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ASTM C688-00(2005)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements

Standard Specification for Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements

ABSTRACT
This specification covers methods to investigate the effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties of hydraulic cements when the material is interground with the clinker during manufacture of the cement. Cement, mortar, and concrete shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of autoclave expansion, drying shrinkage, normal consistency, standard consistency, setting time, compressive strength, false set, water content, flexural strength, bond to steel, volume change, resistance to freezing and thawing, and bleeding. Accelerating addition, retarding addition, set-control addition, water-reducing addition, water-reducing and accelerating addition are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers methods to investigate the effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties of hydraulic cements when the material is interground with the clinker during manufacture of the cement.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 The effect of additions in cement may markedly change properties other than those they are intended to modify. This specification is designed to test for such changes. Table 1 sets forth values for those properties of cement pastes and mortars that would permit a judgment of the changes effected by an addition. Likewise, Table 2 sets forth similar criteria for concrete. Certain additions may be found effective for more than one purpose as indicated in 3.1.4 and 3.1.5.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2005
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C01 - Cement
Drafting Committee
C01.20 - Additions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C688-00 - Standard Specification for Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Replaced By
ASTM C688-08 - Standard Specification for Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements
Effective Date
01-Dec-2008
Referred By
ASTM C595/C595M-23 - Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM C10/C10M-19 - Standard Specification for Natural Cement
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM C845/C845M-18 - Standard Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005

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ASTM C688-00(2005) - Standard Specification for Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic CementsASTM C688-00(2005) - Standard Specification for Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements
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ASTM C688-00(2005) - Standard Specification for Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 688 – 00 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Specification for
1
Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 688; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
C 226 Specification forAir-EntrainingAdditions for Use in
1.1 This specification covers methods to investigate the
the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement
effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties
C 232 Test Method for Bleeding of Concrete
of hydraulic cements when the material is interground with the
C 234 Test Method for Comparing Concretes on the Basis
clinker during manufacture of the cement.
3
of the Bond Developed with Reinforcing Steel
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
C 266 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic-
standard.
Cement Paste by Gillmore Needles
1.3 The effect of additions in cement may markedly change
C 403/C 403M TestMethodforTimeofSettingofConcrete
properties other than those they are intended to modify. This
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
specification is designed to test for such changes. Table 1 sets
C 451 Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Ce-
forth values for those properties of cement pastes and mortars
ment (Paste Method)
that would permit a judgment of the changes effected by an
C 465 Specification for ProcessingAdditions for Use in the
addition. Likewise, Table 2 sets forth similar criteria for
Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements
concrete. Certain additions may be found effective for more
C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
than one purpose as indicated in 3.1.4 and 3.1.5.
C 596 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Con-
2. Referenced Documents
taining Hydraulic Cement
2
C 666 Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Freezing and Thawing
C 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-
C 845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement
lindrical Concrete Specimens
C 1157M Performance Specification for Blended Hydraulic
C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using
Cement
Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
3. Terminology
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
3.1 Definitions:
Specimens)
3.1.1 accelerating addition—a functional addition that ac-
C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Ce-
celerates the setting or early strength, or both, of concrete and
ment Concrete
mortar.
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
3.1.2 retarding addition—a functional addition that retards
C 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic
the setting of concrete and mortar.
Cement
3.1.3 set-control addition—a functional addition composed
C 157/C 157M Test Method for Length Change of Hard-
essentially of calcium sulfate in any hydration state from
ened Hydraulic Cement, Mortar, and Concrete
CaSO to CaSO ·2H O.
4 4 2
C 187 Test Method for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic
3.1.4 water-reducing addition—a functional addition used
Cement
to reduce the quantity of mixing water required to produce
concrete and mortar of a given consistency.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on
3.1.5 water-reducing and accelerating addition—a func-
Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions.
tional addition that reduces the quantity of mixing water
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally
required to produce concrete of a given consistency and that
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C 688 – 00.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3
the ASTM website. Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C 688 – 00 (2005)
TABLE 1 Criteria for Evaluating Neat Cement and Mortar Containing Functional Cement Additions
Type of Addition
Tests
Water-Reducing Water-Reducing and
Water Reducing Retarding Accelerating Set-Control
and Retarding Accelerating
Normal consistency, deviation from control, −1.0 min +1.0 max +1.0 max −1.0 min −1.0 mm 61.0 max
A
percentage points
Standard consistency (flow) deviation from −4.0 min +2.0 max +2.0 max −4.0 min −4.0 min 62.0 max
A
control, percentage points
Se
...

