ASTM E2346/E2346M-15(2022)e1
(Guide)Standard Guide for Sensory Evaluation of Household Hard Surface-Cleaning Products with Emphasis on Spray Triggers
Standard Guide for Sensory Evaluation of Household Hard Surface-Cleaning Products with Emphasis on Spray Triggers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The methods outlined in this guide can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the sensory characteristics and performance of trigger hard surface household cleaning products for nonporous surfaces.
5.2 The methods are suited for descriptive analysis and may be adaptable for consumer acceptance research.
5.3 This guide provides the procedure for the evaluation of package, application, performance, after-use and fragrance aspects of hard surface cleaners. Depending on the test objectives, all or some of these measures may be used.
5.4 This guide is designed for use for product research guidance in product formulation, new product development, and quality control issues.
5.5 This guide is a compendium of information or series of options that does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide is not intended for claim substantiation, as it has not been subjected to validation testing.
5.6 This guide is for use by individuals who familiarize themselves with these procedures and who have previous experience with sensory evaluations. It is suggested that the individuals have some experience with developing and training a descriptive panel or work under the supervision of a sensory professional who has.
5.7 This guide might involve hazardous materials. This guide does not claim to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and healthy practices and to determine the applicability of limitations prior to use.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide presents guidelines specific to the sensory evaluation of trigger hard surface cleaners. It covers the procedure for preparing a nonporous surface with the intent to measure one or all of the various aspects of a trigger product: package, application, performance, and after-use properties, with focus on visual, tactile, fragrance, performance, and package ergonomics. It is applicable for use with assessors, highly trained assessors, and consumers.
1.2 This guide for preparing nonporous hard surfaces is intended to focus on surface preparation and evaluation, not on panel selection, training, or development.
1.3 The reader should be aware that good sensory practices are required when preparing the surfaces, and in developing and training the assessors.
1.4 The researcher is responsible for identifying the most appropriate test design and using the appropriate statistical tool to address that experimental design.
1.5 Since this guide's intended use is to provide direction on the presentation and measurement of the different aspects of spray trigger hard surface cleaners, this guide may not accurately represent all possible soils and surfaces where spray trigger hard surface cleaners may be used.
1.6 This guide provides suggested procedures and is not meant to exclude alternate procedures that may be effectively used to provide the same results.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Techn...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: E2346/E2346M − 15 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Guide for
Sensory Evaluation of Household Hard Surface-Cleaning
Products with Emphasis on Spray Triggers
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2346/E2346M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Subsections 2.3 and 7.3 were editorially updated in October 2022.
1. Scope with the standard. Values are stated in only SI units when
inch-pound units are not used in practice.
1.1 This guide presents guidelines specific to the sensory
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
evaluation of trigger hard surface cleaners. It covers the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
procedure for preparing a nonporous surface with the intent to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
measure one or all of the various aspects of a trigger product:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
package, application, performance, and after-use properties,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
with focus on visual, tactile, fragrance, performance, and
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
package ergonomics. It is applicable for use with assessors,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
highly trained assessors, and consumers.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2 This guide for preparing nonporous hard surfaces is
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
intended to focus on surface preparation and evaluation, not on
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
panel selection, training, or development.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3 The reader should be aware that good sensory practices
2. Referenced Documents
are required when preparing the surfaces, and in developing
and training the assessors.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4265 Guide for Evaluating Stain Removal Performance in
1.4 The researcher is responsible for identifying the most
Home Laundering
appropriate test design and using the appropriate statistical tool
D5343 Guide for Evaluating Cleaning Performance of Ce-
to address that experimental design.
ramic Tile Cleaners
1.5 Sincethisguide’sintendeduseistoprovidedirectionon
E253 Terminology Relating to Sensory Evaluation of Mate-
the presentation and measurement of the different aspects of
rials and Products
spray trigger hard surface cleaners, this guide may not accu-
2.2 ISO Documents:
rately represent all possible soils and surfaces where spray
ISO 4121 Sensory Analysis—Methodology—Evaluation of
trigger hard surface cleaners may be used.
Food Products by Methods Using Scales and Categories
1.6 This guide provides suggested procedures and is not
ISO 5492 Sensory Analysis—Vocabulary
meant to exclude alternate procedures that may be effectively
ISO 5496 Sensory Analysis—Methodology—Initiation and
used to provide the same results.
