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ASTM D8021-23

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Blast Furnace and Steel Furnace Slag as Produced During the Manufacture of Iron and Steel

Standard Guide for Blast Furnace and Steel Furnace Slag as Produced During the Manufacture of Iron and Steel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag is produced during a variety of processes in the manufacture of iron and steel.  
4.2 Slag can be considered a product based on the mineralogy of samples that are tested using X-ray diffraction, phase recognition and characterization, powdered XRD-Rietveld analysis, and SEM-PARC results, using this guide.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is intended to provide guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag, produced during the manufacture of iron and steel, is designated as a product. The included information covers the mineral properties of blast furnace slag and steel slag when they are manufactured in conjunction with the production of iron or steel, or both (Note 1).  
Note 1: This guide is not intended to be used to determine the applicability of iron or steel slag, or both, for various applications. Terminology D8 designates steel slag as a product, while Terminology C125 designates blast furnace slag as a product. Its sole intent is to provide guidance as to the typical mineralogy when the iron or steel slag, or both, is designated as a product.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units are utilized in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) should not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2023
ICS
91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.99 - Sustainable Asphalt Pavement Materials and Construction
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D8021-20 - Standard Guide for Blast Furnace and Steel Furnace Slag as Produced During the Manufacture of Iron and Steel
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM D8418-21 - Standard Guide for Material and Construction Standards Related to Sustainability Within Committee D04
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023

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ASTM D8021-23 - Standard Guide for Blast Furnace and Steel Furnace Slag as Produced During the Manufacture of Iron and SteelASTM D8021-23 - Standard Guide for Blast Furnace and Steel Furnace Slag as Produced During the Manufacture of Iron and Steel
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REDLINE ASTM D8021-23 - Standard Guide for Blast Furnace and Steel Furnace Slag as Produced During the Manufacture of Iron and SteelREDLINE ASTM D8021-23 - Standard Guide for Blast Furnace and Steel Furnace Slag as Produced During the Manufacture of Iron and Steel
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8021 − 23
Standard Guide for
Blast Furnace and Steel Furnace Slag as Produced During
1
the Manufacture of Iron and Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8021; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This standard is intended to provide guidance as to the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
slag, produced during the manufacture of iron and steel, is gregates
designated as a product. The included information covers the C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
mineral properties of blast furnace slag and steel slag when C702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate
they are manufactured in conjunction with the production of to Testing Size
iron or steel, or both (Note 1). C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in
Concrete and Mortars
NOTE 1—This guide is not intended to be used to determine the
C1252 Test Methods for Uncompacted Void Content of Fine
applicability of iron or steel slag, or both, for various applications.
Aggregate (as Influenced by Particle Shape, Surface
Terminology D8 designates steel slag as a product, while Terminology
C125 designates blast furnace slag as a product. Its sole intent is to
Texture, and Grading)
provide guidance as to the typical mineralogy when the iron or steel slag,
D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-
or both, is designated as a product.
ments
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
standard. No other units are utilized in this standard.
3. Terminology
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
3.1 Definitions—For the definitions of terms used in this
that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
standard, refer to Terminology D8.
(excluding those in tables and figures) should not be considered
as requirements of the specification.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.2.1 blast furnace slag, n—see Terminology C125.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Slag, ferrous metal, blast furnace
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- (granulated, GBS or air-cooled, ABFS or ABF)—Blast furnace
slag is formed in a continuous process by the fusion of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. limestone (or dolomite, or a combination thereof) and other
fluxes with the residues from the carbon source and the
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- non-metallic components of the iron-bearing materials (for
example, iron ore, iron sinter). Blast furnace slag is generated
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- at temperatures above 1500 °C. Dependent on the manner of
cooling of the liquid slag, it can be distinguished between
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. crystalline, air-cooled blast furnace slag and glassy, granulated
blast furnace slag. Various cooling processes are defined in
Terminology C125.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.99 on
2
Sustainable Asphalt Pavement Materials and Construction. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2020. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D8021 – 20. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D8021-23. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8021 − 23
3.2.2 slag, steelmaking, n—steelmaking slags (SMS) are recognition and characterization, powdered XRD-Rietveld
generated as products during the refining/modification of steel analysis, and SEM-PARC res
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8021 − 20 D8021 − 23
Standard Guide for
Blast Furnace and Steel Furnace Slag as Produced During
1
the Manufacture of Iron and Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8021; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard is intended to provide guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag,
produced during the manufacture of iron and steel, is designated as a product. The included information covers the mineral
properties of blast furnace slag and steel slag when they are manufactured in conjunction with the production of iron or steel, or
both (Note 1).
NOTE 1—This guide is not intended to be used to determine the applicability of iron or steel slag, or both, for various applications. Terminology D8
designates steel slag as a product, while Terminology C125 designates blast furnace slag as a product. Its sole intent is to provide guidance as to the typical
mineralogy when the iron or steel slag, or both, is designated as a product.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units are utilized in this standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) should not be considered as requirements of the specification.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C1252 Test Methods for Uncompacted Void Content of Fine Aggregate (as Influenced by Particle Shape, Surface Texture, and
Grading)
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.99 on Sustainable
Asphalt Pavement Materials and Construction.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2020December 2023. Originally approved in 2020. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as
D8021 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/D8021-20.10.1520/D8021-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8021 − 23
D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For the definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D8.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 blast furnace slag, n—see Terminology C125.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
Slag, ferrous metal, blast furnace (granulated, GBS or air-cooled, ABFS or ABF)—Blast furnace slag is formed in a continuous
process by the fusion of limestone (or dolomite, or a combination thereof) and other fluxes with the residues from the carbon source
and the non-metallic components of the iron-bearing materials (for example, iron ore, iron sinter). Blast furnace slag is generated
at temperatures above 1500 °C. Dependent on the manner of cooling of the liquid slag, it can be distinguished between crystalline,
air-cooled blast furnace slag and glassy, granulated blast furnace slag. Various cooling processes are defined in Terminology C125.
3.2.2 slag, steelmaking, n—steelmakin
...

