ASTM D5321-08

Standard Test Method for Determining the Coefficient of Soil and Geosynthetic or Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic Friction by the Direct Shear Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedure described in this test method for determination of the coefficient of soil and geosynthetic or geosynthetic and geosynthetic friction by the direct shear method is intended as a performance test to provide the user with a set of design values for the test conditions examined. The test specimens and conditions, including normal stresses, are generally selected by the user.  
This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geosynthetics, but caution is advised as outlined below.  
The coefficient of soil and geosynthetic friction can be expressed only in terms of the soil used in testing (see Note 1and Note 2). The determined value may be a function of the applied normal stress, geosynthetic material characteristics, soil gradation, soil plasticity, density, moisture content, size of sample, drainage conditions, displacement rate, magnitude of displacement, and other parameters.  
Note 1—In the case of acceptance testing requiring the use of soil, the user must furnish the soil sample, soil parameters, and direct shear test parameters.  
Note 2—Testing under this standard should be performed by laboratories experienced in the direct shear testing of soils and meeting the requirements of Practice D 3740
This test method measures the total resistance to shear between a geosynthetic and a supporting material (substratum) or a geosynthetic and an overlying material (superstratum). Total sliding resistance may be a combination of sliding, rolling, interlocking of soil particles and geosynthetic surfaces, and shear strain within the geosynthetic specimen. Shearing resistance may be different on the two faces of a geosynthetic and may vary with direction of shearing relative to orientation of the geosynthetic.
The test method does not distinguish between individual mechanisms, which may be a function of the soil used, method of soil placement, normal and shear stresses applied, rate of horizontal displacement, and other ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the shear resistance of a geosynthetic against soil, or a geosynthetic against another geosynthetic, under a constant rate of deformation.
1.1.1 The test method is intended to indicate the performance of the selected specimen by attempting to model certain field conditions. Results obtained from this method may be limited in their applicability to the specific conditions considered in the testing.
1.2 The test method is applicable for all geosynthetics.  
1.3 The test method is not suited for the development of exact stress-strain relationships for the test specimen due to the non-uniform distribution of shearing forces and displacement.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2008
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.01 - Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5321-02 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Coefficient of Soil and Geosynthetic or Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic Friction by the Direct Shear Method
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D6685-01(2015) - Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Fabrics Used for Fabric Formed Concrete (FFC)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5321 − 08
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Coefficient of Soil and Geosynthetic or
Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic Friction by the Direct Shear
1
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5321; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
3
(2,700 kN-m/m ))
shear resistance of a geosynthetic against soil, or a geosyn-
D2435 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation
thetic against another geosynthetic, under a constant rate of
Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
deformation.
D3080 Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under
1.1.1 The test method is intended to indicate the perfor-
Consolidated Drained Conditions
mance of the selected specimen by attempting to model certain
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
field conditions. Results obtained from this method may be
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
limited in their applicability to the specific conditions consid-
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
ered in the testing.
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
1.2 The test method is applicable for all geosynthetics.
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
1.3 The test method is not suited for the development of
3. Terminology
exact stress-strain relationships for the test specimen due to the
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms relating to soil and
non-uniform distribution of shearing forces and displacement.
rock, refer to Terminology D653. For definitions of terms
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
relating to geosynthetics, refer to Terminology D4439.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
only.
3.2.1 adhesion, n— the shearing resistance between two
c
a
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety
adjacent materials under zero normal stress. Practically, this is
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
determined as the y-intercept of a straight line relating the
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
limiting value of shear stress that resist slippage between two
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
materialsandthenormalstressacrossthecontactsurfaceofthe
limitations prior to use.
two materials. (D653, D-18)
3.2.2 angle of friction, n—(angle of friction between two
2. Referenced Documents
materials) (degrees) the angle whose tangent is the slope of the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
line relating limiting value of the shear stress that resists
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
slippage between two solid bodies and the normal stress across
Fluids
the contact surface of the two bodies. Limiting value may be at
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
the peak shear stress or at some other failure condition defined
3
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
by the user of the test results. This is commonly referred to as
3
kN-m/m ))
interface friction angle. (D653, D-18)
3.2.3 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air main-
1 tained at a relative humidity of 65 6 5 % and temperature of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-
21 6 2°C (70 6 4°F). (D4439)
cal Properties.
3.2.4 coeffıcient of friction, n—The slope of the line relating
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally
limiting value of the shear stress that resists slippage between
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5321–02 DOI:
10.1520/D5321-08.
two materials and the normal stress across the contact surface
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
of the two bodies. Limiting value may be at the peak shear
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
stress or at some other failure condition defined by the user.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. (D653, D-18)
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5321 − 08
3.2.5 direct shear friction test, n—for geosynthetics, a pro- or a geosynthetic and an
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 5321–025321–08
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Coefficient of Soil and Geosynthetic or
Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic Friction by the Direct Shear
1
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5321; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the shear resistance of a geosynthetic against soil, or a geosynthetic
against another geosynthetic, under a constant rate of deformation.
1.1.1 The test method is intended to indicate the performance of the selected specimen by attempting to model certain field
conditions. Results obtained from this method may be limited in their applicability to the specific conditions considered in the
testing.
1.2 The test method is applicable for all geosynthetics.
1.3 The test method is not suited for the development of exact stress-strain relationships for the test specimen due to the
non-uniform distribution of shearing forces and displacement.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D 698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12400 ft/lbf/ft(12 400
3
3 (600 kN-m/m
ft-lbf/ft (600 kN/m/m ))
3
D 1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56000(56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2700
3
(2,700 kN-m/m 2
kN/m/m )
2
D2435Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils ))
D 2435 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
D 3080 Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions
D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used
in Engineering Design and Construction
D 4354 Practice for Sampling of GeotextilesGeosynthetics for Testing
3
D 4439Terminology for Geotextiles
D6243Test Method for Determining the Internal and Interface Shear Resistance of Geosynthetic Clay Liner by the Direct Shear
3
Method Terminology for Geosynthetics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to soil and rock, refer to Terminology D 653. For definitions of terms relating
to geosynthetics, refer to Terminology D 4439.
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 adhesion, n— the shearing resistance between two adjacent materials under zero normal stress. Practically, this is
c
a
determined as the y-intercept of a straight line relating the limiting value of shear stress that resist slippage between two materials
and the normal stress across the contact surface of the two materials. (D 653, D-18)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2002. Published May 2002. Originally published as D5321–92. Last previous edition D5321–92(1997)
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 5321–02
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.08.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 5321–025321–08
3.2.2 angle of friction, n—(angle of friction between two materials) (degrees) the angle whose tangent is the slope of the line
relating limiting value of the shear stress that resists slippage between two solid bodies and the normal stress across the contact
surface of the two bodies. Limiting value may be at the pea
...