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4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
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1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
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These test methods cover the chemical analyses of hydraulic cements. Specific chemical test methods are grouped as reference test methods and alternative test methods. The reference test methods are long accepted classical chemical test methods which provide a reasonably well-integrated basic scheme of analysis for hydraulic cements and are also required for referee analysis in those cases where conformance to chemical specification requirements are questioned. Apparatus and materials for the test method include balance, weights, glassware and laboratory containers, desiccators, filter paper, crucibles, and muffle furnace. Standard reagents for the test method shall be used within the limits of the specification. These reagents shall include purity agents, water, repackaged reagents, concentrated acids and ammonium hydroxide, nonstandardized solutions, and indicator solutions. Sample preparation and general test procedures shall be followed according to the specification. General procedures include sample weighing, taring of crucibles, weighing of ignited residues, volatilization of platinum, chemical analyses, and calculation. Reporting of analyses shall be of the following order: major components, minor components, and separate determinations. Reference test methods and procedures include determination of insoluble residue, silicon dioxide, ammonium hydroxide group, ferric oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur, loss on ignition, sodium and potassium oxides, manganic oxide, chloride, chloroform-soluble organic substances. Alternative test methods and procedures include determination of calcium oxide, calcium dioxide, magnesium oxide, loss on ignition, titanium dioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, manganic oxide, and free calcium oxide. The standardization used for qualification and for analysis of each constituent shall be determined by valid curve-fitting procedures.
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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analyses of hydraulic cements. Any test methods of demonstrated acceptable precision and bias may be used for analysis of hydraulic cements, including analyses for referee and certification purposes, as explained in Section 4. Specific chemical test methods are provided for ease of reference for those desiring to use them. They are grouped as Reference Test Methods and Alternative Test Methods. The reference test methods are long accepted classical chemical test methods which provide a reasonably well-integrated basic scheme of analysis for hydraulic cements. The alternative test methods generally provide individual determination of specific analytes and may be used alone or as alternates and determinations within the basic scheme at the option of the analyst and as indicated in the individual method.  
1.2 Contents:    
Section  
Subject    
2  
Referenced Documents  
4  
Description of Referee Analyses  
4.1  
Referee Analyses  
5  
Qualification for Different Analyses  
5.1  
Certified Reference Materials  
5.2  
Requirements for Qualification Testing  
5.3  
Alternative Analyses  
5.4  
Performance Requirements for Rapid Test Methods  
6  
General  
6.1  
Interferences and Limitations  
6.2  
Apparatus and Materials  
6.3  
Reagents  
6.4  
Sample Preparation  
6.5  
General Procedures  
6.6  
Recommended Order for Reporting Analyses    
Reference Test Methods    
7  
Insoluble Residue  
8  
Silicon Dioxide  
8.2  
Cements with Insoluble Residue Less Than 1 %  
8.3  
Cements with Insoluble Residue Greater Than 1 %  
9  
Ammonium Hydroxide Group  
10  
Ferric Oxide  
11  
Phosphorus Pentoxide  
12  
Titanium Dioxide  
13  
Zinc Oxide  
14  
Aluminum Oxide  
15  
Calcium Oxide  
16  
Magnesium Oxide  
17  
Sulfur  
17.1  
Sulfur Trioxide  
17.2  
Sulfide  
18  
Loss On Ignition  
18.1  
Portland Cement  
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Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement

SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers hydraulic cements for both general and special applications. There are no restrictions on the composition of the cement or its constituents (see Note 1).
Note 1: There are two related hydraulic cement standards, Specification C150/C150M for portland cement and Specifications C595/C595M for blended cements, both of which contain prescriptive and performance requirements  
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Standard Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the criteria and tests to be used for determining whether a processing addition meets the requirement. When proposed addition is accepted for general use in Portland cement, tests shall be made on cements prepared from at least five different clinkers. These clinkers shall represent two Type I cements, one Type II cement, and two Type III cements. Processing additions shall be evaluated by comparing cements containing the addition to otherwise identical cements from the same source without the addition, or containing a processing addition. The compressive strength and flexural strength of the concrete made with cement containing the addition shall be compared with strengths obtained with the control cement at similar ages. The properties of the materials shall be determined through the following tests in accordance with the following standard: chemical analysis of the cement, compound composition, fineness of cement, normal consistency, time of setting, autoclave expansion, air content of mortar, compressive strength of mortar, and drying shrinkage of mortar.
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1.1 This specification pertains to the criteria and tests to be used for determining whether a(n) organic or inorganic processing addition, when used in the recommended amount at the option of the cement producer in the manufacture of hydraulic cements, meets the requirements as prescribed by definition in Specifications C150/C150M, C1157/C1157M, C845/C845M, and C595/C595M. The materials listed in the following former ASTM Specifications shall be considered as meeting the organic processing additions requirements of this specification:    
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4.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the amount of water required to prepare hydraulic cement pastes with normal consistency, as required for certain standard tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the normal consistency of hydraulic cement.  
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1.1 This specification covers cements that require controlled exposure to carbon dioxide to achieve strength, referred to as carbonation curing. These cements are for use in concrete that does not contain steel reinforcement. There are no restrictions on the constituents of the cement. The producer is required to demonstrate that carbon dioxide is chemically bound by the cement.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.  
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ASTM C1910/C1910M-23(Test Method)
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4.1 These test methods are used to develop data for comparison with the requirements of Test Methods C1910/C1910M or other specifications for cements that require carbonation curing. These test methods are based on standardized testing in the laboratory and are not intended to simulate job conditions. All tests are performed with mortar and therefore, the results may not provide a direct correlation of how the tested cementitious material will perform in concrete.  
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4.3 Chemically Bound Carbon Dioxide—Determined using mortar cube specimens prepared for determining compressive strength, the test for chemically bound carbon dioxide is used as an estimate of the mass of carbon dioxide bound during the carbonation curing process and is expressed as a percent of the mass of cement in the test mixture. The actual amount of carbon dioxide bound in a manufactured product is affected by the carbonation process and the cement used, and the physical characteristics of the manufactured product.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing cements that require carbonation curing and are intended for use in concrete.  
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Section 8  
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1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard. Some values only have SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in standard.  
1.4 If required results obtained from another standard are not reported in the same system of units as used by this standard, it is permitted to convert those results using the conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide, Annex A in Form and Style for ASTM Standards, www.astm.org/COMMIT/Blue_Book.pdf.  
1.5 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Common cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2  
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ASTM C1600/C1600M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement

ABSTRACT
This specification covers performance requirements for rapid hardening hydraulic cements. There are no restrictions on the compositions of the cement or its constituents. The specification classifies cements by type based on specific requirements for very early compressive strength development. The following are the four types of rapid hardening cement: (1) Type URH, ultra rapid hardening for use where high early strength is desired; (2) Type VRH, very rapid hardening for use where very high early strength is desired; (3) Type MRH, medium rapid hardening for use where mid-range hardening high early strength is desired; and (4) Type GRH, general rapid hardening for use when the higher strength properties of a Type VRH or a Type MRH cement is not required. Cement of the type specified shall conform to all of the applicable standard physical requirements for compressive strength and drying shrinkage. Cement shall be tested using the following methods: autoclave expansion; time of setting; compressive strength; drying shrinkage of mortar; heat of hydration; surface resistance; alkali silica resistivity; and expansion in water.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is for rapid hardening hydraulic cements. This is a specification giving performance requirements. There are no restrictions on the composition of the cement or its constituents.  
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ASTM C183/C183M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The sampling procedures described are intended for use in the procurement of samples of hydraulic cement after it has been manufactured and is ready to be offered for sale. They are not intended as sampling procedures for quality control purposes during manufacturing. The testing procedures outlined cover the amount of testing to be done and provide guidance for reporting on conformance or non-conformance of cements with requirements of purchase specifications.  
4.2 This practice is referenced as the procedure for sampling natural cement (Specification C10/C10M), masonry cement (Specification C91/C91M), portland cement (Specification C150/C150M), blended hydraulic cement (Specification C595/C595M), expansive hydraulic cement (Specification C845/C845M), hydraulic cement based on a performance specification (Specification C1157/C1157M), plastic stucco cement (Specification C1328/C1328M), and mortar cement (Specification C1329/C1329M), and  
4.3 Most building codes and construction specifications require that hydraulic cement to be used in the work meet the applicable requirements of the relevant purchase specifications, such as Specifications C10/C10M, C91/C91M, C150/C150M, C595/C595M, C1157/C1157M, C1328/C1328M, C1329/C1329M, or C845/C845M. If the code or specification requires sampling of the manufactured cement, the provisions given in 4.4 are applicable. Not much cement is sold on the basis of such sampling and testing. A useful discussion of sampling and testing cement is contained in ACI 225.1R.  
4.4 The procedures covered in this practice should be done by or for purchasers of hydraulic cement who are using a code or specification that requires sampling and testing to determine if the samples conform to the relevant acceptance specifications. The testing is done using specified methods to determine whether the samples yield test results that conform to the specification, and the tests serve as a basis for acceptance or rejection of the lot of material ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and for the amount of testing of hydraulic cement after it has been manufactured and is ready to be offered for sale.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units [or inch-pound units] shall be obtained by measurement in SI units [or inch-pound units] or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off