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ASTM C1252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Uncompacted Void Content of Fine Aggregate (as Influenced by Particle Shape, Surface Texture, and Grading)

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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the loose, uncompacted void content of a sample of fine aggregate. When measured on any aggregate of a known grading, void content provides an indication of that aggregate's angularity, sphericity, and surface texture compared with other fine aggregates tested in the same grading. When void content is measured on an as-received fine-aggregate grading, it can be an indicator of the effect of the fine aggregate on the workability of a mixture in which it may be used.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers crushed steel slag coarse and fine aggregates suitable for use in bituminous paving mixtures. The coarse and fine aggregates shall consist of hard, tough, durable pieces of steel slag, and shall be processed, as necessary, by crushing or screening, or both, and magnetic separation for the removal of metallics. At the time of delivery, the aggregates shall not contain injurious amounts of foreign materials such as clay, loam, wood, tramp metal, unhydrated lime, or other deleterious materials. The physical requirements for which the aggregates shall be tested on and consequently conform to are grading and fineness modulus, polishing characteristics, soundness, degradation, expansion, friable particles, stripping, adherent coatings, crushed count, plasticity index, leaching; and environmental stability.
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ASTM D7370/D7370M-14(2021)(Test Method)
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Standard Guide for Blast Furnace and Steel Furnace Slag as Produced During the Manufacture of Iron and Steel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag is produced during a variety of processes in the manufacture of iron and steel.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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1.1 This test method covers a procedure for testing coarse aggregate for resistance to abrasion using the Micro-Deval apparatus.  
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ASTM D5106-15(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Slag Aggregates for Bituminous Paving Mixtures

ABSTRACT
This specification covers crushed steel slag coarse and fine aggregates suitable for use in bituminous paving mixtures. The coarse and fine aggregates shall consist of hard, tough, durable pieces of steel slag, and shall be processed, as necessary, by crushing or screening, or both, and magnetic separation for the removal of metallics. At the time of delivery, the aggregates shall not contain injurious amounts of foreign materials such as clay, loam, wood, tramp metal, unhydrated lime, or other deleterious materials. The physical requirements for which the aggregates shall be tested on and consequently conform to are grading and fineness modulus, polishing characteristics, soundness, degradation, expansion, friable particles, stripping, adherent coatings, crushed count, plasticity index, leaching; and environmental stability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers crushed steel slag coarse and fine aggregates suitable for use in bituminous paving mixtures.  
1.2 Steel slag coarse and fine aggregates are currently being used entirely (Note 1) or combined with other mineral aggregates, such as those covered in Specification D692 or D1073, to produce paving mixtures similar to those described in Specification D3515 or D4215.
Note 1: When 100 % of the coarse aggregate in a bituminous mixture is steel slag, the amount of steel slag fines in that mixture may be limited to prevent bulking.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 2: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

