium Cycle 8 to 14
3.2.2 free mineral acidity—the quantitative capacity of
Test Method B—Hydrogen Cycle 15 to 21
aqueous media to react with hydroxyl ions to pH 4.3.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2.3 hydrogen cycle—the operation of a cation-exchange
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
cycle wherein the removal of specified cations from influent
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
water is accomplished by exchange with an equivalent amount
tion only and are not considered standard.
of hydrogen ion from the exchange material.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.4 theoretical free mineral acidity—thefreemineralacid-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ity that would result from the conversion of the anions of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
strong acids in solution to their respective free acids.
priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Methods
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 4.1 Test MethodAconsists of repeated cycles of backwash,
brine regeneration, rinse, and exhaustion of the sample in the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- form of a bed in a transparent column.The exhausting medium
used is an ion-exchange test water.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.2 Test Method B consists of repeated cycles of backwash,
acid regeneration, rinse, and exhaustion of the sample in the
2. Referenced Documents
form of a bed in a transparent column.The exhausting medium
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
used is an ion-exchange test water.
D1067 Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
D1126 Test Method for Hardness in Water
5. Apparatus
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
5.1 Test Assemble (see Fig. 1), consisting of the following:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
5.1.1 Column, transparent, vertically supported, 25.4 6 2.5
D2687 PracticesforSamplingParticulateIon-ExchangeMa-
mm (1.0 6 0.1 in.) in inside diameter and approximately 1500
terials
mm(60in.)long.Thebottomofthecolumnshallbeclosedand
provided with an outlet of approximately 6-mm inside diam-
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
eter. Connections shall be provided at top and bottom for
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and
admission and removal of solutions as described in Section 10.
Ion Exchange Materials.
Adequate means for measuring and regulating flow shall be
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2017. Published August 2017. Originally
provided. Calibrate the column in such a manner that the
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D1782 – 95 (2009).
DOI: 10.1520/D1782-17.
volume readings required by the test method can be made.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Make all measurements at 25 6 5°C.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1.2 Support, for the sample, so designed that the distance
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. from the sample to the column outlet is at least 50 mm. A
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1782 − 95 (Reapproved 2009) D1782 − 17
Standard Test Methods for
Operating Performance of Particulate Cation-Exchange
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1782; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the operating capacity of particulate cation-exchange materials when used
for the removal of calcium, magnesium, and sodium ions from water. It is intended for use in testing both new and used materials.
The following two test methods are included:
Sections
Test Method A—Sodium Cycle 8 to 14
Test Method B—Hydrogen Cycle 15 to 21
Sections
Test Method A—Sodium Cycle 8 to 14
Test Method B—Hydrogen Cycle 15 to 21
1.2 The values givenstated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units values given in parentheses are
for information only.mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1067 Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
D1126 Test Method for Hardness in Water
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2687 Practices for Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions: For definitions of terms used in these test methods, refer to Terminology D1129
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in these standards, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 Certain terms in these test methods standards that relate specifically to ion exchange are defined as follows:
3.2.2 free mineral acidity—the quantitative capacity of aqueous media to react with hydroxyl ions to pH 4.3.
3.2.3 hydrogen cycle—the operation of a cation-exchange cycle wherein the removal of specified cations from influent water
is accomplished by exchange with an equivalent amount of hydrogen ion from the exchange material.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
Exchange Materials.
Current edition approved May 1, 2009Aug. 1, 2017. Published June 2009August 2017. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20072009 as
D1782 – 95 (2007).(2009). DOI: 10.1520/D1782-95R09.10.1520/D1782-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1782 − 17
3.2.4 theoretical free mineral acidity—the free mineral acidity that would result from the conversion of the anions of strong
acids in solution to their respective free acids.
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 Test Method A consists of repeated cycles of backwash, brine regeneration, rinse, and exhaustion of the sample in the form
of a bed in a transparent column. The exhausting medium used is an ion-exchange test water.
4.2 Test Method B consists of repeated cycles of backwash, acid regeneration, rinse, and exhaustion of the sample in the form
of a bed in a transparent column. The exhausting medium used is an ion-exchange test water.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Test Assemble (see Fig. 1), consisting of the following:
5.1.1 Column, transparent, vertically supported, 25.4 6 2.5 mm (1.0 6 0.1 in.) in inside diameter and approximately 1500 mm
(60 in.) long. The bottom of t
...
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