ASTM D4994-89

Standard Practice for Recovery of Viruses from Wastewater Sludges

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1988
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.24 - Water Microbiology

Standards Content (Sample)

ASTM D4774 87 0757530 0038503 7 W cc, -26 -33
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTINO AND MATERIALS
IlTb Designation: D 4994 - 89
t9t8 Race CI., Philadelphia, Pa. 19103
Rapinled from th, Annual Book ol ASTM Stindardr. CqqtigM ASIM
If no^ li in lhe current combined inbuc, will appear in Ihr MÆI odiilon.
Standard Practice for
Recovery of Viruses from Wastewater Sludges’
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4994; thenumber immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval,
Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chem-
1. Scope
iCd society, where such Specifications are avdable.4 Other
1.1 This practice is used for the recovery of viruses from
grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the
wastewater sludges and favors the enteroviruses.
reagent is of sufficiently high punty to permit its use without
1.2 Both procedures are applicable to raw, digested, and
lessening the accuracy of the determination.
dewatered sludges.
Purity of Water-Unless otherwise indicated, refer-
5.2
Sections
be understood to mean reagent water
ences to water shall
Procedure A-Adsorption 6 to 10
conforming to Specification D 1193, Type II.
Procedure B-Sonication Il to 15
1.3 This practice was tested on standardized sludges as PROCEDURE A-ADSORPTION
described in 10.1 and 17.1. It is the user’s responsibility to
6. Summary of Procedure
ensure the validity of this practice for untested matrices.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, oper- 6.1 The adsorption procedure relies upon adsorption of
ations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to viruses from the liquid phase to the sludge solids, which are
acIdres.yul1 oftlie sufeíy problems associated with its use. It is concentrated by centrifugation. The supernatant is dis-
the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish carded. Viruses are desorbed from the solids by physi-
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the cochemical means and further concentrated by organic
npplicabilily of regulatory limitations prior to use. flocculation. Decontamination is accomplished by filtration.
1.5 Only adequutely trained personnel should be allowed
7. Apparatus
to peform these procedures and should use safety precautions
recommended by the US. Public Health Service, Center for 7.1 Centrijuge(s), refrigerated, capable of attaining 10 O00
Disease ControL2 for work with potentially hazardous biolog-
X g, screw-capped 100-mL centrifuge bottles that can with-
ical organisms.
stand 10000 X g, and 250-mL screw-capped centrifuge
bottles capable of withstanding 2 500 X g.
2. Referenced Documents
7.2 pH Meter, measuring to an accuracy of at least O. 1 pH
unit, equipped with a combination-type electrode. Calibrate
2.1 ASTM Standards:
with standard buffers.
D 1 129 Definitions of Terms Relating to Water3
7.3 Filter Apparatus, for membrane sterilization,’ with
D 1 193 Specification for Reagent Wate?
47-mm diameter filter holder and 50-mL slip-tip syringe (see
8.7 for type of filter material).
3. Terminology
3.1 DeJnitions-For definitions of terms used in this
8. Reagents and Materials
practice, refer to Definitions D 1129.
8.1 Aluminum Chloride Solution (12.07 g/L)-Dissolve
12.07 g of aluminum chloride (A1C13*6H20) in 500 mL of
4. Significance and Use
water and dilute to 1000 mL. Autoclave AlC13 solution at
4. I Although many laboratories are presently isolating
121°C for 15 min.
viruses from sludge, a valid comparison of data generated has
8.2 Buflered Beef Extract Solution-Dissolve 10 g of beef
not been possible because of the lack of a standard test
extract powder: 1.34 g of Na2HP04*7H20, and 0.12 g of
method(s).
citric acid in 100 mL of water in a screw-cap flask by stirring
for about 2 h on a magnetic stirrer. Autoclave at 121°C for
5. Purity of Reagents
15 min.
5.1 Purity of Reagents-Reagent grade chemicals shall be
8.3 Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Solution (4 gf 100
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended
that all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the
“Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications,” Am.
Chemical Soc., Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
I This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19. on Water Listed by the American Chemical Society, see “Reagent Chemicals and Standards,”
and is thc direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.24 on Water Microbiology. by Joseph Rosin, D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., New York, NY, and the “United
Current edition approved Oct. 27, 1989. Published March 1990. States Pharmacopeia.”
* Richardson, J. H., and Barkley, W. E., Biological Safiiy in Microbiological ”he Swinnex filter (No
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