Training ofAssessors in the Detection and Recognition of
Odors
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
ISO 6658 Sensory Analysis—Methodology—General Guid-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
ance
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
ISO 8586-1 Sensory Analysis—Methodology—General
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Guidance for Choosing, Training and Monitoring of Se-
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
lected Assessors
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E18 on Sensory For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Evaluationand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E18.07 on Personal Care contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and Household Evaluation. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E2346/E2346M – 15. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
DOI: 10.1520/E2346_E2346M-15R22E01. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2346/E2346M − 15 (2022)
ISO 11035 Sensory Analysis—Methodology— Identifica- 6. Equipment
tion of Descriptors for Establishing a Sensory Profile
6.1 The following equipment may be used during the
2.3 HCPA Test Methods:
preparation or evaluation process:
DCC-09 Glass Cleaners
6.1.1 Lights for a flat horizontal surface require overhead
DCC-09A Standard Guide for Evaluating the Filming and
lighting that simulates North Daylight (that is, Mac Beth
Streaking of Glass Cleaners
Lighting). See ASTM MNL 60 (1).
DCC-12 Guidelines for Screening the Efficacy of Oven
6.1.2 Lights for a vertical surface may use the Mac Beth
Cleaners
portable light box.
DCC-16 Guidelines for Evaluating the Efficacy of Bathroom
6.1.3 Surfaces identified as nonporous are: glass, ceramic,
Cleaners Scrubber Test for Measuring the Removal of
sheet acrylic—also known as Formica®, porcelain, enamel,
Lime Soap
painted metal, stainless steel, and chrome. Other non-porous
surfaces can be used depending on research objectives.
3. Terminology
6.1.4 Test soil (refer to Guides D4265 and D5343 for
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
example soil formulas).
3.1.1 nonporous surface—refers to a solid material that
6.1.5 Metered sprayer.
cannot be permeated by liquids.
6.1.6 Deionized water.
6.1.7 Reagent grade Acetone.
4. Summary of Guide
6.1.8 Cheesecloth.
4.1 This guide provides direction on how to assess spray
6.1.9 Vertical rack for drying soiled surfaces.
trigger hard surface cleaners. This guide describes sample 6.1.10 Lint free paper towels or absorbent cotton cloths.
preparation and evaluation approaches to various aspects of a
7. Procedure
spray trigger hard surface cleaner: visual, tactile, fragrance,
performance, and package ergonomics.
7.1 These procedures are designed for the preparation of
nonporous surfaces to be evaluated by trained assessors or
5. Significance and Use
consumers for acceptance in a Central Location Test (CLT)
5.1 The methods outlined in this guide can be used to environment. Not all portions of these procedures may need to
qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the sensory character- beconductedandwilldependontheobjectiveandscopeofthe
istics and performance of trigger hard surface household sensory test(s). Depending on the product’s end-use, select the
cleaning products for nonporous surfaces. soils and surfaces on which this product should be evaluated. It
is suggested consideration be given to testing on multiple
5.2 The methods are suited for descriptive analysis and may
surfacesormultiplesoils,orboth,tosatisfytheobjectiveofthe
be adaptable for consumer acceptance research.
test.
5.3 This guide provides the procedure for the evaluation of
7.2 Preparation of Surface for Testing—Select the nonpo-
package, application, performance, after-use and fragrance
rous surface(s) that are appropriate for the particular hard
aspects of hard surface cleaners. Depending on the test
surface cleaner to be evaluated. The test surfaces selected
objectives, all or some of these measures may be used.
should be thoroughly cleaned before and between uses. The
5.4 This guide is designed for use for product research
test surface has to be evaluated prior to use to determine that it
guidance in product formulation, new product development,
is free of manufacturer defects. This will help minimize any
and quality control issues.
variability from surface to surface. The surface should be
cleaned sequentially as follows:
5.5 This guide is a compendium of information or series of
options that does not recommend a specific course of action. 7.2.1 Wash in warm water with unscented hand dish wash-
ing liquid.
This guide is not intended for claim substantiation, as it has not
been subjected to validation testing. 7.2.2 Rinse with deionized water.
7.2.3 Wipe surface dry of any residual water with cheese-
5.6 This guide is for use by individuals who familiarize
cloth. Do not allow water droplets to dry on surface.
themselves with these procedures and who have previous
7.2.4 Rinse surface with acetone (reagent grade).
experience with sensory evaluations. It is suggested that the
7.2.5 Wipe surface dry of any residual acetone with
individualshavesomeexperiencewithdevelopingandtraining
cheesecloth, especially on surface edge.
a descriptive panel or work under the supervision of a sensory
7.2.6 Exposing the cleaned surfaces to a live stream of air
professional who has.
should be used to assess the effectiveness of the surface
5.7 This guide might involve hazardous materials. This
cleaningprocess.Thoseareasnotthoroughlycleanwilltakeon
guide does not claim to address all of the safety problems
a white, highly reflective appearance. In such a case, the entire
associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthis
surfacewillbere-cleaned,repeatingtheabovesteps.Soilingof
guide to establish appropriate safety and healthy practices and
the test surface should not occur until the test surface has been
to determine the applicability of limitations prior to use.
thoroughly cleaned.
