ASTM D946/D946M-15

Standard Specification for Penetration-Graded Asphalt Binder for Use in Pavement Construction

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for asphalt cement proposed for use in the construction of pavements. This specification shall include the following penetration grades: 40-50, 60-70, 85-100, 120-150, and 200-300. The cements shall be manufactured by refining crude petroleum through suitable methods. The asphalt cement shall be homogeneous and shall not foam when heated to application temperature. Requirements such as ductility, flash point, solubility in trichloroethylene, and penetration shall be determined in accordance with ASTM test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt binder for use in the construction of pavements.
Note 1: For asphalt binders graded by viscosity at 60°C, see Specification D3381. For performance-graded asphalt binder, see Specification D6373.  
1.2 This specification covers the following penetration grades:    
40–50,  
120–150, and    
60–70,  
200–300.  
85–100,  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2015
• ICS: 93.080.20 - Road construction materials
• Technical Committee: D04 - Road and Paving Materials
• Drafting Committee: D04.40 - Asphalt Specifications

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D946/D946M-09a - Standard Specification for Penetration-Graded Asphalt Cement for Use in Pavement Construction
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Replaced By: ASTM D946/D946M-20 - Standard Specification for Penetration-Graded Asphalt Binder for Use in Pavement Construction
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Referred By: ASTM D4552/D4552M-20 - Standard Classification for Hot-Mix Recycling Agents
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D1369-19 - Standard Practice for Quantities of Materials for Asphalt-Aggregate Surface Treatments
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D7064/D7064M-21 - Standard Practice for Open-Graded Friction Course (OGFC) Asphalt Mixture Design
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D6114/D6114M-19 - Standard Specification for Asphalt-Rubber Binder
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D4479/D4479M-07(2018) - Standard Specification for Asphalt Roof Coatings—Asbestos-Free
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D6932/D6932M-21 - Standard Guide for Materials and Construction of Open-Graded Friction Course Plant Asphalt Mixtures
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D4586/D4586M-07(2018) - Standard Specification for Asphalt Roof Cement, Asbestos-Free
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D3381/D3381M-18 - Standard Specification for Viscosity-Graded Asphalt Binder for Use in Pavement Construction
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D8239-23 - Standard Specification for Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder Using the Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) Test
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D6373-23 - Standard Specification for Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D946/D946M −15
Standard Specification for
Penetration-Graded Asphalt Binder for Use in Pavement
1
Construction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D946/D946M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2042 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in
Trichloroethylene
1.1 This specification covers asphalt binder for use in the
D3381 Specification for Viscosity-Graded Asphalt Cement
construction of pavements.
for Use in Pavement Construction
NOTE 1—For asphalt binders graded by viscosity at 60°C, see Specifi-
D6373 Specification for Performance Graded Asphalt
cation D3381. For performance-graded asphalt binder, see Specification
Binder
D6373.
D7553 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in
1.2 This specification covers the following penetration
N-Propyl Bromide
grades:
3. Manufacture
40–50, 120–150, and
60–70, 200–300.
3.1 Asphalt binder shall be prepared by the refining of crude
85–100,
petroleum by suitable methods.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
4. Properties
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
4.1 The asphalt binder shall be homogeneous and shall not
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
foam when heated to 175°C [350°F].
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
4.2 The asphalt binder shall conform to the requirements
with the standard.
given in Table 1 or Table 2, as specified by the purchaser. If no
2. Referenced Documents table is specified, the default shall be Table 1. Table 2
2
requirements limit the temperature susceptibility of asphalt
2.1 ASTM Standards:
