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ASTM D2497-01

(Specification)

Standard Tolerances for Man-Made Organic-Base Filament Single Yarns

Standard Tolerances for Man-Made Organic-Base Filament Single Yarns

SCOPE
1.1 These tolerances cover first-quality, manufactured, organic-base filament single yarns (namely, bright, semi-dull, dull, solution-dyed, bleached, unbleached, etc.) regardless of the package type. These tolerances cover permissible variations in linear density, tenacity, elongation, twist, and commercial weight.
1.1.1 These tolerances do not apply to rubber yarns, spandex yarns, metal-covered yarns, nor to bulk yarns since test methods for these types of yarn are not available. These tolerances do not apply to industrial filament yarns.
Note 1--Tolerances for inorganic glass yarns are given in Specifications and Methods D578.
1.2 This standard covers only tolerances. It does not cover specifications or quality levels, for yarns to be used for any purpose. Specifications for specific properties are subject to agreement by the purchaser and the supplier.
Note 2--While the tolerances specified may be applied to yarn taken from fabric, the properties of such yarns will likely differ from the original level.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2001
ICS
59.060.20 - Man-made fibres
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2497-95 - Standard Tolerances for Man-Made Organic-Base Filament Single Yarns
Effective Date
10-Apr-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D2497-07 - Standard Tolerances for Manufactured Organic-Base Filament Single Yarns
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007

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ASTM D2497-01 - Standard Tolerances for Man-Made Organic-Base Filament Single Yarns
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2497–01
Standard Tolerances for
1
Manufactured Organic-Base Filament Single Yarns
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2497; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
2
1. Scope D 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
D 2494 TestMethodforCommercialMassofaShipmentof
1.1 These tolerances cover first-quality, manufactured,
2
Yarn or Man-Made Staple Fiber or Tow
organic-base filament single yarns (namely, bright, semi-dull,
dull, solution-dyed, bleached, unbleached, etc.) regardless of
3. Terminology
the package type. These tolerances cover permissible varia-
3.1 Definitions:
tions in linear density, tenacity, elongation, twist, and commer-
3.1.1 tolerances, n—in mathematics, prescribed limits of
cial weight.
variation for specified properties of a particular material based
1.1.1 These tolerances do not apply to rubber yarns, span-
on observed values obtained by specified test methods and on
dex yarns, metal-covered yarns, nor to bulk yarns since test
samples that are representative of the material.
methods for these types of yarn are not available. These
3.1.2 For definitions of other terms used in these tolerances,
tolerances do not apply to industrial filament yarns.
refer to Terminology D 123.
NOTE 1—Tolerances for inorganic glass yarns are given in Specifica-
tions and Methods D 578.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 This standard covers only tolerances. It does not cover
4.1 These tolerances may be used as a guide in purchaser/
specifications or quality levels, for yarns to be used for any supplier disputes, or to assist in assigning nominal values for
purpose. Specifications for specific properties are subject to
linear density and twist.The tolerances listed for each property
agreement by the purchaser and the supplier. represent the maximum variations deemed acceptable in the
trade.
NOTE 2—While the tolerances specified may be applied to yarn taken
fromfabric,thepropertiesofsuchyarnswilllikelydifferfromtheoriginal
5. Test Methods
level.
5.1 Take a sample of yarn as directed in Practice D 2258.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Make the indicated tests as directed in Test Method D 1907 for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Yarn Number, Test Method D 1423 for Direct Twist, Test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Method D 2256 for Single Strand Breaking Strength, and Test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Method D 2494 for Commercial Mass.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Tolerances
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 Linear Density—The average linear density shall con-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
form to the average linear density agreed upon between the
2
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
purchaser and the supplier with the tolerances specified in
2
D 578 Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
Table 1.
2
D 1423 Test Method forTwist inYarns by Direct-Counting
6.2 Strength—The average breaking force of the yarn de-
D 1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn
termined in single strand tests or the average force at a specific
2
Number) by the Skein Method
level of elongation, in each packing case of ten or more yarn
D 2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the
packages or on a beam, shall be equal to or exceed the
2
Single-Strand Method
previously agreed upon level.
6.3 Elongation—The average elongation of the yarn at the
1
breaking force or at a specified force, in each packing case of
These tolerances are under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles,
and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarn Test Methods,
ten or more yarn packages or on a beam, shall conform to the
General.
limits: specified elongation 6 20 % of the specified average
Current edition approved April 10, 2001. Published June 2001. Originally
elongation.
published as D 2497 – 63 T replacing D 1235, D 1236, and D 1237. Last previous
6.4 Twist:
edition D 2497 – 95.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2497
TABLE 1 Average Linear Density Tolerances NOTE 3—Particular attention is drawn to the results of an interlabora-
tory test described in Section 10 of Method D 2494.
Tolerance of
Average
7. Conformance
Linear
Density,%
7.1 The purchaser and the supplier may agree on a proce-
Each Individual Yarn Package, Except Beams:
dure to establish conformance, including control charts fur
...

