ASTM C12-17
(Practice)Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
ABSTRACT
This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitified clay pipe lines in order to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe. The external loads on installed vitrified clay pipe are of two general types: (I) dead loads and (2) live loads. For pipes installed in trenches at a given depth, the dead load increases as the trench width, measured at the top of the pipe, increases. Live loads that act at the ground surface are partially transmitted to the pipe. Live loads may be produced by wheel loading, construction equipment or by compactive effort. Classes of bedding and encasements for pipe in trenches are defined as Class D wherein the pipe shall be placed on a firm and unyielding trench bottom with bell holes provided, Class C wherein the pipe shall be bedded in clean coarse-grained gravels and sands, Class B wherein the pipe shall be bedded in suitable material and Class A. Trenches shall be excavated to a width that will provide adequate working space, but not more than the maximum design width. Trench walls shall not be undercut. Bell holes shall be excavated to prevent point loading of the bells or couplings of laid pipe, and to establish full-length support of the pipe barrel. Final backfill need not be compacted to develop field supporting strength of the pipe. Final backfill may require compaction to prevent settlement of the ground surface.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitrified clay pipe lines by open trench construction methods in order to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Designation:C12 −17
Standard Practice for
1
Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC12;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope C923Specification for Resilient Connectors Between Rein-
forced Concrete Manhole Structures, Pipes, and Laterals
1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installing
C1091Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration Testing of
vitrifiedclaypipelinesbyopentrenchconstructionmethodsin
Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
order to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe.
D1586TestMethodforStandardPenetrationTest(SPT)and
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D2487Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
and are not considered standard.
D2488Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the (Visual-Manual Procedures)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D4832Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Con-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- trolled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test Cylinders
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D5821Test Method for Determining the Percentage of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
D6103/D6103MTest Method for Flow Consistency of Con-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- trolled Low Strength Material (CLSM)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3. Terminology
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 3.1 General—Terminology C896 can be used for clarifica-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. tion of terminology in this specification.
3.2 See Fig. 1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C301Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
4. Supporting Strength
C403/C403MTest Method for Time of Setting of Concrete
4.1 The field supporting strength of vitrified clay pipe is
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
materially affected by the methods of installation. The field
C425SpecificationforCompressionJointsforVitrifiedClay
supporting strength of a pipe is defined as its capacity to
Pipe and Fittings
support dead and live loads under actual field conditions. It is
C700Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength,
dependent upon two factors: (1) the inherent strength of the
Standard Strength, and Perforated
pipe and (2) the bedding of the pipe.
C828Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified
Clay Pipe Lines
4.2 The minimum bearing strength requirement in accor-
C896Terminology Relating to Clay Products
dance with Specification C700, as determined by the 3-edge-
bearingtestofTestMethodsC301,isameasureoftheinherent
strength of the pipe.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on Vitrified
Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods of 4.3 The tests used to measure bearing strength determine
Test and Specifications.
relative pipe strengths but do not represent actual field condi-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published January 2018. Originally
tions. Therefore, an adjustment called a load factor is intro-
approved in 1915. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C12–16a. DOI:
duced to convert minimum bearing strength to field supporting
10.1520/C0012-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
strength.The magnitude of the load factor depends on how the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
pipe is bedded. The relationship is:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Fieldsupportingstrength 5 minimumbearingstrength 3loadfactor
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C12−17
FIG. 1 Terminology
4.4 A factor of safety >1.0 and ≤1.5 shall be applied to the 5.3 Live loads that act at the ground surface are partially
fieldsupportingstrengthtocalculateasafesupportingstrength.
transmitted to the pipe. Live loads may b
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C12 − 16a C12 − 17
Standard Practice for
1
Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C12; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitrified clay pipe lines by open trench construction methods in order
to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
C425 Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings
C700 Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength, and Perforated
C828 Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
C896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products
C923 Specification for Resilient Connectors Between Reinforced Concrete Manhole Structures, Pipes, and Laterals
C1091 Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration Testing of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
D1586 Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedures)
D4832 Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test Cylinders
D5821 Test Method for Determining the Percentage of Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate
D6103D6103/D6103M Test Method for Flow Consistency of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM)
3. Terminology
3.1 General—Terminology C896 can be used for clarification of terminology in this specification.
3.2 See Fig. 1.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods of Test and
Specifications.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016Dec. 1, 2017. Published November 2016January 2018. Originally approved in 1915. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as
C12 – 16.C12 – 16a. DOI: 10.1520/C0012-16A.10.1520/C0012-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C12 − 17
FIG. 1 Terminology
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
4. Supporting Strength
4.1 The field supporting strength of vitrified clay pipe is materially affected by the methods of installation. The field supporting
strength of a pipe is defined as its capacity to support dead and live loads under actual field conditions. It is dependent upon two
factors: (1) the inherent strength of the pipe and (2) the bedding of the pipe.
4.2 The minimum bearing strength requirement in accordance with Specification C700, as determined by the 3-edge-bearing test
of Test Methods C301, is a measure of the inherent strength of the pipe.
4.3 The tests used to measure bearing strength determine relative pipe strengths but do not represent actual field conditions.
Therefore, an adjustment called a load factor is introduced to co
...
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