4 5
Available from Household and Commercial Products Association (HCPA), The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
1667 K St., NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20006, https://www.thehcpa.org. this standard.
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E2346/E2346M − 15 (2022)
7.2.7 After cleaning, place the clean surfaces on a vertical When appropriate, the user develops/adapts the usage protocol
rack. Be sure the vertical rack does not allow the surfaces to according to the research objective.
touch each other. Take caution to avoid recontaminating the 7.5.1 If the surface is one that is cleaned in a vertical
clean surface. position, then it is recommended that the product usage and
assessment be made in the vertical position. For example, glass
7.3 Application of Soils—Select soils suitable for the hard
is usually seen in a vertical position (windows).Therefore, it is
surface cleaner of interest. Industry standard soil formulations
recommendedthatthesurfacebecleanedverticallyandthatthe
are available through industry organizations such as ASTM,
area behind the glass needs to have a neutral backdrop to
HCPA(Household and Commercial ProductsAssociation), and
preventanydistractionfromassessingtheproductperformance
IKW (Industrieverband Körperpflege-und Waschmittel e.V. –
on this surface. If the surface is one that is cleaned in a
German industrial union of detergents and cosmetics). It is the
horizontal position, then it is recommended that the product
responsibility of the user of this guide to identify the best
usage and assessment be made in the horizontal position. For
standard soil for their testing application, for example, bath-
example, sheet acrylic is usually seen in a horizontal position
room soil, kitchen soil, etc. The selected soil should be applied
(counter tops). For assessing horizontal surfaces, the Mac Beth
in a reproducible, uniform, and standard manner. To illustrate
Lighting needs to be positioned such that shadows do not fall
the specific nature of the application process, the following
across the surface being evaluated.
instruction steps should be used. The example given is when
7.5.2 The test objective will determine who applies the
the Spangler soil is applied to a glass surface, but is applicable
product. For example, if application is the area being
for other soils and surfaces. Several test methods (HCPA test
evaluated, then the assessors or trained assessors apply the
methods, see 2.3) are available that present the application of
product. If visual is the area being assessed, the sensory
different soils and cleaning products on diverse surfaces and
professionalappliesthetriggerproductsandcleansthesurface.
might provide additional insights in conducting the procedures
This is to ensure consistency across the treated surfaces.
described in this guide.
7.5.3 Assessors and trained assessors wipe the surface with
7.3.1 The Spangler soils are applied using a metered spray
a lint free paper towel or an absorbent cotton cloth. Through
onto the clean surface.
orientations prior to evaluations trained assessors will have
7.3.2 Prime the sprayer before use.
establishedthenumberofwipes,thedirectionofwipes,andthe
7.3.3 Apply a suggested 5.5 g 6 1.0 g of soil to a 30.5 cm
amount of pressure that they need to apply for an application
by 30.5 cm [12 by 12 in.] glass plate. Uniform application of
assessment.
soil is accomplished by spraying two plates, side-by-side in the
7.6 Trained Assessors:
fume hood, at a distance of approximately 20 cm [8 in.], using
7.6.1 Trained descriptive panels should be used when there
four horizontal sweeping sprays, then two vertical sweeping
is the desire to obtain a detailed qualitative and quantitative
sprays for a one-coat application.
product characterization and to determine the differences
7.3.4 Repeat this process for a total of three coats to achieve
between products on sensory product attributes.
the desired soil weight. To ensure a consistent weight of soil
7.6.2 For general information on panel selection criteria and
per plate, it is best to spray soil onto tare glass plates and check
training, consultASTM Manual 13 (2),ASTM Manual 26 (3),
the final weight after complete solvent evaporation. Depending
and ASTM STP 758 (4). Additional assessor considerations
on the soiling compound, the amount of soil applied may vary
should be taken into account and screened out depending upon
from the Spangler soil protocol of three coats.
the test requirements. Some considerations are color blindness,
7.3.5 All plates used in the testing array should be soiled at
olfactory acuity or lack of olfactory sensitivity, allergies, and
thesametime.Itissuggestedthatplatessoiledonthesameday
medical conditions like pregnancy, breast feeding, or chronic
be used as a group.
disease of the assessor.
7.3.6 Warning—The soiling process requires skill and
7.7 Consumers:
judgment. Consideration should be given to the soil loading
7.7.1 Consumer
...
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