ASTM D4852-88(2009)e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluation of Attached Upholstery Fabrics (Withdrawn 2018)
Standard Practice for Evaluation of Attached Upholstery Fabrics (Withdrawn 2018)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice may be used to evaluate pertinent performance characteristics of attached upholstery fabrics.
Loose cushions or pillows considered an inherent part of the total upholstered furniture unit are to be evaluated using this practice.
This practice is not intended for use with outdoor furniture nor with slipcovers or throws.
Evaluation is to be done both before and after the refurbishing procedures, as directed in voluntary care labeling instructions or as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.
The specified cleaning and maintenance procedures herein discussed do not reflect professional care designed to enhance the performance of furniture coverings, such as the application of soil and stain protectants. Reflected in this practice are the minimum capabilities of current cleaning methods used in accordance with any voluntary care labeling instructions accompanying the furniture.
The characteristics to be evaluated and the acceptance criteria assigned to these areas shall be set by mutual agreement between purchaser and supplier.
The significance and use of specific properties are discussed in the appropriate test methods and performance standards.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is to be used to evaluate specific characteristics of importance in the performance of upholstery fabric attached to a furniture unit, including woven, knitted, tufted, flocked, or vinyl fabrics.
1.2 It is understood that the fabric used to construct the upholstered furniture unit should be evaluated initially using appropriate fabric performance standards, such as Specifications D 3597 and D 3690.
1.3 Loose cushions or pillows considered an inherent part of the total furniture unit are to be evaluated using this practice.
1.4 This practice is not to be used to evaluate slipcovers or throws used as furniture coverings. Outdoor furniture coverings are not to be evaluated using this practice.
1.5 This practice shall not be construed to be a standard of performance but only as a standard practice for evaluation of attached upholstery fabrics.
1.6 This practice may be used by mutual agreement between purchaser and supplier to establish purchasing specifications.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice is to be used to evaluate specific characteristics of importance in the performance of upholstery fabric attached to a furniture unit, including woven, knitted, tufted, flocked, or vinyl fabrics.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this practice was withdrawn in January 2018 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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Designation: D4852 − 88 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Practice for
Evaluation of Attached Upholstery Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4852; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Section 3 was updated editorially in March 2009.
1. Scope Urethane-Coated Upholstery Fabrics—Indoor
D4771 Performance Specification for Knitted Upholstery
1.1 This practice is to be used to evaluate specific charac-
Fabrics for Indoor Furniture
teristics of importance in the performance of upholstery fabric
D7023 Terminology Relating to Home Furnishings
attached to a furniture unit, including woven, knitted, tufted,
2.2 AATCC Method:
flocked, or vinyl fabrics.
AATCC Evaluation Procedure 1—Gray Scale for Color
1.2 It is understood that the fabric used to construct the 3
Change
upholstered furniture unit should be evaluated initially using
2.3 Other Documents:
appropriate fabric performance standards, such as Specifica- 4
Knit Upholstery Fabric Standards and Guidelines
tions D3597 and D3690.
Woven Upholstery Fabric Standards and Guidelines
1.3 Loosecushionsorpillowsconsideredaninherentpartof
3. Terminology
the total furniture unit are to be evaluated using this practice.
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.63, Home
1.4 This practice is not to be used to evaluate slipcovers or
Furnishings, refer to Terminology D7023.
throws used as furniture coverings. Outdoor furniture cover-
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
ings are not to be evaluated using this practice.
attached upholstery fabric, back coating, cleaning agent, fur-
1.5 This practice shall not be construed to be a standard of
niture covering, furniture unit, group, overall cleaning, part,
performance but only as a standard practice for evaluation of
refurbish, slipcover, spot and stain removal, throw, tufting, in
attached upholstery fabrics.
upholstered furniture, upholstered furniture, vacuum, welted
seam.
1.6 Thispracticemaybeusedbymutualagreementbetween
purchaser and supplier to establish purchasing specifications.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
Terminology D123.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 This practice may be used to evaluate pertinent perfor-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
mance characteristics of attached upholstery fabrics.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2 Loosecushionsorpillowsconsideredaninherentpartof
2. Referenced Documents
the total upholstered furniture unit are to be evaluated using
2.1 ASTM Standards: this practice.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D3597 Performance Specification for Woven Upholstery
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://
Fabrics—Plain, Tufted, or Flocked
www.aatcc.org.
