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ASTM D6112-10

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Compressive and Flexural Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastic Lumber and Shapes

Standard Test Methods for Compressive and Flexural Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastic Lumber and Shapes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Data from creep and creep-rupture tests are necessary to predict the creep modulus and strength of materials under long-term loads and to predict dimensional changes that have the potential to occur as a result of such loads.
Data from these test methods can be used to characterize plastic lumber: for comparison purposes, for the design of fabricated parts, to determine long-term performance under constant load, and under certain conditions, for specification purposes.
For many products, it is possible that there will be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that product specification before using this test method. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the creep and creep-rupture properties of plastic lumber and shapes, when loaded in compression or flexure under specified environmental conditions. Test specimens in the “as-manufactured” form are employed. As such, these are test methods for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as a product and not material property test methods.
1.2 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made predominantly with recycled plastics. However, this test method would also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins where the product is non-homogenous in the cross-section.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2010
ICS
83.140.01 - Rubber and plastics products in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.20 - Plastic Lumber
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6112-97(2005) - Standard Test Methods for Compressive and Flexural Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastic Lumber and Shapes
Effective Date
01-Sep-2010
Replaced By
ASTM D6112-13 - Standard Test Methods for Compressive and Flexural Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastic Lumber and Shapes
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D7258-23 - Standard Specification for Polymeric Piles
Effective Date
01-Sep-2010
Referred By
ASTM D6662-22 - Standard Specification for Polyolefin-Based Plastic Lumber Decking Boards
Effective Date
01-Sep-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7568-23 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene-Based Structural-Grade Plastic Lumber for Outdoor Applications
Effective Date
01-Sep-2010

