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ASTM C946-91(2001)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Construction of Dry-Stacked, Surface-Bonded Walls

Standard Practice for Construction of Dry-Stacked, Surface-Bonded Walls

ABSTRACT
This practice covers material, workmanship, and construction procedures for applying surface bonded mortar to both sides of dry stacked concrete masonry units. Mortar shall be mixed and shall be selected in accordance with the proportion specification prescribed. Shims shall be corrosion-resistant metal or plastic with a required minimum compressive strength. Courses of concrete masonry units between the leveling courses shall be placed without mortar on the bed or head joints. Place units in running bond. Remove burrs and butt blocks tightly. Use shims, mortar, or surface bonding mortar to plum and level individual units when necessary. Use clean mixing equipment and water free of deleterious amounts of acid, alkali, and organic materials. Mix only full bag multiples of material to overcome any segregation of ingredients. Mixing time shall be kept to a minimum, as over mixing may cause damage to the fibers. Before applying surface bonding mortar, wet the wall uniformly with water to prevent excessive suction of water from the surface bonding mortar. Trowel- or spray-apply surface bonding mortar to both sides of dry-stacked concrete masonry units. When a second coat of surface bonding mortar is to be applied, the first coat shall have taken its initial set. Dampen the wall with a water mist after a specified time, but within a day of application of surface bonding mortar. The top of the walls shall be covered with a nonstaining, waterproof covering to prevent moisture from entering the wall until the top is permanently protected.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers material, workmanship, and construction procedures for applying surface bonded mortar to both sides of dry stacked concrete masonry units. It does not include grout, reinforcing, anchorage, or control joints since their use is essentially the same as conventional concrete masonry construction, unless specifically mentioned in this practice.
Note 1—Design and construction procedures for conventional concrete masonry construction have been written by the American Concrete Institute, "Building Code Requirements for Concrete Masonry Structures" and the National Concrete Masonry Associations, "Specification for the Design and Construction of Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry."
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Sep-1991
ICS
91.060.10 - Walls. Partitions. Facades
Technical Committee
C12 - Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry
Drafting Committee
C12.06 - Surface Bonding
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C946-91(1996)e1 - Standard Practice for Construction of Dry-Stacked, Surface-Bonded Walls
Effective Date
15-Sep-1991
Replaced By
ASTM C946-10 - Standard Practice for Construction of Dry-Stacked, Surface-Bonded Walls
Effective Date
01-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM C1180-22 - Standard Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit Masonry
Effective Date
15-Sep-1991

