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ASTM D6191-97(2003)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Evolved Formaldehyde from Water Reducible Air-Dry Coatings

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Evolved Formaldehyde from Water Reducible Air-Dry Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method measures the amount of formaldehyde that is released from a coating under laboratory conditions. The amount of formaldehyde available for release from a coating may vary depending on composition, and may decrease as the sample ages.
This test method may be used for typical air dried paints where water is the major volatile material. The useful range is estimated to be from 10 ppm to 1000 ppm formaldehyde in the sample.
Significant amounts of other volatile aldehydes, such as acetaldehyde, are reported to cause an interference with the determination of formaldehyde. This limitation is not expected to cause a problem for most common water reducible coatings.
Samples containing organic solvents as the major volatile component have not been evaluated and are not expected to be compatible with this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method may be used to measure the amount of formaldehyde evolced from air-dry water reducible coatings utilizing latices, resin emulsions, or water reducible alkyds. The results may be used to define the "free" formaldehyde evolved from a sample under controlled laboratory conditions.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Mar-2003
ICS
25.220.99 - Other treatments and coatings
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6191-97 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Evolved Formaldehyde from Water Reducible Air-Dry Coatings
Effective Date
10-Mar-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D6191-97(2008)e1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Evolved Formaldehyde from Water Reducible Air-Dry Coatings
Effective Date
01-Nov-2008
Referred By
ASTM D6902-04(2023) - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Formaldehyde Evolved During the Curing of Melamine-Formaldehyde-Based Coatings
Effective Date
10-Mar-2003

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ASTM D6191-97(2003) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Evolved Formaldehyde from Water Reducible Air-Dry CoatingsASTM D6191-97(2003) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Evolved Formaldehyde from Water Reducible Air-Dry Coatings
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ASTM D6191-97(2003) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Evolved Formaldehyde from Water Reducible Air-Dry Coatings
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6191–97(Reapproved2003)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Evolved Formaldehyde from Water
Reducible Air-Dry Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope determination of formaldehyde. This limitation is not expected
to cause a problem for most common water reducible coatings.
1.1 This test method may be used to measure the amount of
4.4 Samples containing organic solvents as the major vola-
formaldehyde evolved from air-dry water reducible coatings
tile component have not been evaluated and are not expected to
utilizing latices, resin emulsions, or water reducible alkyds.
be compatible with this test method.
The results may be used to define the “free” formaldehyde
evolved from a sample under controlled laboratory conditions.
5. Apparatus
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Formaldehyde Collection Apparatus, assembled using a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
flowmeter to control the nitrogen flow at ;1.0 L/min, a 25 by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
200 mm outside diameter long glass test tube, and two 30-mL
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
midget impingers. Connections are made with glass tubes
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
through a No. 4 two-hole rubber stopper and clear flexible
2. Referenced Documents tubing (see Fig. 1).
5.2 Drawdown Bar, stainless steel No. 22 wire-wound
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.4-mm rod.
D 2194 Test Method for Concentration of Formaldehyde
5.3 Glass Sample Bottles,(;2 oz), capable of holding
Solutions.
30-mL solution.
3. Summary of Test Method
5.4 Spectrophotometer, capable of measuring the absor-
banceofsolutionsat412nmwithaminimumsamplelightpath
3.1 A sample of water reducible coating is placed on the
of 10 mm.
walls of a test tube with a drawdown rod and purged with
nitrogen. The evolved formaldehyde is collected in deionized
6. Reagents
water with tandem impingers and measured colorimetrically
6.1 Acetylacetone Solution—Dissolve 150 6 0.1 g ammo-
using acetylacetone at 412 nm.
nium acetate in ;600 mL deionized water in a 1-L volumetric
4. Significance and Use flask.Add 3.0-mLglacial acetic acid and 2.0-mLacetylacetone
(2,4 pentanedione) and dilute to volume.
4.1 This test method measures the amount of formaldehyde
6.2 Formaldehyde Solution —Use 37 % in methanol/water,
that is released from a coating under laboratory conditions.The
commercial stock standard solution. If a commercially cali-
amount of formaldehyde available for release from a coating
brated 37 % standard solution is not being used, the concen-
may vary depending on composition, and may decrease as the
tration of formaldehyde may determined in accordance with
sample ages.
Test Method D 2194. Then, the actual concentrations of the
4.2 This test method may be used for typical air dried paints
working calibrations standards are to be calculated using the
where water is the major volatile material. The useful range is
measured value.
estimated to be from 10 ppm to 1000 ppm formaldehyde in the
sample.
NOTE 1—Precaution: Formaldehyde, acetylacetone, and the other re-
4.3 Significant amounts of other volatile aldehydes, such as
agents used in this test method are toxic or hazardous. Exposure to these
acetaldehyde, are reported to cause an interference with the materials should be minimized. Consult the supplier’s Material Safety
Data Sheet for specific hazard information.
6.3 Formaldehyde Calibration Standards—Prepare a 100-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
ppmstocksolutionbydiluting25uLofthe37 %formaldehyde
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials. solution to 100 mL with deionized water. Dilute this interme-
Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originally
diate stock solution to prepare at least 5 calibration standards.
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 6191 – 97.
Pipeting 0.5, 3, 5, 7 and 10 mL aliquots of the stock solution
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6191–97 (2003)
rinsing the impinger tube with deionized water. Disconnect the
No. 1
...

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ASTM D6191-97(2021)(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method measures the amount of formaldehyde that is released from a coating under laboratory conditions. The amount of formaldehyde available for release from a coating may vary depending on composition, and may decrease as the sample ages.  
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5.1 This test method is an extension of Test Method D5403. While Test Method D5403 specifies that a test specimen be cured by exposure to UV or EB as prescribed by the supplier of the material, most radiation curable monomers and oligomers provided as raw materials to formulators are not designed to be used alone but rather as blends of monomers and oligomers so that there are no “supplier prescribed” exposure conditions. Test Method D5403 is not appropriate for the measurement of volatiles from thin radiation-curable coatings because supplier prescribed cure conditions include both a thickness and an exposure specification which are difficult or impossible to achieve in a test lab. Furthermore, inks form a special class of thin radiation curable coatings because they are formulated with known interferences (for example, pigments). As a result, Test Method D5403 does not provide a method for measuring volatiles from monomers and oligomers used as raw materials in the formulation of radiation curable coatings nor does it provide a method for measuring volatiles from thin radiation curable coatings such as inks.  
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Standard Practice for Xenon Arc Exposure Test with Enhanced Light and Water Exposure for Transportation Coatings

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5.1 This test procedure is used to simulate the physical and environmental stresses that a coating for exterior transportation applications (for example, automotive) is exposed to in a subtropical climate, such as southern Florida. It has been found that such a subtropical climate causes particularly severe deterioration of such coatings. The long water exposures and wet/dry cycling found in southern Florida are particularly important for this deterioration, in addition to the high dosage of solar radiation (3). This practice was developed to address the deficiencies of historical tests used for transportation coatings, especially automotive coatings (4).
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice specifies the operating procedures for a controlled irradiance xenon arc light and water apparatus. The procedure uses one or more lamp(s) and optical filter(s) to produce irradiance similar to sunlight in the UV and visible range. It also simulates the water absorption and stress cycles experienced by automotive exterior coatings under natural weathering conditions. This practice has also been found applicable to coatings on other transportation vehicles, such as aircraft, trucks and rail cars.  
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