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Standard Test Methods for Breaking Tenacity of Manufactured Textile Fibers in Loop or Knot Configurations

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5.1 Both the loop breaking tenacity and the knot breaking tenacity, calculated from the breaking force measured under the conditions specified herein and the linear density of the fiber, are fundamental properties that are used to establish limitations on fiber-processing and upon their end-use applications. Physical properties, such as brittleness, not well defined by tests for breaking force and elongation can be estimated from the ratio of breaking tenacity measured in loop or knot tests, or both, and the normal tenacity as measured by Test Method D3822 provided both methods use the same gauge length and strain rate.  
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1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the breaking tenacity of manufactured textile fibers taken from filament yarns, staple, or tow fiber, either crimped or uncrimped, and tested in either a double loop or as a strand formed into a single overhand knot.  
1.2 Methods for measuring the breaking tenacity of conditioned and wet (immersed) fibers in loop and knot form are included.  
1.3 Elongation in loop or knot tests has no known significance, and is usually not recorded.  
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ASTM D3218-07(2018)(Specification)
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers polyolefin monofilament yarn materials, and test methods for standard polyolefin monofilaments. The direct yarn number in tex or in denier, tensile properties in terms of breaking force, breaking tenacity, elongation at break and initial modulus shall be determined from a sample material. The width, thickness, gloss, hot water shrinkage, resistance to ultraviolet radiation, stability to thermal oxidation and cleanliness of the material shall also be analyzed.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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6.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more) comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found either its cause must be found and corrected or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
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1.1 This specification covers polyolefin monofilament yarn materials, and test methods for standard polyolefin monofilaments. While designed primarily for testing standard polyolefin monofilaments, many of the procedures can be used, with little or no modification, for other polyolefin monofilaments. However, testing on non-standard polyolefin monofilaments should be conducted with caution. See 3.1 for a definition of standard polyolefin monofilament.  
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1.3 The specification for polyolefin raw materials appears in Section 4.  
1.4 The test methods for individual properties appear in the following sections:    
Property  
Section  
Breaking Force  
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Breaking Tenacity  
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Elongation  
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Gloss  
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Hot Water Shrinkage  
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Initial Modulus  
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Polyolefin-Material Cleanliness  
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Resistance to Ultraviolet Radiation  
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Stability to Thermal Oxidation  
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Tensile Properties  
10    
Thickness  
12    
Width  
11    
Yarn Number  
9
Note 1: In most instances, the suitability of these procedures for polymeric yarns in general, and polyolefin monofilaments in particular, is already accepted in commercial transactions (see 6.1).  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard; the values in English units are provided as information only and are not exact equivalents.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification: This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Length and Length Distribution of Manufactured Staple Fibers (Single-Fiber Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used for research, development, quality control, product specifications, and may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textile fibers. However, caution is advised since information on between-laboratory precision is lacking. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of average staple length and staple length distribution of both manufactured and natural fibers by manually measuring single fiber lengths. This test method is also used to measure the length of fibers removed from a staple yarn, but such a measurement may not represent the fiber's staple length, as manufactured.  
1.2 Because this test method requires measuring the length of only 50 fibers, it is not suitable for use in determining the number of long fibers that occur infrequently in a sample.  
Note 1: For determination for overlength fibers, refer to Test Method D3513.
Note 2: For methods covering the determination of the average length and length distribution of natural fibers, refer to the following methods: for cotton, Test Method D1440, and Test Method D1447, for wool, Test Method D519, Test Method D1234, and Test Method D1575.  
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5.1 This test method for the determination of crimp frequency of manufactured staple fibers may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments but caution is advised since between-laboratory precision is known to be poor. Comparative tests conducted as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.  
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ASTM D3333-07(2018)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers, Sliver, or Tow for Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assigning a value to any property of the material in a container or in a lot, consignment, or delivery involves a measurement process that includes both sampling and testing procedures. The correctness of the value assigned depends upon the variability due to testing. Even when the variability due to testing is minimized by carefully developed procedures, correct and consistent estimates of the true value of the property are possible only when the sampling procedure avoids systematic bias, minimizes variations due to sampling, and provides a laboratory sample of adequate size.  
5.2 This practice may not give the most efficient sampling plan that might be devised in special situations but it does present a general procedure that gives satisfactory precision with an economical amount of sampling and one which does not require elaborate statistical computation based on previous knowledge of the amount of variation between lot samples, between laboratory samples, and between test specimens.  
5.3 The smallest number of specimens required for a given variability in the average result will usually be obtained by (1) minimizing the number of shipping units in the lot sample, (2) taking one of the shipping units in the laboratory sample, and (3) taking the prescribed specimen(s) from the selected laboratory sample shipping unit. (See 7.3 and 7.4.)  
5.4 To minimize the cost of sampling a lot of material, it is necessary to agree on the required variance for the reported average for a lot of material:  
5.4.1 Estimate the variance due to lot samples, the variance due to laboratory samples, and the variance due to test specimens.  
5.4.2 Calculate the total variance for the average test results for several combinations of the number of lot samples, the number of laboratory samples per lot sample, and the number of test specimens per laboratory sample.  
5.4.3 Calculate the cost of performing each of the sampling schemes considered in 5.4.2.  
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1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the division of shipments of manufactured staple fiber, sliver (or top) or tow into lots and the sampling of such lots for testing.  
Note 1: For sampling yarns, refer to Practice D2258.
Note 2: This practice differs from BISFA2 rules for staple fibers in the lot sampling, by the elimination of separate sampling of outer versus inner container areas, in the reduction of number of strata from 6 to 5, and by the elimination of compositing to obtain a single laboratory sample for the lot when testing properties which do not depend on as-received moisture content.  
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ASTM D3513-02(2018)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Overlength Fiber Content of Manufactured Staple Fiber

