ASTM E1792-24

Standard Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead in Surface Dust

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for wipe sampling materials that are used to collect settled dusts on surfaces for the subsequent determination of lead. The wipes shall be tested for conformance to background lead, lead recoverability, collection efficiency, ruggedness which shall be determined using butted vinyl-composite floor tiles as a test surface, moisture content, coefficient of variation in mass, linear dimensions such as mean area and mean length, and mean thickness requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for wipes that are used to collect settled dusts on surfaces for the subsequent determination of lead.  
1.2 For wipe materials used for the determination of beryllium in surface dust refer to Specification D7707. This is mentioned to insure that users of wipes recognize that there is some relationship between the analytical backgrounds found in wipes and the analyte of interest.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2024
• ICS: 71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
• Technical Committee: D22 - Air Quality
• Drafting Committee: D22.12 - Sampling and Analysis of Lead for Exposure and Risk Assessment

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1792-20 - Standard Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead in Surface Dust
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Referred By: ASTM E1979-21 - Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Extraction of Paint, Dust, Soil, and Air Samples for Subsequent Determination of Lead
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Referred By: ASTM E2914/E2914M-21 - Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Extraction of Lead from Composited Wipe Samples
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Referred By: ASTM D8568-24 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Lead by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) Techniques
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Referred By: ASTM E2271/E2271M-22 - Standard Practice for Clearance Examinations Following Lead Hazard Reduction Activities in Multifamily Dwellings
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Referred By: ASTM D6966-18 - Standard Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Determination of Metals
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Referred By: ASTM E1775-20 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Performance of On-Site Extraction and Field-Portable Electrochemical or Spectrophotometric Analysis for Lead
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Referred By: ASTM D7822-18 - Standard Practice for Dermal Wipe Sampling for the Subsequent Determination of Metals and Metalloids
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Referred By: ASTM E2913/E2913M-21 - Standard Practice for Hotplate Digestion of Lead from Composited Wipe Samples
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Referred By: ASTM D8344-20 - Standard Practice for Ammonium Bifluoride and Nitric Acid Digestion of Airborne Dust and Dust-Wipe Samples for the Determination of Metals and Metalloids
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Referred By: ASTM E1728/E1728M-24 - Standard Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Lead Determination
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Referred By: ASTM E1605-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Referred By: ASTM E3074/E3074M-24 - Standard Practice for Clearance Examinations Following Lead Hazard Reduction Activities in Single Family Dwellings, in Individual Units of Multifamily Dwellings, and in Other Child-Occupied Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Referred By: ASTM D7707-21 - Standard Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Beryllium in Surface Dust
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Referred By: ASTM E3203-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Lead in Dried Paint, Soil, and Wipe Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024

Overview

ASTM E1792-24 is the internationally recognized standard specification for wipe sampling materials used to collect settled surface dust for the determination of lead. Published by ASTM International, this standard provides detailed requirements for the manufacturing, performance characteristics, testing, and packaging of towelettes designed for lead sampling. The aim is to ensure that laboratory analysis of lead in dust samples collected from surfaces is both accurate and reproducible, supporting safety, regulatory compliance, and public health initiatives.

Key Topics

• Wipe Material Requirements: Specifies physical and chemical properties necessary for effective lead dust collection, including background lead level, lead recoverability, collection efficiency, ruggedness, moisture content, mass, dimensions, and thickness.
• Performance Testing: Details standardized methods to verify wipe performance, using laboratory procedures described in referenced ASTM practices and test methods.
• Sample Handling: Sets guidelines for selecting, handling, and storing wipes prior to testing to ensure unbiased and contamination-free results.
• Packaging and Marking: Mandates individual wrapping, labeling with supplier and lot details, and explicit marking of compliance with ASTM E1792 on packaging.
• Recordkeeping: Requires suppliers to maintain performance data supporting compliance with the specification.

Applications

ASTM E1792-24 is utilized by:

• Manufacturers and Suppliers: To evaluate and demonstrate the compliance of wipe sampling materials for use in lead dust collection, ensuring their products meet technical and regulatory expectations.
• Environmental Health Professionals: To select effective wipes for sampling surface dust in buildings, particularly in environments where lead-based paint or residue is a concern, such as schools, homes, or industrial settings.
• Testing Laboratories: To ensure consistent collection and analysis methodology, contributing to reliable environmental monitoring and risk assessment results.
• Regulatory and Compliance Auditors: To verify that sampling materials used in inspection programs fulfill recognized international standards, supporting health and safety regulations.

By ensuring that the wipes possess low background lead, high collection efficiency, and sufficient durability, E1792-24 helps reduce contamination risk and enhances the confidence in analytical results for lead in surface dust. The standard also assists users in selecting between large and small wipes based on target area size, enhancing the practicality of field workflows.