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6112 − 10
StandardTest Methods for
Compressive and Flexural Creep and Creep-Rupture of
1
Plastic Lumber and Shapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6112; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5033GuideforDevelopmentofASTMStandardsRelating
to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics (Withdrawn
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the creep
3
2007)
and creep-rupture properties of plastic lumber and shapes,
D5947Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
when loaded in compression or flexure under specified envi-
Plastics Specimens
ronmentalconditions.Testspecimensinthe“as-manufactured”
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
form are employed. As such, these are test methods for
evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as a
3. Terminology
product and not material property test methods.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made
3.1.1 compression—in a compressive creep test, the de-
predominantly with recycled plastics. However, this test
creaseinlengthproducedinthegaugelengthorthetotallength
method would also be applicable to similar manufactured
of a test specimen.
plastic products made from virgin resins where the product is
3.1.2 creep modulus—the ratio of initial applied stress to
non-homogenous in the cross-section.
creep strain.
1.3 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
3.1.3 creep strain—the total strain, at any given time,
as standard. The values given in parentheses are for informa-
produced by the applied stress during a creep test.
tion only.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The term creep, as used in this test
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
method,reflectscurrentplasticsengineeringusage.Inscientific
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
practice, creep is often defined to be the nonelastic portion of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
strain. However, this definition is not applicable to existing
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
engineering formulas. Plastics have a wide spectrum of retar-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
dation times, and elastic portions of strain cannot be separated
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
in practice from nonelastic. Therefore, wherever “strain” is
mentioned in these test methods, it refers to the sum of elastic
2. Referenced Documents
strain plus the additional strain with time.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4 deflection—in a flexural creep test, the change in
D543Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to
mid-span position of a test specimen.
Chemical Reagents
3.1.5 deformation—a change in shape, size or position of a
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
test specimen as a result of compression, deflection, or exten-
D2990Test Methods forTensile, Compressive, and Flexural
sion:
Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastics
D4000Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi- 3.1.6 plastic lumber, n—a manufactured product composed
ofmorethan50weightpercentresin,andinwhichtheproduct
als
generally is rectangular in cross-section and typically supplied
in board and dimensional lumber sizes, may be filled or
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
unfilled, and may be composed of single or multiple resin
PlasticsandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.20onPlasticLumber
(Section D20.20.01).
blends.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originally
3.1.7 plastic shape, n—a manufactured product composed
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D6112-97(2005).
DOI: 10.1520/D6112-10.
ofmorethan50weightpercentresin,andinwhichtheproduct
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6112 − 10
generally is not rectangular in cross-section, may be filled or shock loading, caused by a specimen failure, is not transferred
unfilled, and may be composed of single or multiple resin to other specimens undergoing testing. The accuracy of the
blends. loading system shall be verified at least on
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6112–97(Reapproved2005) Designation: D6112 – 10
Standard Test Methods for
Compressive and Flexural Creep and Creep-Rupture of
1
Plastic Lumber and Shapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6112; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the creep and creep-rupture properties of plastic lumber and shapes, when
loaded in compression or flexure under specified environmental conditions. Test specimens in the “as-manufactured” form are
employed.As such, these are test methods for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as a product and not material
property test methods.
1.2 Plasticlumberandplasticshapesarecurrentlymadepredominantlywithrecycledplastics.However,thistestmethodwould
also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins where the product is non-homogenous in the
cross-section.
1.3 The values stated in inch–-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard. 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastics
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D5033 Guide for Development of ASTM Standards Relating to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 compression—in a compressive creep test,thedecreaseinlengthproducedinthegaugelengthorthetotallengthofatest
specimen.
3.1.2 creep modulus—the ratio of initial applied stress to creep strain.
3.1.3 creep strain—the total strain, at any given time, produced by the applied stress during a creep test.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The term creep, as used in this test method, reflects current plastics engineering usage. In scientific
practice, creep is often defined to be the nonelastic portion of strain. However, this definition is not applicable to existing
engineering formulas. Plastics have a wide spectrum of retardation times, and elastic portions of strain cannot be separated in
practice from nonelastic.Therefore, wherever “strain” is mentioned in these test methods, it refers to the sum of elastic strain plus
the additional strain with time.
3.1.4 deflection—in a flexural creep test, the change in mid-span position of a test specimen.
3.1.5 deformation—a change in shape, size or position of a test specimen as a result of compression, deflection, or extension:
1
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlasticsandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.20onPlasticProductsLumber
(Section D20.20.01).
Current edition approved Nov.Sept. 1, 2005.2010. Published January 2006.September 2010. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as
D6112-97(2005). DOI: 10.1520/D6112-97R05.10.1520/D6112-10.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6112 – 10
3.1.6 plastic lumber, n—a manufactured product composed of more than 50 weight percent resin, and in which the product
generally is rectangular in cross-section and typically supplied in board and dimensional lumber sizes, may be filled or unfilled,
and may be composed of single or multiple resin blends.
3.1.7 plastic shape, n—a manufactured product composed of more than 50 weight percent resin, and in which the produc
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Data from creep and creep-rupture tests are necessary to predict the creep modulus and strength of materials under long-term loads and to predict dimensional changes that have the potential to occur as a result of such loads.  
5.2 Data from these test methods can be used to characterize plastic lumber: for comparison purposes, for the design of fabricated parts, to determine long-term performance under constant load, and under certain conditions, for specification purposes.  
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4.1 The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused by exposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant for many applications. This practice is intended to induce property changes associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of daylight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as, atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.  
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1.5 SGPL products are produced using several different manufacturing processes. These processes utilize a number of polyethylene resin material systems that include varying proportions of fillers, fiber reinforcements, and other chemical additives.  
1.6 Due to thermodynamic effects that result in outer-surface densification during manufacture, SGPL products are typically non-homogeneous in the cross-section. This standard does not address materials that have been modified from their original cross-section.  
1.6.1 The cross-section non-homogeneity is addressed in the material property assessments in this document only for applications in which the product cross-section is not modified by cutting, notching, or drilling. For products modified in this manner, additional engineering considerations are required and they are beyond the scope of this document.  
1.7 For purposes of this standard, an SGPL product is a specific combination of polyethylene resin, together with fillers, reinforcements, and additives. Each formulation is to be identified as a distinct and different product, to be tested and evaluated separately.  
1.8 Diverse and multiple combinations of both virgin and recycled polyethylene material systems are permitted in the manufacture of SGPL products.  
1.9 Fiber reinforcements used in SGPL include manufactured materials such as fiberglass (chopped or continuous), carbon, aramid and other polymeric materials.  
1.10 A wide variety of chemical additives are typically added to SGPL formulations. Examples include colorants, chemical foaming agents, ultraviolet stabilizers, fire retardants, lubricants, anti-static products, heat stabilizers, and coupling agents.  
1.11 Diverse types and combinations of filler systems are permitted in the manufacturing of SGPL products. Fillers that cause the product to fail the requirements of 6.13 are not permitted in the manufacturing of SGPL products.  
1.12 In order for a product to be classified as SGPL, it must meet the minimum stress and modulus criteria consistent with the specific product as marked, and additionally the properties specified in Section 6 of this specification.  
1.13 This specification pertains to SGPL where any reinforcement is uniformly distributed within the product. When reinforcement is not uniformly distributed, the engineering issues become substantially more complex. For this reason, such products are not covered in this document.  
1.14 Products that fail at strains of less than 0.02 (2 %) when tested in flexure in accordance with 6.6 are not compatible with the underlying assumptions of Annex A1 and are beyond the scope of this standard (see Note 1).
Note 1: Calculation of time-dependent properties in Annex A1 is based on the assumption that the product does not fail in a brittle manner. The 2 % strain limit was selected based on the judgment of the task group members that created Annex A1.  
1.15 This specification addresses issues relevant to a buyer’s requirements for SGPL products and has therefore been developed in the format of a procurement specification.  
1.16 Criteria for design are included as part of this specification for SGPL product...

