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ASTM D3514/D3514M-10

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric Pad

Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric Pad

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method, even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing.
If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using Test Method D3514 for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing begins. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration for the known bias.
The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors which may include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric finishing treatments. The pilling resistance of a specific fabric in actual wear varies more with general conditions of use and indiv...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other surface distortions such as fuzzing of textile fabrics. The method utilizes the Stoll Quartermaster Universal Wear Tester with the frosting attachment. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted fabrics.
Note 1—For other current test methods of testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511, D3512, and D4970.  
1.2 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2010
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3514-09 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric Pad
Effective Date
01-Jun-2010
Replaced By
ASTM D3514/D3514M-10(2014) - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric Pad
Effective Date
01-Jul-2014
Referred By
ASTM D3512/D3512M-22 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester
Effective Date
01-Jun-2010
Referred By
ASTM D3511/D3511M-16(2022) - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester
Effective Date
01-Jun-2010
Referred By
ASTM D4850-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Jun-2010

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ASTM D3514/D3514M-10 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric PadASTM D3514/D3514M-10 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric Pad
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ASTM D3514/D3514M-10 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric Pad
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3514/D3514M − 10
StandardTest Method for
Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of
1
Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric Pad
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3514/D3514M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
ADJD3512 Set of Photographic Standards for Random
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-
3
Tumble Pilling Test
tance to the formation of pills and other surface distortions
ADJD3514 Three Sets of Five Photographic Standards for
such as fuzzing of textile fabrics.The method utilizes the Stoll
4
Elastomeric Pad Pilling Test
Quartermaster Universal Wear Tester with the frosting attach-
ment. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of
3. Terminology
woven and knitted fabrics.
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric Test
NOTE 1—For other current test methods of testing the pilling resistance
Methods, General, refer to Terminology D4850.
of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511, D3512, and D4970.
3.2 For all terminology relating to Force, Deformation and
1.2 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before
Related Properties in Textiles, refer to Terminology D4848.
testing.
3.2.1 Thefollowingtermsarerelevanttothisstandard:fuzz,
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
pilling resistance, pills.
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
3.3 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
Terminology D123.
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
4. Summary of Test Method
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Pilling and other changes in surface appearance that
2. Referenced Documents occur in normal wear are simulated on a laboratory testing
2
machine. Fabric samples are washed or drycleaned, depending
2.1 ASTM Standards:
on expected refurbishment, followed by controlled rubbing
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
against an elastomeric pad having specifically selected me-
D3511TestMethodforPillingResistanceandOtherRelated
chanicalproperties.Thedegreeoffabricpillingisevaluatedby
Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester
comparison of the tested specimens with visual standards that
D3512TestMethodforPillingResistanceandOtherRelated
may be actual fabrics, or photographs of fabrics, showing a
Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble
rangeofpillingresistance.Theobservedresistancetopillingis
Pilling Tester
reported using an arbitrary rating scale.
D4848Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
Related Properties of Textiles
5. Significance and Use
D4850Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for
Methods
resistancetopillingisnotrecommendedforacceptancetesting.
D4970TestMethodforPillingResistanceandOtherRelated
If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with
Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester
caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some
cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
best available method, even though the method has not been
Specific.
recommended for acceptance testing.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originally
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D3514–09. DOI:
10.1520/D3514_D3514M-10.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM ADJD3512. Original adjunct produced in 1993.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD3514.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3514/D3514M − 10
5.1.1 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in pillingresistance.Theobservedresistancetopillingisreported
values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using on an arbitrary scale ranging from 5 (no pilling) to 1 (very
Test Method D351
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
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    English language
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