ASTM C12-22a
(Practice)Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
ABSTRACT
This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitified clay pipe lines in order to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe. The external loads on installed vitrified clay pipe are of two general types: (I) dead loads and (2) live loads. For pipes installed in trenches at a given depth, the dead load increases as the trench width, measured at the top of the pipe, increases. Live loads that act at the ground surface are partially transmitted to the pipe. Live loads may be produced by wheel loading, construction equipment or by compactive effort. Classes of bedding and encasements for pipe in trenches are defined as Class D wherein the pipe shall be placed on a firm and unyielding trench bottom with bell holes provided, Class C wherein the pipe shall be bedded in clean coarse-grained gravels and sands, Class B wherein the pipe shall be bedded in suitable material and Class A. Trenches shall be excavated to a width that will provide adequate working space, but not more than the maximum design width. Trench walls shall not be undercut. Bell holes shall be excavated to prevent point loading of the bells or couplings of laid pipe, and to establish full-length support of the pipe barrel. Final backfill need not be compacted to develop field supporting strength of the pipe. Final backfill may require compaction to prevent settlement of the ground surface.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitrified clay pipe lines by open trench construction methods in order to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:C12 −22a
Standard Practice for
1
Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC12;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope C1091Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration Testing of
Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installing
D1586/D1586MTest Method for Standard Penetration Test
vitrifiedclaypipelinesbyopentrenchconstructionmethodsin
(SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
order to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe.
D2487Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D2488Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
(Visual-Manual Procedures)
and are not considered standard.
D4832Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Con-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the trolled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test Cylinders
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D5821Test Method for Determining the Percentage of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D6024/D6024MTest Method for Ball Drop on Controlled
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Low Strength Material (CLSM) to Determine Suitability
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
for Load Application
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- D6103/D6103MTest Method for Flow Consistency of Con-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
trolled Low Strength Material (CLSM)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3. Terminology
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1 General—Terminology C896 can be used for clarifica-
tion of terminology in this specification.
2. Referenced Documents
2 3.2 See Fig. 1.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C301Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
C425SpecificationforCompressionJointsforVitrifiedClay
Pipe and Fittings
4. Supporting Strength
C700Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength,
4.1 The field supporting strength of vitrified clay pipe is
Standard Strength, and Perforated
materially affected by the methods of installation. The field
C828Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified
supporting strength of a pipe is defined as its capacity to
Clay Pipe Lines
support dead and live loads under actual field conditions. It is
C896Terminology Relating to Clay Products
dependent upon two factors: (1) the inherent strength of the
C923/C923MSpecification for Resilient Connectors Be-
pipe and (2) the bedding of the pipe.
tween Reinforced Concrete Manhole Structures, Pipes,
4.2 The minimum bearing strength requirement in accor-
and Laterals
dance with Specification C700, as determined by the 3-edge-
bearingtestofTestMethodsC301,isameasureoftheinherent
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on Vitrified
strength of the pipe.
Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods of
Test and Specifications.
4.3 The tests used to measure bearing strength determine
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally
relative pipe strengths but do not represent actual field condi-
approved in 1915. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as C12–22. DOI:
10.1520/C0012-22A.
tions. Therefore, an adjustment called a load factor is intro-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
duced to convert minimum bearing strength to field supporting
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
strength.The magnitude of the load factor depends on how the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. pipe is bedded. The relationship is:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C12−22a
selection of compaction methods so that the combined dead
loadandliveloaddoesnot
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C12 − 22 C12 − 22a
Standard Practice for
1
Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C12; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitrified clay pipe lines by open trench construction methods in order to
fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
C425 Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings
C700 Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength, and Perforated
C828 Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
C896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products
C923/C923M Specification for Resilient Connectors Between Reinforced Concrete Manhole Structures, Pipes, and Laterals
C1091 Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration Testing of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
D1586/D1586M Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedures)
D4832 Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test Cylinders
D5821 Test Method for Determining the Percentage of Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate
D6024/D6024M Test Method for Ball Drop on Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) to Determine Suitability for Load
Application
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods of Test and
Specifications.
Current edition approved April 1, 2022Sept. 1, 2022. Published April 2022September 2022. Originally approved in 1915. Last previous edition approved in 20212022 as
C12 – 21.C12 – 22. DOI: 10.1520/C0012-22.10.1520/C0012-22A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C12 − 22a
D6103/D6103M Test Method for Flow Consistency of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM)
3. Terminology
3.1 General—Terminology C896 can be used for clarification of terminology in this specification.
3.2 See Fig. 1.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
4. Supporting Strength
4.1 The field supporting strength of vitrified clay pipe is materially affected by the methods of installation. The field supporting
strength of a pipe is defined as its capacity to support dead and live loads under actual field conditions. It is dependent upon two
factors: (1) the inherent strength of the pipe and (2) the bedding of the pipe.
4.2 The minimum bearing strength requirement in accordance with Specification C700, as determined by the 3-edge-bearing test
of Test Methods C301, is a measure of the inherent strength of the pipe.
4.3 The tests used to measure bearing strength determine relative pipe strengths b
...
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