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ASTM
ASTM D4495-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Rigid Profiles by Means of a Falling Weight

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The impact strength of PVC profiles relates to suitability for service and to quality of processing. Impact tests are used for quality-control purposes and as an indication that products can withstand handling during assembling, installation, or in service.  
5.2 Results obtained by use of this test method are used in two ways:  
5.2.1 As the basis for establishing impact-test requirements in product standards, and  
5.2.2 To measure the effect of changes in materials or processing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the energy required to crack or break rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) profile under specified conditions of impact by means of a falling weight.  
1.2 This test method is used either by itself or in conjunction with other methods for measuring PVC product toughness.  
1.3 Because of the wide variety of profile sizes and shapes and the wide variety of manufacturing procedures and field abuse, this test method does not correlate universally with all types of abuse. Therefore, correlations must be established as needed.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7611/D7611M-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Coding Plastic Manufactured Articles for Resin Identification

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Resin Identification Codes are used solely to identify the plastic resin used in a manufactured article. The intended manufactured articles include, but are not limited to, packaging.  
4.1.1 Fig. 1 and Table 1 present the appropriate information on the way the RIC is to be incorporated onto the product and the available resin identification designations.
FIG. 1 Example of a Resin Identification Marker  
4.2 Resin Identification Codes are not “recycle codes.” The Resin Identification Code is, though, an aid to recycling. The use of a Resin Identification Code on a manufactured plastic article does not imply that the article is recycled or that there are systems in place to effectively process the article for reclamation or re-use. The term “recyclable” or other environmental claims shall not be placed in proximity to the Code.  
4.3 This practice is based upon the system developed in 1988 by the Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc (SPI). It is possible that some states or countries will have incorporated the original SPI practice into statute or regulation. In those situations, that statute or regulation takes precedence over this standard.  
4.4 This practice shall only apply to new tooling. Existing molds that already incorporate older versions of the SPI RIC may be modified, but modification is not required.  
4.5 Assign number for manufactured items, not for adhesives or coatings. Do not code labels for resin of the label.  
4.6 Section 6 addresses the process to add new numbers to the Resin Identification Code.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice stipulates the types, names, and sizes of Codes for those material types specified in Table 1.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are likely not to be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems is likely to result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8366-21a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Extruded and Compression Molded Shapes Made from Unfilled Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) PVDF

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements and test methods for the material, dimensions, workmanship, and the properties of extruded sheet, rod and tubular bar manufactured from unfilled PVDF.  
1.2 This specification covers the requirements and test methods for the material, dimensions, workmanship, and the properties of extruded and compression molded shapes manufactured from unfilled PVDF.  
1.3 The properties included in this specification are those required for shapes made from PVDF polymers. Requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics of the shape are included in Section 5.  
1.4 This specification allows for the use of up to 20 % process regrind and reprocessed plastic, total, and of uncontaminated quality.  
1.5 The values stated in English Units are to be regarded as the standard in all property and dimensional tables. For reference purposes, SI units are also included.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method or test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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