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ASTM
ASTM D7370/D7370M-14(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Density and Absorption of Fine, Coarse and Blended Aggregate Using Combined Vacuum Saturation and Rapid Submersion

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Relative density (specific gravity) is the characteristic generally used for calculation of the volume occupied by the aggregate in various mixtures containing aggregate, including Portland cement concrete, bituminous concrete, and other mixtures that are proportioned or analyzed on an absolute volume basis. Relative density (specific gravity) is also used in the computation of voids in aggregate in Test Method C29/C29M. Relative density (specific gravity) saturated surface dry (SSD) is used if the aggregate is at SSD, that is, if its absorption has been satisfied. Conversely, the relative density (specific gravity) oven-dry (OD) is used for computations when the aggregate is dry or assumed to be dry.  
4.2 Apparent density and apparent relative density (apparent specific gravity) pertain to the solid material making up the constituent particles not including the pore space within the particles which is accessible to water.  
4.3 Absorption values are used to calculate the change in the mass of an aggregate due to water absorbed in the pore spaces within the constituent particles, when it is deemed that the aggregate has been in contact with water long enough to satisfy the absorption potential. The laboratory standard for absorption is that obtained after submerging dry aggregate for a prescribed period of time.
Note 1: There are other test methods that have been used and continue to be used to determine these aggregate properties: C127 and C128. This test method may result in values for these properties that are close to or divergent from values from other test methods.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and the maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautione...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of relative density and absorption of fine aggregates by Method A and coarse and blended aggregates by Method B.  
1.2 A multi-laboratory precision and bias statement for coarse and combined aggregate tests in this standard has not been developed at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of coarse and combined aggregate materials for purchasing purposes.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM
ASTM D5106-13(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Slag Aggregates for Bituminous Paving Mixtures

ABSTRACT
This specification covers crushed steel slag coarse and fine aggregates suitable for use in bituminous paving mixtures. The coarse and fine aggregates shall consist of hard, tough, durable pieces of steel slag, and shall be processed, as necessary, by crushing or screening, or both, and magnetic separation for the removal of metallics. At the time of delivery, the aggregates shall not contain injurious amounts of foreign materials such as clay, loam, wood, tramp metal, unhydrated lime, or other deleterious materials. The physical requirements for which the aggregates shall be tested on and consequently conform to are grading and fineness modulus, polishing characteristics, soundness, degradation, expansion, friable particles, stripping, adherent coatings, crushed count, plasticity index, leaching; and environmental stability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers crushed steel slag coarse and fine aggregates suitable for use in bituminous paving mixtures.  
1.2 Steel slag coarse and fine aggregates are currently being used entirely (Note 1) or combined with other mineral aggregates, such as those covered in Specification D692 or D1073, to produce paving mixtures similar to those described in Specification D3515 or D4215.Note 1—When 100 % of the coarse aggregate in a bituminous mixture is steel slag, the amount of steel slag fines in that mixture may be limited to prevent bulking.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.Note 2—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

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ASTM
ASTM D6928-10(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Resistance of Coarse Aggregate to Degradation by Abrasion in the Micro-Deval Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The Micro-Deval abrasion test is a test of coarse aggregate to determine abrasion loss in the presence of water and an abrasive charge. Many aggregates are more susceptible to abrasion when wet than dry, and the use of water in this test incorporates this reduction in resistance to degradation in contrast to some other tests, which are conducted on dry aggregate. The test results are helpful in evaluating the toughness/abrasion resistance of coarse aggregate subject to abrasion when adequate information is not available from service records.
The Micro-Deval abrasion test is useful for detecting changes in properties of aggregate produced from an aggregate source as part of a quality control or quality assurance process.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for testing coarse aggregate for resistance to abrasion using the Micro-Deval apparatus.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 The text of this method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the test method.
1.4 This procedure may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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