Related Standards

For comprehensive quality and compatibility, ASTM E1792-24 references and is supported by several related standards:

• ASTM D7707: Specification for wipe sampling materials for beryllium in surface dust.
• ASTM E105: Guide for probability sampling of materials.
• ASTM E1613, E3193, E3203: Methods for determination of lead in various matrices using spectrometric techniques.
• ASTM E1644: Practice for hot plate digestion of dust wipe samples for determination of lead.
• ASTM E1728/ E1728M: Practice for collection of settled dust samples using wipe sampling methods.
• ASTM E2239: Practice for record keeping and record preservation for lead hazard activities.
• Terminologies D1356, E1605, F141: For definitions related to atmospheric sampling, lead in buildings, and resilient floor coverings.

Keywords: ASTM E1792-24, wipe sampling materials, lead in surface dust, surface dust collection, environmental sampling, lead testing, analytical methods, environmental health standards, dust wipe specification, regulatory compliance.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1792 − 24
Standard Specification for
Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead in Surface Dust
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1792; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
E1644 Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust Wipe
1.1 This specification covers requirements for wipes that are
Samples for the Determination of Lead
used to collect settled dusts on surfaces for the subsequent
E1728/E1728M Practice for Collection of Settled Dust
determination of lead.
Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent
1.2 For wipe materials used for the determination of beryl-
Lead Determination
lium in surface dust refer to Specification D7707. This is
E2239 Practice for Record Keeping and Record Preservation
mentioned to insure that users of wipes recognize that there is
for Lead Hazard Activities
some relationship between the analytical backgrounds found in
E3203 Test Method for Determination of Lead in Dried
wipes and the analyte of interest.
Paint, Soil, and Wipe Samples by Inductively Coupled
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)
F141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor Coverings
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3. Terminology
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms not listed here, see
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Terminologies D1356 and E1605.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1 lot, n—a finite quantity of a given product manufac-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
tured under production conditions that are considered uniform.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.2 shelf life, n—for dust-wiping sampling, the maximum
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- time interval during which a wipe can be stored in an unopened
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
package and remain suitable for sampling of settled dust.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.3 vinyl-composite tile, n—a resilient floor covering com-
posed of binder, fillers, and pigments, where the binder consists
2. Referenced Documents
of one or more resins of poly (vinyl chloride) or vinyl chloride
2.1 ASTM Standards:
copolymers, or both, compounded with suitable plasticizers
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
and stabilizers, though other polymeric resins may be incorpo-
Atmospheres
rated as part of the binder (see Terminology F141).
D7707 Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Beryl-
3.2.4 wipe, n—a disposable towelette that is moistened with
lium in Surface Dust
a wetting agent.
E105 Guide for Probability Sampling of Materials
3.2.4.1 Discussion—The towelette is used to collect a
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
sample of settled dust on a surface for subsequent lead
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
analysis.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air
4. Significance and Use
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.12 on Sampling and
Analysis of Lead for Exposure and Risk Assessment. 4.1 This specification is intended for use by manufacturers
Current edition approved April 1, 2024. Published April 2024. Originally
and suppliers to evaluate the performance of wipe sampling
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as E1792 – 20. DOI:
materials for lead in surface dust.
10.1520/E1792-24.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.2 This specification may also be employed by users of
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
wipes to compare the performance of candidate wipes for the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. sampling of lead in surface dust.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1792 − 24
5. Manufacture 8. Procedure
5.1 The wipes shall be made from materials using methods 8.1 Background and Recovery—Background lead (6.1.1) of
un-spiked wipes and recoverability of lead from spiked wipes
that ensure compliance with the requirements of Sections 6 and
8, and shall be clean and free of imperfections that would affect (6.1.2) shall be measured in accordance with Practice E1644
and Test Method E3203. Recovery of lead from CRM(s) alone,
their performance.
that is without a wipe included in the analysis, shall also be
measured in accordance with the same procedure. A minimum
6. General Requirements
of seven samples per each level (unspiked, 20 μg 6 2 μg,
6.1 Wipes shall conform to the requirements in 6.1.1 to
100 μg 6 10 μg, and 500 μg 6 50 μg) shall be tested. See Ref
6.1.8. Test procedures for each requirement are found in
(2) for additional guidelines on the spiking, digestion, and
Section 8.
analysis procedure.
6.1.1 Background Lead—The mean background lead con-
8.1.1 Compute the mean and coefficient of variation for
tent per un-spiked wipes tested shall be less than 1.0 μg.
each set of samples. See Practice E691 for details regarding
6.1.2 Lead Recoveries—The mean lead recoveries from