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ASTM C946-91(2001) - Standard Practice for Construction of Dry-Stacked, Surface-Bonded WallsASTM C946-91(2001) - Standard Practice for Construction of Dry-Stacked, Surface-Bonded Walls
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ASTM C946-91(2001) - Standard Practice for Construction of Dry-Stacked, Surface-Bonded Walls
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:C946–91(Reapproved 2001)
Standard Practice for
Construction of Dry-Stacked, Surface-Bonded Walls
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C946; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:
531 Building Code Requirements for Concrete Masonry
1.1 This practice covers material, workmanship, and con-
Structures, Commentary-ACI 531R-79
struction procedures for applying surface bonded mortar to
2.3 International Masonry Industry All-Weather Council
both sides of dry stacked concrete masonry units. It does not
Standards:
include grout, reinforcing, anchorage, or control joints since
Recommended Practices and Guide Specifications for Cold
their use is essentially the same as conventional concrete
Weather Masonry Construction
masonry construction, unless specifically mentioned in this
2.4 National Concrete Masonry Association Standard:
practice.
Specification for the Design and Construction of Load-
NOTE 1—Designandconstructionproceduresforconventionalconcrete 5
Bearing Concrete Masonry
masonry construction have been written by the American Concrete
Institute, “Building Code Requirements for Concrete Masonry Structures”
3. Storage
and the National Concrete Masonry Associations, “Specification for the
3.1 Deliver and store surface bonding mortar in original
Design and Construction of Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry.”
containers off the ground to prevent contact with water. Protect
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
from rain with suitable covering.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided
3.2 Store concrete masonry units off the ground to prevent
for information only.
contamination by mud, dust, and materials likely to cause
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
staining or other defects, and protect from rain.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Materials and Manufacture
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Concrete masonry units shall be clean and dry, meeting
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the requirements of Type I, moisture-controlled units, of the
applicable ASTM specification (Specifications C55, C90,
2. Referenced Documents
C129, and C145). The surface to receive surface bonding
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mortar shall be free of paint, oil, efflorescence, or foreign
C55 Specification for Concrete Building Brick
materials that interfere with bonding.
C90 Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Units
4.2 Mortar shall be mixed in accordance with the proportion
C129 Specification for Nonloadbearing Concrete Masonry
specification of Specification C270 and shall be selected on the
Units
basis of Appendix X1 of Specification C270.
C145 Specification for Solid Load-Bearing Concrete Ma-
4.3 Surface bonding mortar shall meet the requirements of
sonry Units
Specification C887. If the dry mix contains hard lumps, it shall
C270 Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry
not be used.
C887 Specification for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materials
4.4 Shims shall be corrosion-resistant metal or plastic with
for Surface Bonding Mortar
a minimum compressive strength of 2000 psi (13.8 MPa), or
steel protected from corrosion by a coating of zinc at least 0.8
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC12onMortarsand
GroutsforUnitMasonryandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC12.06on
Surface Bonding.
Current edition approved September 15, 1991. Published November 1991. Available from the American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 9094, Farmington
Originally published as C946 – 81. Last previous edition C946 – 84 (1989). DOI: Hills, MI 18333.
10.1520/C0946-91R01. Available from the International Masonry Industry All-Weather Council,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Mason Contractors Association of America, 17 W601 Fourteenth St., Oakbrook
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Terrace, IL 60181.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the National Concrete MasonryAssn., P.O. Box 781, Herndon,
the ASTM website. VA 22070.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C946–91 (2001)
2 2
oz/ft (2.4 gm/mm ), or by a coating of cadmium or zinc of 7.3 Mix only full bag multiples of material to overcome any
equivalent corrosion resistance. segregation of ingredients while in the package.
7.4 Mixing time shall be kept to a minimum, as over mixing
5. Leveling Courses
may cause damage to the fibers.
5.1 Leveling courses, when needed, are to provide a smooth
7.5 Hand Mixing:
surface level within ⁄4 in. (6.35 mm) in 20 ft (6.1 m), for dry
7.5.1 Place water in the mixing container.
stacking concrete masonry units. Leveling courses shall be
7.5.2 Slowly add the dry surface bonding material.
located whenever a vertical difference greater than ⁄2 in. (12.7
7.5.3 Mix thoroughly.
mm) in 10 ft (3.0 m) occurs within one course. Leveling
7.6 Machine Mixing:
courses are usually located on the first course above the
7.6.1 Place water in mixer.
foundation, because footings are not normally placed in a level
7.6.2 Add the surface bonding material to the operating
condition, and at each floor level.
mixer.
5.2 When mortar or surface bonding mortar is used a
7.6.3 Mix thoroughly, 1 to 3 min after all materials have
leveling course, concrete masonry units shall be set in a full
been added.
bed of mortar, laid to a line with the top surface level, as
7.7 The mixture should be creamy, nonlumpy, and easy to
defined in 5.1, and butted together with no mortar in the head
apply.
joints. Bed joints shall be struck flush. If the cores are to be
7.8 Admixtures may be permitted within the limits set by
grouted,nomortarshallbeplacedinthespacetoreceivegrout.
Specification C887 and the manufacturer of the surface bond-
5.3 Allow mortar to set sufficiently so no movement breaks
ing mortar. If desired, admixtures must be speci
...

