ASTM D5343-06(2012)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Evaluating Cleaning Performance of Ceramic Tile Cleaners
Standard Guide for Evaluating Cleaning Performance of Ceramic Tile Cleaners
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide suggests methodology for cleaning tests. This methodology can only be applied to assess product performance on typical bathroom soils and is not inclusive of all potential soils present on ceramic tiles or other bathroom surfaces. An assessment of cleaning performance on surfaces other than ceramic tile cannot be presumed since there is no confirmed basis for correlation for this soil on other surface or substrate types.
The results of tests based on this guide are regarded as diagnostic screening values useful in formulation studies, quality control, and ingredient raw material qualification. The results of this guide should be compared to control treatments, which are incorporated into each performance evaluation. These results should be considered to be relative to all other treatments in the study and are not absolute values. For interlaboratory comparisons, exact treatment conditions must be established and then results should be compared as relative ranking to the control treatments rather than as absolute values.
This guide is applicable to testing all types of multi-purpose household and bathroom cleaners, whether the detergent is prepared by dissolving a soluble powder, a dilutable liquid, or is a non-dilutable product. It may also be useful for evaluation of products or conditions normally associated with industrial or institutional cleaners.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the evaluation of the cleaning performance of products intended for use on ceramic tiles. This guide provides techniques for soiling, cleaning, and evaluating performance of detergent systems under controlled, but practical, hard-surface cleaning conditions.
Note 1—The soils described in this guide are known in the industry as “soap scum.”
1.2 Such systems include any detergent, cleaner, or abrasive cleanser intended for cleaning hard surfaces composed of ceramic tile. This guide is not appropriate for evaluating performance on grout. This guide also excludes other surfaces such as glass, resilient flooring, synthetic countertop surfaces or washable wall surfaces. The products for which this guide is intended include solutions of soluble powdered detergent, dilutions of concentrated liquid detergent, or products intended to be used full strength, for example, foams, sprays, liquid, powders, or paste.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D5343–06 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Guide for
Evaluating Cleaning Performance of Ceramic Tile Cleaners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5343; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
1.1 This guide covers the evaluation of the cleaning perfor-
D2960 Guide for Controlled Laundering Test Using Natu-
manceofproductsintendedforuseonceramictiles.Thisguide
rally Soiled Fabrics and Household Appliances
provides techniques for soiling, cleaning, and evaluating per-
formance of detergent systems under controlled, but practical,
3. Terminology
hard-surface cleaning conditions.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
NOTE 1—The soils described in this guide are known in the industry as
3.1.1 bathroom soil—thesoilcomposedofmaterialspresent
“soap scum.”
on typical bathroom surfaces.
1.2 Such systems include any detergent, cleaner, or abrasive
3.1.2 cycle—a cycle is defined as being both the back and
cleanser intended for cleaning hard surfaces composed of
forth strokes on the scrubbing apparatus.
ceramic tile. This guide is not appropriate for evaluating
3.1.3 soil—in hard surface cleaning, foreign matter on a
performance on grout. This guide also excludes other surfaces
hard surface such as a ceramic tile.
such as glass, resilient flooring, synthetic countertop surfaces
3.1.4 substrate—the soiled surface that is being cleaned.
or washable wall surfaces.The products for which this guide is
4. Summary of Guide
intended include solutions of soluble powdered detergent,
dilutions of concentrated liquid detergent, or products intended
4.1 Soils are artificially applied in a standardized manner to
to be used full strength, for example, foams, sprays, liquid, a ceramic tile surface. The soiled surfaces are cleaned using a
powders, or paste.
straight-line washability apparatus, and the cleaned substrates
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the are evaluated using reflectance measurements, or visually by a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
panelofjudges.Aschematicdiagramofthesoilcompositionis
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
summarized in Fig. 1.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety
Data Sheets are available for reagents. Review them for 5.1 This guide suggests methodology for cleaning tests.
hazards prior to usage. This methodology can only be applied to assess product
performance on typical bathroom soils and is not inclusive of
2. Referenced Documents
all potential soils present on ceramic tiles or other bathroom
2.1 ASTM Standards:
surfaces. An assessment of cleaning performance on surfaces
other than ceramic tile cannot be presumed since there is no
confirmed basis for correlation for this soil on other surface or
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps and substrate types.