D3690 Performance Specification for Vinyl-Coated and
Issuedin1982bytheJoint-IndustryFabricStandardsCommittee,sponsoredby
National Association of Furniture Manufacturers, California Furniture Manufactur-
ersAssociation,SouthernFurnitureManufacturersAssociation,SouthwestFurniture
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextilesand Manufacturers Association, and Furniture Manufacturers Association of Grand
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on Home Furnishings. Rapids. Available from American Furniture Manufacturers Association, P.O. Box
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2009. Published March 2009. Originally HP-7, High Point, NC 27261.
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4852–88(2000). Reissued in 1986 by the Joint-Industry Fabric Standards Committee including
DOI: 10.1520/D4852-88R09E01. American Furniture ManufacturersAssociation, California Furniture Manufacturers
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Association, Furniture Manufacturers Association of Grand Rapids, Association of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Western Furniture Suppliers, and Home Furnishings Manufacturers Association.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Furniture Manufacturers Association, P.O. Box HP-7,
the ASTM website. High Point, NC 27261.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D4852 − 88 (Reapproved 2009)
4.3 This practice is not intended for use with outdoor 8.2 Matching—Evaluate matching of such items as pattern
furniture nor with slipcovers or throws. andpiledirection,andshadeuniformity(parttopart)following
the procedures in “Pattern Repeat, Color and Shade” of the
4.4 Evaluation is to be done both before and after the
Woven Upholstery Fabric or Knit Upholstery Fabric Standards
refurbishing procedures, as directed in voluntary care labeling
and Guidelines.
instructions or as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.
8.3 Visual Appearance—Evaluate the appearance of the
4.5 The specified cleaning and maintenance procedures
furniture unit including seams, welting, and tufting, as mutu-
herein discussed do not reflect professional care designed to
ally agreed upon by purchaser and supplier.
enhance the performance of furniture coverings, such as the
application of soil and stain protectants. Reflected in this 8.4 Compatibility Within a Group—Evaluate visually the
practice are the minimum capabilities of current cleaning compatibility of furniture units within a group, as mutually
methods used in accordance with any voluntary care labeling agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.
instructions accompanying the furniture.
8.5 Other Defects—Examine the attached textile furniture
4.6 The characteristics to be evaluated and the acceptance covering for any other obvious defects.
criteria assigned to these areas shall be set by mutual agree-
9. Refurbishing Conditions
ment between purchaser and supplier.
9.1 The refurbishing of attached upholstery fabric may
4.7 The significance and use of specific properties are
involveeitheroverallcleaning,spotcleaning,orvacuuming,as
discussed in the appropriate test methods and performance
directed by instructions on voluntary care labeling or as agreed
standards.
upon between purchaser and supplier.
5. Sampling, Selection, and Number of Sp
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
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Designation:D4852–88(Reapproved2000) Designation: D 4852 – 88 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Practice for
Evaluation of Attached Upholstery Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4852; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Section 3 was updated editorially in March 2009.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice is to be used to evaluate specific characteristics of importance in the performance of upholstery fabric attached
to a furniture unit, including woven, knitted, tufted, flocked, or vinyl fabrics.
1.2 Itisunderstoodthatthefabricusedtoconstructtheupholsteredfurnitureunitshouldbeevaluatedinitiallyusingappropriate
fabric performance standards, such as Specifications D 3597 and D 3690.
1.3 Loose cushions or pillows considered an inherent part of the total furniture unit are to be evaluated using this practice.
1.4 This practice is not to be used to evaluate slipcovers or throws used as furniture coverings. Outdoor furniture coverings are
not to be evaluated using this practice.
1.5 Thispracticeshallnotbeconstruedtobeastandardofperformancebutonlyasastandardpracticeforevaluationofattached
upholstery fabrics.
1.6 This practice may be used by mutual agreement between purchaser and supplier to establish purchasing specifications.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 3597 Performance Specification for Woven Upholstery Fabrics—Plain, Tufted, or Flocked
D 3690 Performance Specification for Vinyl-Coated and Urethane-Coated Upholstery Fabrics—Indoor FabricsIndoor
D 4771 Specification for Knitted Upholstery Fabrics for Indoor Furniture
NOTE1—Subcommittee D13.62 on Care Labeling is preparing a terminology standard on Care Instructions for Textile Floor Coverings and Upholstery.
A copy of the latest draft may be obtained from the subchairman. Performance Specification for Knitted Upholstery Fabrics for Indoor Furniture
D 7023 Terminology Relating to Home Furnishings
2.2 AATCC Method:
AATCC Evaluation Procedure 1—Gray Scale for Color Change
2.3 Other Documents:
Knit Upholstery Fabric Standards and Guidelines
Woven Upholstery Fabric Standards and Guidelines
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on Home Furnishings.