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The existence of overlength fiber in manufactured staple can cause serious problems in the spinning of these fibers into yarn. Overlength fibers may create problems in carding, but more especially high-strength multiple cut fibers may cause cockling in spinning.  
5.2 Since the overlength fibers are caused by dull or damaged cutting knives or by uneven flow of tow to the staple cutter, their existence within the fiber population is not uniform and their occurrence in the population follows a highly skewed distribution.  
5.3 Manual methods of determining overlength fiber require much more operator time, and the standard deviations of the test between laboratories and operators are high. Use of the Fibrosampler method greatly reduces both operator time and standard deviation of testing.  
5.4 In manufacturing it is important to know if fibers are overlength due to looping of the tow or multiple length due to damaged cutters.  
5.5 This method for testing staple fiber for overlength fiber is not recommended for acceptance testing (see 13.1).  
5.5.1 In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method, even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments. If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percent by number of overlength or multiple length fibers in a sample of manufactured cut staple. The method is applicable to fiber taken immediately after manufacturing, from the bale, or from partially processed stock.  
Note 1: For measurement of length and length distribution of manufactured staple fibers, refer to Test Method D5103.  
1.2 This test method covers procedures using the Fibrosampler Model 335A (inch-pound units), the Fibrosampler Model 335B (SI units), and Fibrosampler combs Model 336.  
1.2.1 The Fibrosampler Model 335A is equipped with a sample plate that has 15.8-mm (5/8-in.) diameter sample holes and is recommended for use on blended staple taken from the fiber blender or from a carding machine.  
1.2.2 The Fibrosampler Model 335B is equipped with a sample plate that has 10-mm (0.4-in.) diameter sample holes and is recommended for use on unblended staple as may be taken from the fiber cutter or from a bale of staple fiber.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each unit are not exact equivalents; therefore, each unit must be used independently of the other.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D7138-16(Test Method)
Standard Test Method to Determine Melting Temperature of Synthetic Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Either of these two test methods is used to determine the temperature at which a synthetic fiber specimen changes from a solid to a liquid-like state.  
5.1.1 Synthetic fibers may be either amorphous or semi-crystalline thermoplastics or thermosets. Synthetic fibers may change from the solid to a liquid-like state on heating because of the glass transition of amorphous polymers, the melting of crystalline regions of semi-crystalline polymers, or at the onset of degradation. Thermoplastic fibers consist of crystalline and amorphous regions and may be manufactured with a range of molecular weights. The amorphous and crystalline fiber structure and variable molecular weight can lead to a melting temperature range instead of a discreet melting point (see Table X1.1).  
5.2 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments.  
5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two or more laboratories, perform comparative testing to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Compare the test results from the laboratories involved using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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1.1 Either of two test methods are used to determine the melting temperature of thermoplastic fibers, yarns, or threads.  
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1.2.2 Method 2, a visual determination of melting, determines any change that visually appears as a transition from a solid to a liquid state.  
1.2.3 Due to the differences in what each test method measures, the results from Method 1 and Method 2 cannot be compared.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or other units are to be regarded separately. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently without combining values.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM D3217/D3217M-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Breaking Tenacity of Manufactured Textile Fibers in Loop or Knot Configurations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Both the loop breaking tenacity and the knot breaking tenacity, calculated from the breaking force measured under the conditions specified herein and the linear density of the fiber, are fundamental properties that are used to establish limitations on fiber-processing and upon their end-use applications. Physical properties, such as brittleness, not well defined by tests for breaking force and elongation can be estimated from the ratio of breaking tenacity measured in loop or knot tests, or both, and the normal tenacity as measured by Test Method D3822 provided both methods use the same gauge length and strain rate.  
