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ASTM G147-02

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests

Standard Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Weathering is an inherently variable science due to the fact that weather itself is variable. In addition, there can be variability in results in artificial accelerated testing even when all devices are running identical exposure cycles. Therefore, it is essential to control all factors as much as possible in order to reduce the overall source of error.
Proper handling of specimens is extremely important for maintaining integrity of the material being evaluated. Damage to specimens caused by improper handling and labeling can adversely affect the validity of the testing program, causing loss of money and time. Improper handling can introduce nonstandard procedures into the protocol which may be a significant source of variability, adversely affecting the overall precision of results obtained. Improper handling may also introduce a bias in the results obtained.
Changes to materials can occur even under a seemingly benign conditioning environment, especially if the specimen has already been exposed. Therefore it is necessary to minimize the number and length of non-testing periods in order that the exposure is the only cause of further changes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers specimen preparation, identification, packing, shipping, handling, and conditioning before, during, and after natural and artificial weathering testing.
1.2 This practice includes details on the conditioning of specimens after exposure and before examination. This practice also covers long-term storage of file specimens.
1.3 Conditioning in this practice does not refer to the specific act of exposing the specimens to the weathering factors.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note—There is no equivalent ISO standard describing procedures for identification, shipping, conditioning, and handling of specimens intended for natural or artificial weathering tests. ISO 139 and ISO 291 describe procedures used for conditioning specimens prior to and during physical property testing.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-2002
ICS
19.020 - Test conditions and procedures in general
Technical Committee
G03 - Weathering and Durability
Drafting Committee
G03.01 - Joint Weathering Projects
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM G147-96 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Replaced By
ASTM G147-09 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
Effective Date
01-Feb-2009
Referred By
ASTM D5894-21 - Standard Practice for Cyclic Salt Fog/UV Exposure of Painted Metal, (Alternating Exposures in a Fog/Dry Cabinet and a UV/Condensation Cabinet)
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D4587-23 - Standard Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7793-21 - Standard Specification for Insulated Vinyl Siding
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D3815/D3815M-05(2019) - Standard Practice for Accelerated Weathering of Pressure-Sensitive Tapes by Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposure Apparatus
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7856-21 - Standard Specification for Color and Appearance Retention of Solid and Variegated Color Plastic Siding Products using CIELab Color Space
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM F2657-21 - Standard Test Method for Outdoor Weathering Exposure of Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D3361/D3361M-22 - Standard Practice for Unfiltered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D1435-20 - Standard Practice for Outdoor Weathering of Plastics
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM G179-04(2019) - Standard Specification for Metal Black Panel and White Panel Temperature Devices for Natural Weathering Tests
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D1014-18 - Standard Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints and Coatings on Metal Substrates
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D3679-21 - Standard Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Siding
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D4674-19 - Standard Practice for Accelerated Testing for Color Stability of Plastics Exposed to Indoor Office Environments
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Referred By
ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002

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ASTM G147-02 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering TestsASTM G147-02 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
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ASTM G147-02 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G 147 – 02
Standard Practice for
Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for
1
Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 147; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
6
1. Scope tioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Materials
3
E 284 Terminology of Appearance
1.1 This practice covers specimen preparation, identifica-
5
E 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
tion, packing, shipping, handling, and conditioning before,
G 7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure
during, and after natural and artificial weathering testing.
7
Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
1.2 This practice includes details on the conditioning of
G 24 Practice for Conducting Exposures to Daylight Fil-
specimens after exposure and before examination. This prac-
7
tered Through Glass
tice also covers long-term storage of file specimens.
G 90 Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weath-
1.3 Conditioning in this practice does not refer to the
ering of Nonmetallic Materials Using Concentrated Natu-
specific act of exposing the specimens to the weathering
7
ral Sunlight
factors.
G 113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
7
Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
G 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
celerated Test Devices That Use Laboratory Light
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
7
Sources
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
G 152 PracticeforOperatingOpenFlameCarbonArcLight
NOTE 1—ThereisnoequivalentISOstandarddescribingproceduresfor 7
Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
identification, shipping, conditioning, and handling of specimens intended
G 153 Practice for Operating Enclosed Carbon Arc Light
for natural or artificial weathering tests. ISO 139 and ISO 291 describe
7
Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
procedures used for conditioning specimens prior to and during physical
G 154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatus
property testing.
7
for UV Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
2. Referenced Documents
G 155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus
7
for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
2.2 Other Documents:
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
ISO 139 Textiles—Standard Atmosphere for Conditioning
D 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
8
3
and Testing
Differences of Diffusively Illuminated Opaque Materials
4
ISO 291 Plastics—Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
8
and Testing
D 3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Condi-
tioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquers, and Related
3. Terminology
3
Materials
5
3.1 The definitions given in Terminologies E 41 and G 113
E 41 Terminology Relating to Conditioning
are applicable to this practice.
E 171 Specification for Standard Atmospheres for Condi-
3.2 Unless otherwise stated, use of the term “specimens” in
this practice refers to specimens of the test material and of any
applicablereferenceorcontrolmaterialsincludedaspartofthe
1
Thispracticeisunderthejurisdiction ofASTMCommitteeG3onDurabilityof
exposure experiment.
Nonmetallic Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G03.01 on
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Joint Weathering Projects.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published March 2003. Originally
published as G 147–96. Last previous edition approved as G 147–96.
2 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
3 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.
4 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. Available from the American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway,
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. New York, NY 10018.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G147–02
3.3.1 handling, n—the management of a specimen between 5.4 Never rest the test specimen on its primary surface
exposure periods, or prior to, or after an exposure test. without protection. Care should be taken not to mar the surface
whenspecimensareplacedonmeasurementequipment,ontest
4. Significance and Use frames used for outdoor exposures, or in spec
...