Other Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.16 on Hard
5.2 The results of tests based on this guide are regarded as
Surface Cleaning.
diagnostic screening values useful in formulation studies,
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2012. Published March 2012. Originally
quality control, and ingredient raw material qualification. The
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5343 – 06. DOI:
10.1520/D5343-06R12.
results of this guide should be compared to control treatments,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
which are incorporated into each performance evaluation.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
These results should be considered to be relative to all other
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. treatments in the study and are not absolute values. For
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D5343–06 (2012)
6.2.16 Carbon Lampblack,
6.2.17 Distilled Water, and
6.2.18 Synthetic Hard Water, 100 ppm hardness, as CaCO ,
+2 +2
3:1 Ca :Mg .
6.3 Equipment:
6.3.1 Balance,
6.3.2 Stirplate/Hotplate, two,
6.3.3 Magnetic Stirbars, two,
6.3.4 Beakers, 4000 mL, 2000 mL, 1000 mL, 600 mL
(metal), and 500 mL,
6.3.5 Forced Draft Oven, capable of 110 6 5°C,
6.3.6 Buchner Funnel, 500 mL,
6.3.7 Vacuum Flask, 2000 mL,
6.3.8 Filter Paper, Whatman 1,
6.3.9 Separatory Funnel, 500 mL,
6.3.10 Ring Stand and Ring, to fit separatory funnel,
FIG. 1 Bathroom Soil Composition
6.3.11 Mortar and Pestle,
6.3.12 Sieve, 14 mesh,
interlaboratory comparisons, exact treatment conditions must
6.3.13 Ball Mill and Ceramic Jar, with 1-in. diameter
be established and then results should be compared as relative
ceramic cylinders,
rankingtothecontroltreatmentsratherthanasabsolutevalues.
6.3.14 Cookie Sheet,
5.3 This guide is applicable to testing all types of multi-
6.3.15 Replacement Mini Trimmer Paint Pads, two,
purpose household and bathroom cleaners, whether the deter-
6.3.16 Refrigeration, for storage, 35°F, and
gent is prepared by dissolving a soluble powder, a dilutable
6.3.17 Plastic Disposable Pipets.
liquid, or is a non-dilutable product. It may also be useful for
6.4 Procedure:
evaluation of products or conditions normally associated with
industrial or institutional cleaners.
Pre-mix No. 1 Preparation
6. Preparation of Soil
6.4.1 Synthetic Sebum Soil:
6.4.1.1 Prepare synthetic sebum soil using the following
6.1 Summary of Method—White ceramic tiles are soiled
constituents:
with a composite soil composed of two separate preblends.
One preblend consists of a mixture of synthetic sebum, metal Constituent Weight %
stearates, carbon black, and dirt. The second preblend is a
Palmitic acid 10.0
predissolved sodium stearate solution. Soil is applied using a
Stearic acid 5.0
Coconut oil 15.0
painting pad applicator.The soiled substrate is scrubbed with a
Paraffin wax 10.0
fine-celled sponge, to which the detergent system being tested
Sperm wax 15.0
has been applied, or with a damp sponge when the product is
Olive oil 20.0
Squalene 5.0
to be applied to the soil surface. Cleaning performance is
Cholesterol 5.0
evaluatedbycomparingreflectancemeasurementsmadeonthe
Oleic acid 10.0
clean/unsoiled test panel, soiled panel (untreated), and on the
Linoleic acid 5.0
Total 100.0
soiled panel after scrubbing with a straight-line washability
apparatus. Results can be either a visual rating or calculated as
6.4.1.2 Weigh the oils out into one beaker. Then weigh the
a percentage of soil removed.
powders out into another beaker. Weigh the paraffin wax and
6.2 Materials:
sperm wax into a third beaker.
