ASTM E253-13a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Sensory Evaluation of Materials and Products
Standard Terminology Relating to Sensory Evaluation of Materials and Products
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Designation: E253 − 13a
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Sensory Evaluation of Materials and Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E253; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
DISCUSSION—Typical examples include 2-AFC (directional different
1. Referenced Documents
test) and 3-AFC (selecting the one stimulus among a set of three that
2
1.1 ASTM Standards:
differs in a defined attribute).
E284 Terminology of Appearance
alternative forced choice (AFC) test, n—method in which 2,
2. Terminology
3, or more stimuli are presented, and assessors are given a
criterion by which they are required to select one stimulus.
absolute judgment, n—an evaluation of a stimulus made
(2008)
without direct comparison to other stimuli. (2007)
DISCUSSION—Typicalexamplesinclude2-AFC(directionaldifference
acceptability/unacceptability, n—degree to which a stimulus test) and 3-AFC (selecting the one stimulus among a set of three that
differs in a defined attribute).
is judged to be favorable or unfavorable. (2006)
anchoring point, n—a reference point against which other
acuity, n—the ability to detect or discriminate sensory stimuli.
items are judged. (1996)
(2007)
anosmia, n—lack of sensitivity to odor stimuli. (1996)
adaptation, sensory, n—a decrease in sensitivity to a given
stimulus which occurs as a result of exposure to that
A–not-A test,n—amethodofdiscriminationtestingcomprised
stimulus. (2006)
of at least two samples; at least one sample is a previously
affective test, n—any method to assess acceptance, liking, identified sample (“A”) and at least one is a test sample.All
samples are presented blindly, and the assessor’s task is to
preference, or emotions for a stimulus or stimuli. (2008)
assign the label “A” or “not-A” to each of the samples.
after effects, n—total array of sensations that occur after
(2001)
removal of the stimulus from the sensing field (for example,
with foods) or after application of the stimulus (for example, antagonism, n—joint action of two or more stimuli whose
combination elicits a level of sensation lower than that
with non-foods). (2008)
expected from combining the effects of each stimulus taken
after feel, n—feel of the skin after application of a sample,
separately. (1996)
with or without touching, usually measured at a specified
time point. (2008) aroma, n—perception resulting from stimulating the olfactory
receptors; in a broader sense, the term is sometimes used to
aftertaste, n—the oral or nasal sensations that occur after the
refer to the combination of sensations resulting from stimu-
stimulus has been removed from the oral cavity. See after
lation of the entire nasal cavity. (1996)
effects. (2007)
DISCUSSION—Aroma, odor, and smell have the same basic meaning;
however, in common usage they may have different connotations.
aguesia, n—lack of sensitivity to taste stimuli. (1996)
aromatic, n—perception resulting from stimulating the olfac-
alternative forced choice (AFC), n—method in which 2, 3, or
tory receptors retronasally. (2010)
more stimuli are presented, and assessors are given a
criterion by which they are required to select one stimulus.
assessor, n—a general term for any individual responding to
(2008)
stimuli in a sensory test. (2006)
DISCUSSION—The terms assessor, judge, panelist, panel member, and
1
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE18onSensory
respondent all have the same basic meaning, although sometimes
Evaluation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E18.01 on Terminology.
differentconnotations.Usageofthesetermsvarieswiththetrainingand
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published November 2013. Originally
experience of the investigator, habit, tradition, personal preference, and
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E253 – 13. DOI:
other factors.
10.1520/E0253-13A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
astringency, n—the complex of sensations due to shrinking,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
drawing, or puckering of the epithelium as a result of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. exposure to substances such as alums or tannins. (1996)
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E253 − 13a
attitude, n—a predisposition to respond in a characteristic way hue—attribute of color related to the wavelength of electro-
toward a
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E253 − 13 E253 − 13a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Sensory Evaluation of Materials and Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E253; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 ASTM Standards:
E284 Terminology of Appearance
2. Terminology
absolute judgment, n—an evaluation of a stimulus made without direct comparison to other stimuli. (2007)
acceptability/unacceptability, n—degree to which a stimulus is judged to be favorable or unfavorable. (2006)
acuity, n—the ability to detect or discriminate sensory stimuli. (2007)
adaptation, sensory, n—a decrease in sensitivity to a given stimulus which occurs as a result of exposure to that stimulus. (2006)
affective test, n—any method to assess acceptance, liking, preference, or emotions for a stimulus or stimuli. (2008)
after effects, n—total array of sensations that occur after removal of the stimulus from the sensing field (for example, with foods)
or after application of the stimulus (for example, with non-foods). (2008)
after feel, n—feel of the skin after application of a sample, with or without touching, usually measured at a specified time point.
(2008)
aftertaste, n—the oral or nasal sensations that occur after the stimulus has been removed from the oral cavity. See after effects.
(2007)
aguesia, n—lack of sensitivity to taste stimuli. (1996)
alternative forced choice (AFC), n—method in which 2, 3, or more stimuli are presented, and assessors are given a criterion by
which they are required to select one stimulus. (2008)
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E18 on Sensory Evaluation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E18.01 on Terminology.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2013. Published May 2013November 2013. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 as
E253 – 12a.E253 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/E0253-13.10.1520/E0253-13A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
DISCUSSION—
Typical examples include 2-AFC (directional different test) and 3-AFC (selecting the one stimulus among a set of three that differs in a defined
attribute).
alternative forced choice (AFC) test, n—method in which 2, 3, or more stimuli are presented, and assessors are given a criterion
by which they are required to select one stimulus. (2008)
DISCUSSION—
Typical examples include 2-AFC (directional difference test) and 3-AFC (selecting the one stimulus among a set of three that differs in a defined
attribute).
anchoring point, n—a reference point against which other items are judged. (1996)
anosmia, n—lack of sensitivity to odor stimuli. (1996)
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E253 − 13a
A–not-A test, n—a method of discrimination testing comprised of at least two samples; at least one sample is a previously
identified sample (“A”) and at least one is a test sample. All samples are presented blindly, and the assessor’s task is to assign
the label “A” or “not-A” to each of the samples. (2001)
antagonism, n—joint action of two or more stimuli whose combination elicits a level of sensation lower than that expected from
combining the effects of each stimulus taken separately. (1996)
aroma, n—perception resulting from stimulating the olfactory receptors; in a broader sense, the term is sometimes used to refer
to the combination of sensations resulting from stimulation of the entire nasal cavity. (1996)
DISCUSSION—
Aroma, odor, and smell have the same basic meaning; however, in common usage they may have different connotations.
aromatic, n—perception resulting from stimulating the olfactory receptors retronasally. (2010)
assessor, n—a general term for any individual responding to stimuli in a sensory test. (2006)
DISCUSSION—
The terms assessor,judge,panelist,panel member, and respondent all have the same basic meaning, although sometimes different connotations. Usage
of these terms varies with the training and experience of the inve
...
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