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4.1 Weathering is an inherently variable science due to the fact that weather itself is variable. In addition, there can be variability in results in artificial accelerated testing even when all devices are running identical exposure cycles. Therefore, it is essential to control all factors as much as possible in order to reduce the overall source of error.  
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FIG. 1 Sequence of Steps  
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This guide defines terms and introduces basic methods for probability sampling of discrete populations, areas, and bulk materials. It provides an overview of common probability sampling methods employed by users of ASTM standards. This guide also describes the principal types of sampling designs and provides formulas for estimating population means and standard errors of the estimates.
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5.1 Background—In a single laboratory, the limit of quantitation, LOQ, equal to ten times the standard deviation obtained under repeatability conditions extrapolated to zero concentration (s0) based on samples with close to zero concentrations has been recommended.3 A test result at this LOQ has an uncertainty of ±30 % at the 99 % confidence level.  
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Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method

ABSTRACT
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4.1 ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This practice may be used in obtaining the needed information as simply as possible. This information may then be used to prepare a precision statement in accordance with Practice E177. Knowledge of the test method precision is useful in commerce and in technical work when comparing test results against standard values (such as specification limits) or between data sources (different laboratories, instruments, etc.).  
4.1.1 When a test method is applied to a large number of portions of a material that are as nearly alike as possible, the test results obtained will not all have the same value. A measure of the degree of agreement among these test results describes the precision of the test method for that material. Numerical measures of the variability between such test results provide inverse measures of the precision of the test method. Greater variability implies smaller (that is, poorer) precision and larger imprecision.  
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ASTM
ASTM D6646-03(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of the Accelerated Hydrogen Sulfide Breakthrough Capacity of Granular and Pelletized Activated Carbon

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method compares the performance of granular or pelletized activated carbons used in odor control applications, such as sewage treatment plants, pump stations, etc. The method determines the relative breakthrough performance of activated carbon for removing hydrogen sulfide from a humidified gas stream. Other organic contaminants present in field operations may affect the H2S breakthrough capacity of the carbon; these are not addressed by this test. This test does not simulate actual conditions encountered in an odor control application, and is therefore meant only to compare the hydrogen sulfide breakthrough capacities of different carbons under the conditions of the laboratory test.  
5.2 This test does not duplicate conditions that an adsorber would encounter in practical service. The mass transfer zone in the 23 cm column used in this test is proportionally much larger than that in the typical bed used in industrial applications. This difference favors a carbon that functions more rapidly for removal of H2S over a carbon with slower kinetics. Also, the 1 % H2S challenge gas concentration used here engenders a significant temperature rise in the carbon bed. This effect may also differentiate between carbons in a way that is not reflected in the conditions of practical service.  
5.3 This standard as written is applicable only to granular and pelletized activated carbons with mean particle diameters less than 2.5 mm. Application of this standard to activated carbons with mean particle diameters (MPD) greater than 2.5 mm will require a larger diameter adsorption column. The ratio of column inside diameter to MPD should be greater than 10 in order to avoid wall effects. In these cases it is suggested that bed superficial velocity and contact time be held invariant at the conditions specified in this standard (4.77 cm/s and 4.8 s). Although not covered by this standard, data obtained from these tests may be reported as in paragraph 12 along with additional ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the performance of virgin, newly impregnated or in-service, granular or pelletized activated carbon for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from an air stream, under the laboratory test conditions described herein. A humidified air stream containing 1 % (by volume) hydrogen sulfide is passed through a carbon bed until 50 ppm breakthrough of H2S is observed. The H2S adsorption capacity of the carbon per unit volume at 99.5 % removal efficiency (g H2S/cm3 carbon) is then calculated. This test is not necessarily applicable to non-carbon adsorptive materials.  
1.2 This standard as written is applicable only to granular and pelletized activated carbons with mean particle diameters (MPD) less than 2.5 mm. See paragraph 5.3 if activated carbons with larger MPDs are to be tested.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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