ASTM E1476-04(2010)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Metals Identification, Grade Verification, and Sorting
Standard Guide for Metals Identification, Grade Verification, and Sorting
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A major concern of metals producers, warehouses, and users is to establish and maintain the identity of metals from melting to their final application. This involves the use of standard quality assurance practices and procedures throughout the various stages of manufacturing and processing, at warehouses and materials receiving, and during fabrication and final installation of the product. These practices typically involve standard chemical analyses and physical tests to meet product acceptance standards, which are slow. Several pieces from a production run are usually destroyed or rendered unusable through mechanical and chemical testing, and the results are used to assess the entire lot using statistical methods. Statistical quality assurance methods are usually effective; however, mixed grades, off-chemistry, and nonstandard physical properties remain the primary causes for claims in the metals industry. A more comprehensive verification of product properties is necessary. Nondestructive means are available to supplement conventional metals grade verification techniques, and to monitor chemical and physical properties at selected production stages, in order to assist in maintaining the identities of metals and their consistency in mechanical properties.
Nondestructive methods have the potential for monitoring grade during production on a continuous or statistical basis, for monitoring properties such as hardness and case depth, and for verifying the effectiveness of heat treatment, cold-working, and the like. They are quite often used in the field for solving problems involving off-grade and mixed-grade materials.
The nondestructive methods covered in this guide provide both direct and indirect responses to the sample being evaluated. Spectrometric analysis instruments respond to the presence and percents of alloying constituents. The electromagnetic (eddy current) and thermoelectric methods, on the other hand, are among those that respond to properties in t...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for tutorial purposes only. It describes the general requirements, methods, and procedures for the nondestructive identification and sorting of metals.
1.2 It provides guidelines for the selection and use of methods suited to the requirements of particular metals sorting or identification problems.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 10.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:E1476 −04(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Guide for
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Metals Identification, Grade Verification, and Sorting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1476; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F355TestMethodforImpactAttenuationofPlayingSurface
Systems and Materials
1.1 This guide is intended for tutorial purposes only. It
F1156Terminology Relating to Product Counterfeit Protec-
describes the general requirements, methods, and procedures
3
tion Systems (Withdrawn 2001)
for the nondestructive identification and sorting of metals.
1.2 It provides guidelines for the selection and use of
3. Terminology
methods suited to the requirements of particular metals sorting
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this guide are defined in the
or identification problems.
standards cited in Section 2 and in current technical literature
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
or dictionaries; however, because a number of terms that are
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
used generally in nondestructive testing have meanings or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
carry implications unique to metal sorting, they appear with
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
explanation in Appendix X1.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
precautionary statements, see Section 10.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 A major concern of metals producers, warehouses, and
2. Referenced Documents
users is to establish and maintain the identity of metals from
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
melting to their final application. This involves the use of
E158Practice for Fundamental Calculations to Convert
standardqualityassurancepracticesandproceduresthroughout
Intensities into Concentrations in Optical Emission Spec-
the various stages of manufacturing and processing, at ware-
3
trochemical Analysis (Withdrawn 2004)
housesandmaterialsreceiving,andduringfabricationandfinal
E305Practice for Establishing and Controlling Atomic
installation of the product. These practices typically involve
Emission Spectrochemical Analytical Curves
standard chemical analyses and physical tests to meet product
E322Test Method for Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels and
acceptance standards, which are slow. Several pieces from a
CastIronsbyWavelengthDispersiveX-RayFluorescence
production run are usually destroyed or rendered unusable
Spectrometry
through mechanical and chemical testing, and the results are
E566Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sorting
usedtoassesstheentirelotusingstatisticalmethods.Statistical
of Ferrous Metals
quality assurance methods are usually effective; however,
E572TestMethodforAnalysisofStainlessandAlloySteels
mixed grades, off-chemistry, and nonstandard physical proper-
by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
ties remain the primary causes for claims in the metals
E703Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sorting
industry. A more comprehensive verification of product prop-
of Nonferrous Metals
erties is necessary. Nondestructive means are available to
E977Practice for Thermoelectric Sorting of Electrically
supplement conventional metals grade verification techniques,
Conductive Materials
and to monitor chemical and physical properties at selected
production stages, in order to assist in maintaining the identi-
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ties of metals and their consistency in mechanical properties.
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-
tiveTesting and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on Specialized
4.2 Nondestructive methods have the potential for monitor-
NDT Methods.
inggradeduringproductiononacontinuousorstatisticalbasis,
Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1476-04. DOI:
formonitoringpropertiessuchashardnessandcasedepth,and
10.1520/E1476-04R10.
forverifyingtheeffectivenessofheattreatment,cold-working,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and the like. They are quite often used in the field for solving
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on problems involving off-grade and mixed-grade materials.
the ASTM website.
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4.3 The nondestructive methods covered in this guide pro-
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. vide both direct and indirect responses to the sample being
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