5.2 This test method is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments in the absence of reliable information on between-laboratory precision (see Note 3). In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method, even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments. In such a case, if there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with each comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the breaking tenacity of manufactured textile fibers taken from filament yarns, staple, or tow fiber, either crimped or uncrimped, and tested in either a double loop or as a strand formed into a single overhand knot.  
1.2 Methods for measuring the breaking tenacity of conditioned and wet (immersed) fibers in loop and knot form are included.  
1.3 Elongation in loop or knot tests has no known significance, and is usually not recorded.  
1.4 The basic distinction between the procedures described in these test methods and those included in Test Methods D2101 is the configuration of the specimen, that is, either as a double loop or in the configuration of a single overhand knot.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2058-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Material Flammability Using a Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are an integral part of existing test standards for cable fire propagation and clean room material flammability, as well as, in an approval standard for conveyor belting (1-3).3 Refs (1-3) use these test methods because fire-test-response results obtained from the test methods correlate with fire behavior during real-scale fire propagation tests, as discussed in X1.4.  
5.2 The Ignition, Combustion, or Fire Propagation test method, or a combination thereof, have been performed with materials and products containing a wide range of polymer compositions and structures, as described in X1.7.  
5.3 The Fire Propagation test method is different from the test methods in the ASTM standards listed in 2.1 by virtue of producing laboratory measurements of the chemical heat release rate during upward fire propagation and burning on a vertical test specimen in normal air, oxygen-enriched air, or in oxygen-vitiated air. Test methods from other standards, for example, Test Method E1321, which yields measurements during lateral/horizontal or downward flame spread on materials and Test Methods E906, E1354, and E1623, which yield measurements of the rate of heat release from materials fully involved in flaming combustion, generally use an external radiant flux, rather than the flames from the burning material itself, to characterize fire behavior.  
5.4 These test methods are not intended to be routine quality control tests. They are intended for evaluation of specific flammability characteristics of materials. Materials to be analyzed consist of specimens from an end-use product or the various components used in the end-use product. Results from the laboratory procedures provide input to fire propagation and fire growth models, risk analysis studies, building and product designs, and materials research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard determines and quantifies material flammability characteristics, related to the propensity of materials to support fire propagation, by means of a fire propagation apparatus (FPA). Material flammability characteristics that are quantified include time to ignition (tign), chemical ( Q˙chem), and convective ( Q˙c) heat release rates, mass loss rate ( m˙) and effective heat of combustion (EHC).  
1.2 The following test methods, capable of being performed separately and independently, are included herein:  
1.2.1 Ignition Test, to determine tign  for a horizontal specimen;  
1.2.2 Combustion Test, to determine  Q˙chem,  Q˙c,  m˙, and EHC from burning of a horizontal specimen; and,  
1.2.3 Fire Propagation Test, to determine  Q˙chem  from burning of a vertical specimen.  
1.3 Distinguishing features of the FPA include tungsten-quartz external, isolated heaters to provide a radiant flux of up to 110 kW/m2 to the test specimen, which remains constant whether the surface regresses or expands; provision for combustion or upward fire propagation in prescribed flows of normal air, air enriched with up to 40 % oxygen, air oxygen vitiated, pure nitrogen or mixtures of gaseous suppression agents with the preceding air mixtures; and, the capability of measuring heat release rates and exhaust product flows generated during upward fire propagation on a vertical test specimen 0.305 m high.  
1.4 The FPA is used to evaluate the flammability of materials and products. It is also designed to obtain the transient response of such materials and products to prescribed heat fluxes in specified inert or oxidizing environments and to obtain laboratory measurements of generation rates of fire products (CO2, CO, and, if desired, gaseous hydrocarbons) for use in fire safety engineering.  
1.5 Ignition of the specimen is by means of a pilot flame at a prescribed location with respect to the specimen surface.  
1.6 The Fire Propagation test of vertical specimens is not suitable for materials that, on heating, melt sufficiently to form a liquid pool...