over Table 1 requirements. Asphalt binders that meet Table 2
D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
requirements will also meet Table 1 requirements of the same
D36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-
grade.
Ball Apparatus)
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
5. Methods of Sampling and Testing
Open Cup Tester
5.1 The material shall be sampled and the properties enu-
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials
merated in this specification shall be determined in accordance
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
with the following ASTM methods:
D1754 Test Method for Effects of Heat andAir onAsphaltic
5.1.1 Sampling—Practice D140.
Materials (Thin-Film Oven Test)
5.1.2 Penetration—Test Method D5.
5.1.3 Softening Point—Test Method D36.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
5.1.4 Flash Point—Test Method D92.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.40 on
5.1.5 Ductility—Test Method D113.
Asphalt Specifications.
5.1.6 Thin Film Oven Test—Test Method D1754.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015. Published January 2016. Originally
5.1.7 Solubility in Trichloroethylene—Test Method D2042.
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D946/D946M – 09a.
DOI: 10.1520/D0946_D0946M-15.
5.1.8 Solubility in N-Propyl Bromide—Test Method D7553.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
6. Keywords
Standards volume information, refer to the standar
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D946/D946M − 09a D946/D946M − 15
Standard Specification for
Penetration-Graded Asphalt CementBinder for Use in
1
Pavement Construction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D946/D946M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers asphalt cementbinder for use in the construction of pavements.
NOTE 1—For asphalt binders graded by viscosity at 60°C, see Specification D3381. For performance-graded asphalt binder, see Specification D6373.
1.2 This specification covers the following penetration grades:
40–50, 120–150, and
60–70, 200–300.
85–100,
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
D36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
D1754 Test Method for Effects of Heat and Air on Asphaltic Materials (Thin-Film Oven Test)
D2042 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in Trichloroethylene
D3381 Specification for Viscosity-Graded Asphalt Cement for Use in Pavement Construction
D6373 Specification for Performance Graded Asphalt Binder
D7553 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in N-Propyl Bromide
3. Manufacture
3.1 Asphalt cementbinder shall be prepared by the refining of crude petroleum by suitable methods.
4. Properties
4.1 The asphalt cementbinder shall be homogeneous and shall not foam when heated to 175°C [350°F].
4.2 The asphalt cementbinder shall conform to the requirements given in Table 1 or Table 2, as specified by the purchaser. If
no table is specified, the default shall be Table 1. Table 2 requirements limit the temperature susceptibility of asphalt over Table
1 requirements. Asphalts Asphalt binders that meet Table 2 requirements will also meet Table 1 requirements of the same grade.
5. Methods of Sampling and Testing
5.1 The material shall be sampled and the properties enumerated in this specification shall be determined in accordance with
the following ASTM methods:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.40 on Asphalt
Specifications.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009Dec. 1, 2015. Published January 2010January 2016. Originally approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as
D946 – 09.D946/D946M – 09a. DOI: 10.1520/D0946_D0946M-09A.10.1520/D0946_D0946M-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D946/D946M − 15
TABLE 1 Requirements for Penetration-Graded Asphalt CementBinder for Use in Pavement Construction
Penetration Grade
40–50 60–70 85–100 120–150 200–300
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
Penetration at 25°C [77°F], 100 g, 5 s 40 50 60 70 85 100 120 150 200 300
Flash point, °C [°F] (Cleveland open cup) 230 [450] . 230 [450] . 230 [450] . 220 [425] . 175 [350] .
A
Ductility at 25°C [77°F], 5 cm/min, cm 100 . 100 . 100 . 100 . 100 .
Solubility in trichloroethylene, % 99.0 . 99.0 . 99.0 . 99.0 . 99.0 .
B
Solubility, % 99.0 . 99.0 . 99.0 . 99.0 . 99.0 .
Retained penetration after thin-film oven test, % 55 + . 52 + . 47 + . 42 + . 37 + .
A
Ductility at 25°C [77°F], 5 cm/min, cm after thin-film . . 50 . 75 . 100 . 100 .
oven test test
A
Ductility at 25°C [77°F], 5 cm/min, cm after thin-film . . 50 . 75 . 100 . 100 .
oven test
A
If ductility at 25°C [77°F] is less than 100 cm, material will be accepted if d
...