statistical computations. Compare with the requirements of
wipes spiked with Certified Reference Materials (CRMs)
6.1.1 and 6.1.2.
having 20 μg, 100 μg, and 500 μg (each at 610 %) of lead per
8.2 Collection Effıciency—Collection efficiency (6.1.3) shall
sample shall be 100 % 6 20 % of the mean lead recovery from
be measured in accordance with either 8.2.1 or 8.2.2. A
the CRM alone, that is, without a wipe included in the analysis
minimum of seven wipes shall be tested using a smooth-
(1). The coefficient of variation of the recoveries of samples
surface vinyl-composite floor tile as a test surface.
with lead levels of 20 μg shall not exceed 25 %. The coeffi-
8.2.1 Load a delineated area of the test surface (minimum
cients of variation of the
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1792 − 20 E1792 − 24
Standard Specification for
Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead in Surface Dust
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1792; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers requirements for wipes that are used to collect settled dusts on surfaces for the subsequent
determination of lead.
1.2 For wipe materials used for the determination of beryllium in surface dust refer to Specification D7707. This is mentioned to
insure that users of wipes recognize that there is some relationship between the analytical backgrounds found in wipes and the
analyte of interest.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D7707 Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Beryllium in Surface Dust
E105 Guide for Probability Sampling of Materials
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
E1613 Test Method for Determination of Lead by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES),
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) Techniques
(Withdrawn 2021)
E1644 Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust Wipe Samples for the Determination of Lead
E1728E1728/E1728M Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Lead
Determination
E2239 Practice for Record Keeping and Record Preservation for Lead Hazard Activities
E3193 Test Method for Measurement of Lead (Pb) by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS)
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.12 on Sampling and Analysis
of Lead for Exposure and Risk Assessment.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2020April 1, 2024. Published September 2020April 2024. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20162020 as
E1792 – 03 (2016).E1792 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/E1792-20.10.1520/E1792-24.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1792 − 24
E3203 Test Method for Determination of Lead in Dried Paint, Soil, and Wipe Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical
Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)
F141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor Coverings
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms not listed here, see Terminologies D1356 and E1605.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 lot, n—a finite quantity of a given product manufactured under production conditions that are considered uniform.
3.2.2 shelf life, n—for dust-wiping sampling, the maximum time interval during which a wipe can be stored in an unopened
package and remain suitable for sampling of settled dust.
3.2.3 vinyl-composite tile, n—a resilient floor covering composed of binder, fillers, and pigments. The pigments, where the binder
consists of one or more resins of poly (vinyl chloride) or vinyl chloride copolymers, or both, compounded with suitable plasticizers
and stabilizers. Other stabilizers, though other polymeric resins may be incorporated as part of the binder (see Terminology F141).
3.2.4 wipe, n—a disposable towelette that is moistened with a wetting agent.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—
The towelette is used to collect a sample of settled dust on a surface for subsequent lead analysis.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This specification is intended for use by manufacturers and suppliers to evaluate the performance of wipe sampling materials
for lead in surface dust.
4.2 This specification may also be employed by users of wipes to compare the performance of candidate wipes for the sampling
of lead in surface dust.
5. Manufacture
5.1 The wipes shall be made from materials using methods that ensure compliance with the requirements of Sections 6 and 8, and
shall be clean and free of imperfections that would affect their performance.
6. General Requirements
6.1 Wipes shall conform to the requirements in Paragraphs 6.1.1 to 6.1.8. Test procedures for each requirement are found in
Section 8.
6.1.1 Background Lead—The mean background lead content per un-spiked wipes tested shall be less than 1.0 μg.
6.1.2 Lead Recoveries—The mean lead recoveries from wipes spiked with Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) having 20 μg,
100 μg, and 500 μg (610 %) (each at 610 %) of lead per sample shall be 100 % 6 20 % of the mean lead recovery from the CRM
alone, that is, without a wipe included in the analysis (1). The coefficient of variation of the recoveries of samples with lead levels
of 20 μg shall not exceed 25 %. The coefficients of variation of the recoveries of samples with lead levels of 100 μg and 500 μg
shall not exceed 10 %.
6.1.3 Collection Effıciency—The minimum collection efficiency of at least 95 % of the wipes tested shall be 75 %.
6.1.4 Ruggedness—Wipes shall be sufficiently rugged so as to be used on a smooth surface of a vinyl-composite floor tile such
that a minimum of 95 % of wipes tested shall reveal no holes or tears.
6.1.5 Moisture Content—Each wipe, when examined, must be wet both visibly and to the touch upon removal from the package.
The coefficient of variation of moisture content of wipes tested shall be no greater than 25 %.
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
E1792 − 24
6.1.6 Mass—The coefficient of variation in mass shall not exceed 10 %.
6.1.7 Dimensions—The mean area of the wipe shall be either:
2 2
(1) No smaller than 2
...