Current edition approved July 29, 1988. Published September 1988.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on Home Furnishings .
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2009. Published March 2009. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 4852–88(2000).
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 07.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://www.aatcc.org.
Available from Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Issued in 1982 by the Joint-Industry Fabric Standards Committee, sponsored by National Association of Furniture Manufacturers, California Furniture Manufacturers
Association, Southern Furniture Manufacturers Association, Southwest Furniture Manufacturers Association, and Furniture Manufacturers Association of Grand Rapids.
Available from American Furniture Manufacturers Association, P.O. Box HP-7, High Point, NC 27261.
Issued in 1982 by the Joint-Industry Fabric Standards Committee, sponsored by National Association of Furniture Manufacturers, California Furniture Manufacturers
Association, Southern Furniture Manufacturers Association, Southwest Furniture Manufacturers Association, and Furniture Manufacturers Association of Grand Rapids.
Available from American Furniture Manufacturers Association, P.O. Box HP-7, High Point, NC 27261.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
´1
D 4852 – 88 (2009)
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions:
3.1.1attached upholstery fabric, n—the exterior fabric covering secured to a furniture unit by the furniture manufacturer or
custom upholsterer. (See furniture covering.)
3.1.2back coating, n— in textiles, an adhesive-type substance applied to the back of a fabric for such purposes as locking pile
yarn tufts into a carpet backing, bonding a secondary backing to a primary backing, or increasing fabric body or stiffness.
3.1.2.1Discussion—Back coatings are applied to upholstery fabrics to improve such attributes as dimensional stability and seam
integrity.
3.1.3cleaning agent, n—a chemical compound or formulation of several compounds which loosen, disperse, dissolve, or
emulsify soil to facilitate removal by mechanical action.
3.1.4furniture covering, n—a general term for attached upholstery fabric, slipcovers, and throws.
3.1.5furniture unit, n— in upholstered furniture, a complete single piece of upholstered seating, such as a sofa, love seat, lounge
chair, rocker, or recliner.
3.1.6group, n—in upholstered furniture, a number of individual upholstered furniture units that are related by one or more
physical characteristics such as styling, color, shape, or covering.
3.1.7overall cleaning, n— for upholstered furniture, the application of an appropriate cleaning agent to the entire fabric
covering, accomplished while the upholstery fabric remains attached to the furniture unit.
3.1.8part, n—in upholstered furniture, one component of a furniture unit, such as a seat, back, pillow, or arm cushion.
3.1.9refurbish, v—as applied to textile products, to brighten or freshen up and restore to wearability by cleaning, such as dry
cleaning, laundering, or steam cleaning.
3.1.10slipcover, n—a removable, fitted protective textile cover, often decorative and specifically made for upholstered furniture.
(See furniture covering.)
3.1.11spot and stain removal, n—a cleaning procedure for localized areas with cleaning agents and mechanical action specific
to the removal of the foreign substances present. (Syn. spot clean.)
3.1.12throw, n—a removable, unfitted protective textile cover, used over upholstered furniture. (See furniture covering.)
3.1.13tufting, n—in upholstered furniture, localized indentation of upholstered furniture surfaces and cushions, by the use of or
appearance of buttons, providing an aesthetic treatment.
3.1.14upholstered furniture, n—furniture covered with such materials as textiles or leather, and generally with padding or
cushions or both.
3.1.15vacuum, v—to clean using an electrically powered machine to create suction in order to remove loose, particulate soil and
lint.
3.1.16welted seam, n— in upholstered furniture, seam sewn with a strip of covered cord between the two fabric pieces, joined
so that the welting shows on the exterior of the furniture unit.
3.1.17welting, n—in upholstered furniture, a cord covered by strips of exterior fabric, used in welted seams of upholstery
covering.
3.1.18For definitions of other textile terms used in this standard, refer to the individualASTM standards,AATCCTest Methods,
and ASTM Terminology D123. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.63, Home Furnishings, refer to Terminology D 7023.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: attached upholstery fabric, back coating, cleaning agent, furniture
covering, furniture unit, group, overall cleaning, part, refurbish, slipcover, spot and stain removal, throw, tufting, in upholstered
furniture, upholstered furniture, vacuum, welted seam.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to Terminology D 123.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice may be used to evaluate pertinent performance characteristics of attached upholstery fabrics.
4.2 Loose cushions or pillows considered an inherent part of the total upholstered furniture unit are to be evaluated using this
practice.
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