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ASTM
ASTM D3218-07(2018)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Polyolefin Monofilaments

ABSTRACT
This specification covers polyolefin monofilament yarn materials, and test methods for standard polyolefin monofilaments. The direct yarn number in tex or in denier, tensile properties in terms of breaking force, breaking tenacity, elongation at break and initial modulus shall be determined from a sample material. The width, thickness, gloss, hot water shrinkage, resistance to ultraviolet radiation, stability to thermal oxidation and cleanliness of the material shall also be analyzed.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 Acceptance Testing—The test methods in Specification D3218 for the determination of the properties of polyolefin monofilaments are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of polyolefin monofilaments, unless specified in the individual test method. These test methods are the best available and are used extensively in the trade.  
6.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more) comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found either its cause must be found and corrected or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers polyolefin monofilament yarn materials, and test methods for standard polyolefin monofilaments. While designed primarily for testing standard polyolefin monofilaments, many of the procedures can be used, with little or no modification, for other polyolefin monofilaments. However, testing on non-standard polyolefin monofilaments should be conducted with caution. See 3.1 for a definition of standard polyolefin monofilament.  
1.2 Only on condition that interlaboratory precision data are available for the specific procedure is any test method described, or referenced in this specification, recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of polyolefin monofilaments.  
1.3 The specification for polyolefin raw materials appears in Section 4.  
1.4 The test methods for individual properties appear in the following sections:    
Property  
Section  
Breaking Force  
10    
Breaking Tenacity  
10    
Elongation  
10    
Gloss  
13    
Hot Water Shrinkage  
14    
Initial Modulus  
10    
Polyolefin-Material Cleanliness  
17    
Resistance to Ultraviolet Radiation  
15    
Stability to Thermal Oxidation  
16    
Tensile Properties  
10    
Thickness  
12    
Width  
11    
Yarn Number  
9
Note 1: In most instances, the suitability of these procedures for polymeric yarns in general, and polyolefin monofilaments in particular, is already accepted in commercial transactions (see 6.1).  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard; the values in English units are provided as information only and are not exact equivalents.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification: This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on ...

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