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ABSTRACT
This practice covers material, workmanship, and construction procedures for applying surface bonded mortar to both sides of dry stacked concrete masonry units. Mortar shall be mixed and shall be selected in accordance with the proportion specification prescribed. Shims shall be corrosion-resistant metal or plastic with a required minimum compressive strength. Courses of concrete masonry units between the leveling courses shall be placed without mortar on the bed or head joints. Place units in running bond. Remove burrs and butt blocks tightly. Use shims, mortar, or surface bonding mortar to plum and level individual units when necessary. Use clean mixing equipment and water free of deleterious amounts of acid, alkali, and organic materials. Mix only full bag multiples of material to overcome any segregation of ingredients. Mixing time shall be kept to a minimum, as over mixing may cause damage to the fibers. Before applying surface bonding mortar, wet the wall uniformly with water to prevent excessive suction of water from the surface bonding mortar. Trowel- or spray-apply surface bonding mortar to both sides of dry-stacked concrete masonry units. When a second coat of surface bonding mortar is to be applied, the first coat shall have taken its initial set. Dampen the wall with a water mist after a specified time, but within a day of application of surface bonding mortar. The top of the walls shall be covered with a nonstaining, waterproof covering to prevent moisture from entering the wall until the top is permanently protected.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers material, workmanship, and construction procedures for applying surface bonded mortar to both sides of dry stacked concrete masonry units. It does not include grout, reinforcing, anchorage, or control joints since their use is essentially the same as conventional concrete masonry construction, unless specifically mentioned in this practice.  
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers dry-cast segmental retaining wall units of concrete, machine–made from hydraulic cement, water, and suitable mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials. The units are intended for use in the construction of mortarless segmental retaining walls.
Note 1: When particular features are desired, such as density classification, higher compressive strength, surface texture, finish, color, or other special features, such properties should be specified separately by the purchaser. Suppliers should be consulted as to availability of units having the desired features.  
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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1280-18(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Application of Exterior Gypsum Panel Products for Use as Sheathing

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the minimum requirements for and the methods of application of gypsum sheathing for use as a substrate for exterior wall cladding. Gypsum sheathing board is a substrate that shall be covered by an exterior cladding or other weather-resistive barrier and is not intended for long-term exposure. Framing members shall be installed so that the surface will be in an even plane, unless otherwise specified, after the gypsum sheathing has been applied. The gypsum sheathing shall be cut by scoring and breaking or by sawing, working from the face side. The cut edges and ends of gypsum sheathing shall be trimmed to obtain neat fitting joints when installed. Gypsum sheathing shall be fitted snugly around all window and door openings. Control joints, other accessories, and metal plaster base shall be fastened through gypsum sheathing to framing members. Where fire resistance or shear resistance is not required, and when metal lath and Portland cement plaster are to be applied as the exterior cladding over gypsum sheathing installed over framing members and the metal lath shall be installed after the gypsum sheathing, the gypsum sheathing shall be permitted to be applied and fastening of the gypsum sheathing shall be completed with the attachment of the self-furred metal lath.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for and methods of application of exterior gypsum panel products that are specifically designed for use as a substrate for exterior cladding.  
1.1.1 This specification does not cover gypsum panel products that are specifically designed for interior applications.  
1.2 Details of construction for a specific assembly to achieve the required fire resistance shall be obtained from reports of fire-resistance tests, engineering evaluations, or listings from recognized fire testing laboratories.  
1.2.1 This specification shall govern where it is more stringent (size or thickness of framing and size and spacing of fasteners) than the fire-rated construction.  
1.3 Where sound control is required for a gypsum panel product assembly, the details of construction shall be in accordance with the acoustical test report of an assembly that has met the required acoustical value(s).  
1.3.1 This specification shall govern where it is more stringent (size or thickness of framing and size and spacing of fasteners) than the sound-rated construction.  
1.4 Where resistance to racking loads or shear is required for a gypsum panel product assembly, the details of construction shall be in accordance with the racking or shear test report of an assembly that has met the required racking or shear value(s).  
1.4.1 This specification shall govern where it is more stringent (size or thickness of framing and size and spacing of fasteners) than the racking or shear-tested construction.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 The text of this standard references notes which provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3660-23(Specification)
Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Motorized Partitions

SCOPE
1.1 This consumer safety performance specification establishes performance requirements, test methods, and labeling requirements for motorized partitions.  
1.2 Motorized partitions are used to provide flexibility in the size of spaces typically used for meetings, sports, recreational areas, schools, or social functions where children are often present.  
1.3 Motorized partitions include a motor to direct the opening and closing of the partition and are operated by trained individuals who control the on/off mechanism and opening and closing movement of the partition.  
1.4 The partition is made up of a series of rigid panels that move along a track.  
1.5 This specification does not include motorized curtains, elevator or garage doors, or non-motorized partitions.  
1.6 This specification shall be taken into consideration by owners/operators, architects, planners, engineers, equipment manufacturers, construction companies, construction contractors, and appropriate inspectors who may be involved in the design and construction of new facilities.  
1.7 This specification applies to the installation of new motorized partitions but may be useful for renovation projects such as updating older motorized partitions.  
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
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