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ASTM D6191-97(2008)e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Evolved Formaldehyde from Water Reducible Air-Dry Coatings

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Evolved Formaldehyde from Water Reducible Air-Dry Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method measures the amount of formaldehyde that is released from a coating under laboratory conditions. The amount of formaldehyde available for release from a coating may vary depending on composition, and may decrease as the sample ages.
This test method may be used for typical air dried paints where water is the major volatile material. The useful range is estimated to be from 10 ppm to 1000 ppm formaldehyde in the sample.
Significant amounts of other volatile aldehydes, such as acetaldehyde, are reported to cause an interference with the determination of formaldehyde. This limitation is not expected to cause a problem for most common water reducible coatings.
Samples containing organic solvents as the major volatile component have not been evaluated and are not expected to be compatible with this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method may be used to measure the amount of formaldehyde evolved from air-dry water reducible coatings utilizing latices, resin emulsions, or water reducible alkyds. The results may be used to define the “free” formaldehyde evolved from a sample under controlled laboratory conditions.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2008
ICS
25.220.99 - Other treatments and coatings
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6191-97(2003) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Evolved Formaldehyde from Water Reducible Air-Dry Coatings
Effective Date
01-Nov-2008
Referred By
ASTM D6902-04(2023) - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Formaldehyde Evolved During the Curing of Melamine-Formaldehyde-Based Coatings
Effective Date
01-Nov-2008

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ASTM D6191-97(2008)e1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Evolved Formaldehyde from Water Reducible Air-Dry CoatingsASTM D6191-97(2008)e1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Evolved Formaldehyde from Water Reducible Air-Dry Coatings
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ASTM D6191-97(2008)e1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Evolved Formaldehyde from Water Reducible Air-Dry Coatings
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D6191 − 97 (Reapproved2008)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Evolved Formaldehyde from Water
Reducible Air-Dry Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—The precaution note was moved into subsection 6.2 editorially in November 2008.
1. Scope 4.2 This test method may be used for typical air dried paints
where water is the major volatile material. The useful range is
1.1 This test method may be used to measure the amount of
estimated to be from 10 ppm to 1000 ppm formaldehyde in the
formaldehyde evolved from air-dry water reducible coatings
sample.
utilizing latices, resin emulsions, or water reducible alkyds.
The results may be used to define the “free” formaldehyde 4.3 Significant amounts of other volatile aldehydes, such as
evolved from a sample under controlled laboratory conditions. acetaldehyde, are reported to cause an interference with the
determination of formaldehyde. This limitation is not expected
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to cause a problem for most common water reducible coatings.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.4 Samples containing organic solvents as the major vola-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tilecomponenthavenotbeenevaluatedandarenotexpectedto
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
be compatible with this test method.
5. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Formaldehyde CollectionApparatus, assembled using a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
flowmeter to control the nitrogen flow at ; 1.0 L/min, a 25 by
D2194 Test Method for Concentration of Formaldehyde
200 mm outside diameter long glass test tube, and two 30-mL
Solutions
midget impingers. Connections are made with glass tubes
3. Summary of Test Method
through a No. 4 two-hole rubber stopper and clear flexible
tubing (see Fig. 1).
3.1 A sample of water reducible coating is placed on the
walls of a test tube with a drawdown rod and purged with
5.2 Drawdown Bar, stainless steel No. 22 wire-wound
nitrogen. The evolved formaldehyde is collected in deionized
6.4-mm rod.
water with tandem impingers and measured colorimetrically
5.3 Glass Sample Bottles, (;2 oz), capable of holding
using acetylacetone at 412 nm.
30-mL solution.
5.4 Spectrophotometer, capable of measuring the absor-
4. Significance and Use
banceofsolutionsat412nmwithaminimumsamplelightpath
4.1 This test method measures the amount of formaldehyde
of 10 mm.
thatisreleasedfromacoatingunderlaboratoryconditions.The
amount of formaldehyde available for release from a coating
6. Reagents
may vary depending on composition, and may decrease as the
6.1 Acetylacetone Solution—Dissolve 150 6 0.1 g ammo-
sample ages.
nium acetate in ;600 mL deionized water in a 1-L volumetric
flask.Add 3.0-mLglacial acetic acid and 2.0-mLacetylacetone
(2,4 pentanedione) and dilute to volume.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
6.2 Formaldehyde Solution—Use 37 % in methanol/water,
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
commercial stock standard solution. If a commercially cali-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally
brated 37 % standard solution is not being used, the concen-
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D6191 – 97 (2003).
DOI: 10.1520/D6191-97R08E01.
tration of formaldehyde may determined in accordance with
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Test Method D2194. Then, the actual concentrations of the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
working calibrations standards are to be calculated using the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. measured value. (Warning—Formaldehyde, acetylacetone,
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D6191 − 97 (2008)
8.4 With the nitrogen flowing, remove the impinger tube
from the No. 2 impinger. If the sampling liquid is less than the
original 15 mL volume, restore the volume to 15 mL while
rinsing the impinger tube with deionized water. Disconnect the
No. 1 impinger in the series and rinse the impinger tube with
deionized water in order to restore the volume to 15 mL. Pour
the No. 1 impinger solution, which should contain most of the
formaldehyde, into a ;2-oz. bottle. Use the No. 2
...

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ASTM D6191-97(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Evolved Formaldehyde from Water Reducible Air-Dry Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method measures the amount of formaldehyde that is released from a coating under laboratory conditions. The amount of formaldehyde available for release from a coating may vary depending on composition, and may decrease as the sample ages.  
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5.1 This test method is an extension of Test Method D5403. While Test Method D5403 specifies that a test specimen be cured by exposure to UV or EB as prescribed by the supplier of the material, most radiation curable monomers and oligomers provided as raw materials to formulators are not designed to be used alone but rather as blends of monomers and oligomers so that there are no “supplier prescribed” exposure conditions. Test Method D5403 is not appropriate for the measurement of volatiles from thin radiation-curable coatings because supplier prescribed cure conditions include both a thickness and an exposure specification which are difficult or impossible to achieve in a test lab. Furthermore, inks form a special class of thin radiation curable coatings because they are formulated with known interferences (for example, pigments). As a result, Test Method D5403 does not provide a method for measuring volatiles from monomers and oligomers used as raw materials in the formulation of radiation curable coatings nor does it provide a method for measuring volatiles from thin radiation curable coatings such as inks.  
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ASTM D7869-17(Practice)
Standard Practice for Xenon Arc Exposure Test with Enhanced Light and Water Exposure for Transportation Coatings

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5.1 This test procedure is used to simulate the physical and environmental stresses that a coating for exterior transportation applications (for example, automotive) is exposed to in a subtropical climate, such as southern Florida. It has been found that such a subtropical climate causes particularly severe deterioration of such coatings. The long water exposures and wet/dry cycling found in southern Florida are particularly important for this deterioration, in addition to the high dosage of solar radiation (3). This practice was developed to address the deficiencies of historical tests used for transportation coatings, especially automotive coatings (4).
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice specifies the operating procedures for a controlled irradiance xenon arc light and water apparatus. The procedure uses one or more lamp(s) and optical filter(s) to produce irradiance similar to sunlight in the UV and visible range. It also simulates the water absorption and stress cycles experienced by automotive exterior coatings under natural weathering conditions. This practice has also been found applicable to coatings on other transportation vehicles, such as aircraft, trucks and rail cars.  
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