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ASTM D5845-01(2011)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, Methanol, Ethanol and tert-Butanol in Gasoline by Infrared Spectroscopy

Standard Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, Methanol, Ethanol and <span class="italic">tert</span>-Butanol in Gasoline by Infrared Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Alcohols and ethers are added to gasoline to produce a reformulated lower emissions gasoline. Alcohols and ethers may also be added to gasoline to increase the octane number. Type and concentration of various oxygenates are specified and regulated to ensure acceptable commercial gasoline quality. Driveability, vapor pressure, phase separation, and evaporative emissions are some of the concerns associated with oxygenated fuels.
This test method is faster, simpler, less expensive and more portable than current methods.
This test method may be applicable for quality control in the production of gasoline.
This test method is not suitable for testing for compliance with federal regulations.  
False positive readings for some of the samples tested in the round robin were sometimes observed. As only extreme base gasolines were tested in the round robin, no definitive statement can be made as to the expected frequency or magnitude of false positives expected in a wider range of base gasolines.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of methanol, ethanol, tert-butanol, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), and diisopropyl ether (DIPE) in gasoline by infrared spectroscopy. The test method is suitable for determining methanol from 0.1 to 6 mass %, ethanol from 0.1 to 11 mass %, tert-butanol from 0.1 to 14 mass %, and DIPE, MTBE, ETBE and TAME from 0.1 to 20 mass %.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2011
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0F - Absorption Spectroscopic Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D5845-01(2011) - Standard Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, Methanol, Ethanol and <span class="italic">tert</span>-Butanol in Gasoline by Infrared SpectroscopyASTM D5845-01(2011) - Standard Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, Methanol, Ethanol and <span class="italic">tert</span>-Butanol in Gasoline by Infrared Spectroscopy
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ASTM D5845-01(2011) - Standard Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, Methanol, Ethanol and <span class="italic">tert</span>-Butanol in Gasoline by Infrared Spectroscopy
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5845 − 01(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, Methanol,
Ethanol and tert-Butanol in Gasoline by Infrared
1
Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5845; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope hols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
D5599 Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in
1.1 This test method covers the determination of methanol,
Gasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen Selective
ethanol, tert-butanol, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl
Flame Ionization Detection
tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), and
E1655 Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative
diisopropyl ether (DIPE) in gasoline by infrared spectroscopy.
Analysis
The test method is suitable for determining methanol from 0.1
3
to 6 mass %, ethanol from 0.1 to 11 mass %, tert-butanol from 2.2 Other Standard:
0.1 to 14 mass %, and DIPE, MTBE, ETBE and TAME from GC/OFID EPATest Method—Oxygen and Oxygenate Con-
0.1 to 20 mass %. tent Analysis (by way of gas chromatography with
oxygen-selective flame ionization detection)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 multivariate calibration, n—a process for creating a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
calibration model in which multivariate mathematics is applied
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to correlate the absorbances measured for a set of calibration
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
samples to reference component concentrations or property
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
values for the set of samples. The resultant multivariate
2. Referenced Documents
calibration model is applied to the analysis of spectra of
2 unknown samples to provide an estimate of the component
2.1 ASTM Standards:
concentration or property values for the unknown sample.
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
3.1.2 oxygenate, n—an oxygen-containing organic
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method compound,whichmaybeusedasafuelorfuelsupplement,for
example, various alcohols or ethers.
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and 4. Summary of Test Method
Petroleum Products
4.1 A sample of gasoline is introduced into a liquid sample
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
cell. A beam of infrared light is imaged through the sample
Analytical Standards
onto a detector, and the detector response is determined.
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,
Regions of the infrared spectrum are selected for use in the
TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alco-
1 4
analysis by either placing highly selective bandpass filters
before or after the sample or mathematically selecting the
1
regions after the whole spectrum is obtained. A multivariate
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
mathematical analysis is carried out which converts the detec-
D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
tor response for the selected regions in the spectrum of an
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally
unknown to a concentration for each component.
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5845–01(2006).
DOI: 10.1520/D5845-01R11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Code of Federal Regulations, Part 80 of Title 40, Section 80.46(g); also
the ASTM website. published in the Federal Register, Volume 59, No. 32, February 16, 1994, p 7828.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5845 − 01 (2011)
5. Significance and Use 7.1.6 Ethyl tert-butyl ether, ETBE,
7.1.7 tert-Amyl methyl ether, TAME, and
5.1 Alcohols and ethers are added to gasoline to produce a
7.1.8 Diisopropyl ether, DIPE.
reformulated lower emissions gasoline. Alcohols and ethers
...

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
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5.1 The analysis of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel has become routine in certain areas to ensure compliance whenever oxygenated fuels are used. In addition, test methods to measure trace levels of oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition fuel are necessary to assess product quality.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel. The method used is a multidimensional gas chromatographic method using 1,2-dimethoxy ethane as the internal standard. The oxygenates that are analyzed are: methyl-tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl-tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), methanol, tertiary-amyl methyl ether (TAME), n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, and tert-pentanol. Ethanol is usually not measured as a trace oxygenate since ethanol can be used as the main oxygenate compound in finished automotive spark-ignition fuels such as reformulated automotive spark-ignition fuels. The concentration range of the oxygenates covered in the ILS study was from 10 mg/kg to 2000 mg/kg. In addition this method is also suitable for the measurement of the C5 isomeric alcohols (2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol) present from the fermentation of ethanol.  
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5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
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5.4 This guide does not purport to specify an all-inclusive listing of test and analysis requirements to achieve ASTM International approval ...
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1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
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Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
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5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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1.2 Three test methods are included here that account for the special characteristics of different petroleum products and apply to the following distillation ranges:    
Test Method  
Petroleum Products  
Boiling Range, °C (°F)
(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
15–260 (60–500)  
B  
Middle Distillates  
200–370 (400–700)  
Gas Oils  
370–510 (700–950)  
C  
Residua  
510+ (950+ )  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units are mass %.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7.2 and 7.4.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off