6.2.1 Super Mix Potting Soil, from local store,
6.4.1.3 Warm the oils on a hot plate, but do not allow
6.2.2 Palmitic Acid, reagent grade,
mixture temperature to exceed 54°C. Add powders and stir
6.2.3 Stearic Acid, powder, triple pressed,
until dissolved.
6.2.4 Coconut Oil,
6.4.1.4 Addtheparaffinwaxandspermwaxandstiruntilall
6.2.5 Paraffın Wax,
ingredients are dissolved.
6.2.6 Sperm Wax,
6.4.1.5 Pour the sebum into a glass jar and refrigerate at
6.2.7 Olive Oil,
35°F. The sebum may be stored at 35°F for up to six months.
6.2.8 Squalene,
6.4.2 Iron Stearate Preparation—Iron stearate is not com-
6.2.9 Cholesterol,
mercially available and must, therefore, be prepared in the lab.
6.2.10 Oleic Acid,
The following reaction is used to prepare iron stearate:
6.2.11 Linoleic Acid, purified,
3 Na Stearate 1 1 FeCl ·6H O→ 3 NaCl 1 1 Fe Stearate (1)
3 2 3
6.2.12 Sodium Stearate, technical grade,
6.2.13 Ferric Chloride, hexahydrate, FeCl ·6H O, 6.4.2.1 Dissolve 15 g of FeCl ·6H O in 285 g of distilled
3 2 3 2
6.2.14 Calcium Stearate, technical grade, water. Pour solution into a 500-mLseparatory funnel. Set aside
6.2.15 Magnesium Stearate, until needed.
D5343–06 (2012)
6.4.2.2 Add 40.5 g of sodium stearate to 1960 g of distilled 6.4.5.3 Add the remaining ingredients in the following
water in a 4000-mLbeaker. Stir mixture and heat to 60 to 80°C order: stearate premix, carbon black, and super mix dirt. Mix
until sodium stearate is completely dissolved. after each addition until homogeneous.
6.4.2.3 After the sodium stearate has dissolved, add the 6.4.5.4 Once the addition is complete, place a stirbar in the
beaker and begin stirring at medium speed. Maintain the
ferric chloride solution (from 6.4.2.1) slowly. Iron stearate will
immediately begin to precipitate. After the addition of the temperature of the mixture at 65 to 70°C.
ferric chloride solution has been completed, stir for an addi-
Premix No. 2 Preparation
tional 5 min.
6.4.2.4 Remove beaker from heat and allow the mixture to
6.4.6 Sodium Stearate Solution:
cool.
6.4.6.1 Prepare sodium stearate solution as follows:
6.4.2.5 When the temperature has dropped to 30 to 35°C,
Constituent Target Weight, g
filter the mixture through Whatman 1 filter paper using a large
Sodium stearate 40.29
Buchner funnel.
Distilled water 259.71
6.4.2.6 Wash the precipitate with distilled water (3 by 500
Total 300.00
mL) to remove any remaining unreacted ferric chloride.
6.4.6.2 Add sodium stearate to distilled water.
6.4.2.7 Allowtheironstearatetodryatroomtemperatureto
6.4.6.3 Heat mixture to 75°C and stir until sodium stearate
constant weight (approximately three days).
is dissolved and solution is clear. This can take up to 30 min to
6.4.2.8 Iron stearate can be stored in a closed container for
completely dissolve the sodium stearate.
up to one year.
6.4.6.4 Maintain temperature of solution at 75°C.
6.4.3 Stearate Premix Preparation:
6.5 Final Soil Preparation:
6.4.3.1 Prepare stearate premix preparation using the fol-
6.5.1 Add Premix No. 2 to Premix No. 1 in 20-g increments
lowing constituents in the order detailed as follows:
until all of Premix No. 2 has been added. Stir (using stirplate)
Constituent Weight, g
between each 20-g addition. Premix No. 1 and Premix No. 2
are heated throughout the addition procedure.
Calcium stearate 53.0
6.5.2 Stir at high speed with continued heati
...
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