ASTM E1933-14
(Practice)Standard Practice for Measuring and Compensating for Emissivity Using Infrared Imaging Radiometers
Standard Practice for Measuring and Compensating for Emissivity Using Infrared Imaging Radiometers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The emissivity of a specimen can cause surface temperature measurement errors. Two procedures are provided for measuring and compensating for this error source.
5.2 These procedures can be used in the field or laboratory, using commonly available materials.
5.3 These procedures can be used with any infrared radiometers that have the required computer capabilities.
5.4 The values of emissivity are defined only in terms of the procedure for the purpose of process control and nondestructive evaluation of materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring and compensating for emissivity when measuring the surface temperature of a specimen with an infrared imaging radiometer.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 These procedures may involve use of equipment and materials in the presence of heated or electrically-energized equipment, or both.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E1933 − 14
Standard Practice for
Measuring and Compensating for Emissivity Using Infrared
1
Imaging Radiometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1933; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.2 See also Terminology E1316.
1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring and
4. Summary of Practice
compensating for emissivity when measuring the surface
4.1 Two procedures are given for measuring the emissivity
temperature of a specimen with an infrared imaging radiom-
2
of a specimen surface, the contact thermometer method and the
eter.
non-contact thermometer method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.2 Aprocedure is also given for compensating for the error
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
produced by emissivity using the computer built into an
standard.
infrared imaging radiometer.
1.3 These procedures may involve use of equipment and
materials in the presence of heated or electrically-energized
5. Significance and Use
equipment, or both.
5.1 The emissivity of a specimen can cause surface tem-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
perature measurement errors. Two procedures are provided for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
measuring and compensating for this error source.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.2 These procedures can be used in the field or laboratory,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
using commonly available materials.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.3 These procedures can be used with any infrared radi-
2. Referenced Documents ometers that have the required computer capabilities.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.4 The values of emissivity are defined only in terms of the
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations procedure for the purpose of process control and nondestruc-
tive evaluation of materials.
3. Terminology
6. Interferences
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 reflected temperature—the temperature of the energy 6.1 Contact Thermometer Method—Contact thermometers
incident upon and reflected from the measurement surface of can act as heat sinks and change the temperature of the
the specimen. specimen.
3.1.2 surface-modifying material—any tape, spray, paint or
6.2 Noncontact Thermometer Method:
the like that is used to change the emissivity of the specimen
6.2.1 The use of surface-modifying materials can change
surface. the heat transfer properties and temperature of the specimen.
Any such errors can be minimized by applying surface-
modifying materials to the smallest area that satisfies the
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
measurement accuracy requirements of the radiometer and
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on
infrared thermographer.
Specialized NDT Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally
6.2.2 Before the surface-modifying material is applied to an
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1933 - 99a (2010).
area of the specimen adjacent to the area where the emissivity
DOI: 10.1520/E1933-14.
is to be measured (as directed in 8.2.4), errors can be
2
These procedures are adapted from the Guideline for Measuring and Compen-
minimized by viewing the imager display to ensure that both
sating for Reflected Temperature, Emittance and Transmittance developed by the
Infraspection Institute, 425 Ellis Street, Burlington, NJ 08016.
areas have the same temperature.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.2.3 When removing a surface-modifying material, as di-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
rected in 8.2.7, errors can be minimized by ensuring that the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. surface is returned to its original condition.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1933 − 14
measurement is averaged over a small region of the image. Use of an
6.3 Both procedures require the specimen to be at a tem-
average temperature box or a narrow band isotherm will produce more
perature that is at least 10°C warmer or cooler than the ambient
reproducible results than single pixel m
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1933 − 99a (Reapproved 2010) E1933 − 14
Standard Test Methods Practice for
Measuring and Compensating for Emissivity Using Infrared
1
Imaging Radiometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1933; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for measuring and compensating for emissivity when measuring the surface
2
temperature of a specimen with an infrared imaging radiometer.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 These test methods may involve use of equipment and materials in the presence of heated or electrically-energized
equipment, or both.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 reflected temperature—the temperature of the energy incident upon and reflected from the measurement surface of the
specimen.
3.1.2 surface-modifying material—any tape, spray, paint or the like that is used to change the emissivity of the specimen surface.
3.2 See also Terminology E1316.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Two test methods are given for measuring the emissivity of a specimen surface, the contact thermometer method and the
non-contact thermometer method.
4.2 A test method is also given for compensating for the error produced by emissivity using the computer built into an infrared
imaging radiometer.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The emissivity of a specimen can cause surface temperature measurement errors. Two test methods are provided for
measuring and compensating for this error source.
5.2 These test methods can be used in the field or laboratory, using commonly available materials.
5.3 These test methods can be used with any infrared radiometers that have the required computer capabilities.
1
These test methods are This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10
on Specialized NDT Methods.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2010October 2014. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as
ε1
E1933 - 99a (2005)(2010). . DOI: 10.1520/E1933-99AR10.10.1520/E1933-14.
2
These test methods procedures are adapted from the Guideline for Measuring and Compensating for Reflected Temperature, Emittance and Transmittance developed
by the Infraspection Institute, 425 Ellis Street, Burlington, NJ 08016.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1933 − 14
6. Interferences
6.1 Contact Thermometer Method—Contact thermometers can act as heat sinks and change the temperature of the specimen.
6.2 Noncontact Thermometer Method:
6.2.1 The use of surface-modifying materials can change the heat transfer properties and temperature of the specimen. Any such
errors can be minimized by applying surface-modifying materials to the smallest area that satisfies the measurement accuracy
requirements of the radiometer and infrared thermographer.
6.2.2 Before the surface-modifying material is applied to an area of the specimen adjacent to the area where the emissivity is
to be measured (as directed in 8.2.4), errors can be minimized by viewing the imager display to ensure that both areas have the
same temperature.
6.2.3 When removing a surface-modifying material, as directed in 8.2.7, errors can be minimized by ensuring that the surface
is returned to its original condition.
6.3 Both test methods require the specimen to be at a temperature that is at least 10°C warmer or cooler than the ambient
temperature. Potential errors can
...
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