ASTM D5993-18

Standard Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of Geosynthetic Clay Liners

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine if the GCL material meets specifications for mass per unit area at approximately 0 % moisture content, by oven drying. It can be used as an index test for quality control or quality assurance to determine specimen conformance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the mass per unit area of a sample of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL). The test method is also applicable to a multicomponent GCL. The dry mass of the clay can be found by simply subtracting the manufacturer's reported nominal mass of the geosynthetic component(s) from the total mass of the dry GCL. The moisture content of the GCL can also be determined by subtracting the initial total mass of the GCL from the total mass of the dry GCL.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 8 for specific precautionary statements.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2018
• ICS: 91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.04 - Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5993 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring Mass per Unit Area of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5993; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
Construction Materials Testing
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of
E145Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
the mass per unit area of a sample of a geosynthetic clay liner
Ventilation Ovens
(GCL).Thetestmethodisalsoapplicabletoamulticomponent
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
GCL. The dry mass of the clay can be found by simply
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
subtracting the manufacturer’s reported nominal mass of the
geosyntheticcomponent(s)fromthetotalmassofthedryGCL.
3. Terminology
The moisture content of the GCL can also be determined by
3.1 Definitions:
subtractingtheinitialtotalmassoftheGCLfromthetotalmass
3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
of the dry GCL.
polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
technical engineering-related material as an integral part of a
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
manmade project, structure, or system. D4439
standard.
3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner, n—a manufactured hydraulic
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
barrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer or layers of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
geosynthetic material(s).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3 moisture content, n—that part of the mass of a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
geosynthetic clay liner that is absorbed water, compared to the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mass of dry clay.
See Section 8 for specific precautionary statements.
3.1.4 multicomponent GCL, n—GCL with an attached film,
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
coating, or membrane decreasing the hydraulic conductivity or
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
protecting the clay core, or both.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.5 oven-dried, adj—the condition of a material that has
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
been heated under prescribed conditions of temperature and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
humidityuntilthereisnofurthersignificantchangeinitsmass.
D123
2. Referenced Documents
2 4. Summary of Test Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
4.1 The mass per unit area is determined by weighing
D4439Terminology for Geosynthetics (oven-dried) specimens of known initial size after drying in an
D4643Test Method for Determination of Water Content of ovenoverasufficienttimeperiodtoremovethemoisturefrom
Soil and Rock by Microwave Oven Heating the GCL.
D4753Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
4.2 The mass per unit area of the clay component of the
GCL can be estimated by subtracting the manufacturer’s
reported nominal mass per unit area of the synthetic compo-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
nent(s)and,ifadded,anyadditionalcomponents(forexample,
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
sand, bituminous layer, etc.) from the total GCLmass per unit
thetic Clay Liners.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally area.
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5993–14. DOI:
NOTE 1—The supplier of the geosynthetic clay liner must be able to
10.1520/D5993-18.
2
verify that the actual mass/unit area of the synthetic component(s) is
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
within 610% of the reported nominal value.Amore accurate estimation
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on of the actual dry clay mass per unit area could be obtained by using the
the ASTM website. actual average value for the synthetic component(s) (as obtained from the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D5993 − 18
manufacturer for the actual lots used to make the GCL) rather than t
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5993 − 14 D5993 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Mass Perper Unit Area of Geosynthetic Clay
1
Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5993; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the mass per unit area of a sample of a geosynthetic clay liner
(GCL). The test method is also applicable to a multicomponent GCL. The dry mass of the clay can be found by simply subtracting
the manufacturer’s reported nominal mass of the geosynthetic component(s) from the total mass of the dry GCL. The moisture
content of the GCL can also be determined by subtracting the initial total mass of the GCL from the total mass of the dry GCL.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 8 for specific precautionary statements.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4643 Test Method for Determination of Water Content of Soil and Rock by Microwave Oven Heating
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnical
engineering related engineering-related material as an integral part of a man-mademanmade project, structure, or system. D4439
3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner, n—a manufactured hydraulic barrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer or layers of geosynthetic
material(s).
3.1.3 moisture content, n—that part of the mass of a geosynthetic clay liner that is absorbed water, compared to the mass of dry
clay.
3.1.4 multicomponent GCL, n—GCL with an attached film, coating, or membrane decreasing the hydraulic conductivity or
protecting the clay core, or both.
3.1.5 oven-dried, adj—the condition of a material that has been heated under prescribed conditions of temperature and humidity
until there is no further significant change in its mass. D123
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay
Liners.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2014June 1, 2018. Published August 2014June 2018. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
D5993 – 99D5993 – 14.(2009). DOI: 10.1520/D5993-14.10.1520/D5993-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5993 − 18
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The mass per unit area is determined by weighing (oven-dried) specimens of known initial size after drying in an oven over
a sufficient time period to remove the moisture from the GCL.
4.2 The mass per unit area of the clay component of the GCL can be estimated by subtracting the manufacturer’s reported
nominal mass per unit area of the synthetic component(s) and, if added, any additional components (for example, sand, bituminous
layer, etc.) from the total
...